Hull—Aylmer

For the provincial electoral district, see Hull (provincial electoral district). For the British constituency, see Hull (UK Parliament constituency).

Hull—Aylmer

Quebec electoral district
Hull—Aylmer in relation to districts in the Gatineau/Hull region (2003 boundaries)
Coordinates:	45°25′44″N75°48′07″W / 45.429°N 75.802°W / 45.429; -75.802
Federal electoral district
Legislature	House of Commons
MP	Greg Fergus Liberal
District created	1914
First contested	1917
Last contested	2021
District webpage	profile, map
Demographics
Population (2016) [1]	105,419
Electors (2019)	79,072
Area (km²) [2]	65
Pop. density (per km²)	1,621.8
Census division(s)	Gatineau
Census subdivision(s)	Gatineau

Hull—Aylmer (formerly known as Hull) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1917.

It was created as "Hull" in 1914 from parts of Labelle and Wright ridings. It was renamed "Hull—Aylmer" in 1984.

It encompasses the parts of the sectors of Hull and Aylmer located in the city of Gatineau, Quebec. The neighbouring ridings are Gatineau, Pontiac, Ottawa West—Nepean, Ottawa Centre, and Ottawa—Vanier.

With its large percentage of civil servants, the riding was a Liberal stronghold for almost a century, and the safest Liberal riding in the province outside Greater Montreal. Even when the rest of the province was turning its back on the Liberals, they survived in Hull—Aylmer in 1984, 2004 and 2006. In 2008, however, it was the only riding in Canada where four candidates received over 15% of the vote, and was the only riding in Quebec outside the Montreal area the Liberals won. In a major turnaround during the 2011 elections, however, the New Democratic Party won the riding as part of its sweep of the Outaouais. To date, this is the only time the Liberals have lost this riding in an election. The winner of that election, Nycole Turmel, was the interim leader of the NDP from July 28, 2011 until March 24, 2012, following the death of NDP leader Jack Layton. The only other time it was out of Liberal hands was from 1990 to 1993, when Gilles Rocheleau crossed the floor to the Bloc Québécois.

Hull—Aylmer lost territory to Pontiac during the 2012 electoral redistribution. It reverted to form at the 2015 election, when Liberal Greg Fergus handily defeated Turmel as part of the Liberals' clean sweep of the Outaouais.

Political geography

In the 2006 election, only five polls in the Aylmer sector did not vote Liberal. In the Hull sector, the Bloc Québécois performed very well in almost every neighbourhood. The Bloc's support was the most highly concentrated in the Wrightville, Mont-Bleu and Des Hautes Plaines neighbourhoods of Hull, but they also performed well in Le Plateau, Birch Manor, Jardins-Mackenzie-King, Jardins-Alexandre-Taché, Val-Tétreau, Lac-des-Fées and Ironside. Liberal support was constrained mostly to the neighbourhood of Parc-de-la-Montagne and the Île de Hull which was generally evenly split between the two parties. The Conservatives did not win a single poll in the riding, despite finishing ahead of the NDP which won two in Aylmer. The NDP won a poll in Lakeview Terrace as well as a poll in Parc-Glenwood, where it received less than 25% of the vote, despite winning it.

The strength of the Liberal party in this riding over so many years stems from the federal government influence generally seen in the city of Gatineau. This was the legacy of the federal bilingualism policy of the 1970s (which saw the liberal government of Pierre Trudeau in power) which resulted in the requirement for federal jobs to be distributed on both sides of the river. This was the impetus for the construction of the Portage complex in downtown Hull, which today dominates the commercial sector of the city. A significant number of residents in the riding work for the federal public service, with many working in the federal departments and agencies based in the Place du Portage buildings of downtown Hull. This is in addition to the residents who commute across the bridge to federal jobs in Ottawa.

Demographics

According to the 2021 Canadian census ^[3]

Ethnic groups: 71.7% White, 11.6% Black, 4.0% Indigenous, 3.9% Arab, 2.4% Latin American, 1.9% Chinese, 1.1% South Asian

Languages: 60.9% French, 17.5% English, 3.2% Arabic, 2.4% Spanish, 1.0% Portuguese, 1.0% Mandarin

Religions: 57.8% Christian (43.7% Catholic, 1.4% Christian Orthodox, 1.1% Anglican, 11.6% Other), 6.7% Muslim, 33.4% None

Median income: $46,000 (2020)

Average income: $55,200 (2020)

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Parliament	Years	Member		Party
Hull Riding created from Labelle and Wright
13th	1917–1921		Joseph-Éloi Fontaine	Liberal
14th	1921–1925
15th	1925–1926
16th	1926–1930
17th	1930–1935		Alphonse Fournier
18th	1935–1940
19th	1940–1945
20th	1945–1949
21st	1949–1953
22nd	1953–1957		Alexis Caron
23rd	1957–1958
24th	1958–1962
25th	1962–1963
26th	1963–1965
27th	1965–1966
	1966–1968		Pierre Caron
28th	1968–1972		Gaston Isabelle
29th	1972–1974
30th	1974–1979
31st	1979–1980
32nd	1980–1984
Hull—Aylmer
33rd	1984–1988		Gaston Isabelle	Liberal
34th	1988–1990		Gilles Rocheleau
	1990–1990			Independent
	1990–1993			Bloc Québécois
35th	1993–1997		Marcel Massé	Liberal
36th	1997–1999
	1999–2000		Marcel Proulx
37th	2000–2004
38th	2004–2006
39th	2006–2008
40th	2008–2011
41st	2011–2015		Nycole Turmel	New Democratic
42nd	2015–2019		Greg Fergus	Liberal
43rd	2019–2021
44th	2021–present

Election results

Hull—Aylmer, 1984–present

Graph of election results in Hull—Aylmer (since 1984, minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)

v t e 2021 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Greg Fergus	26,892	52.5	−1.6	$63,261.55
	Bloc Québécois	Simon Provost	8,323	16.2	+1.6	$12,271.08
	New Democratic	Samuel Gendron	6,483	12.7	−0.9	$1,357.33
	Conservative	Sandrine Perion	5,507	10.7	+1.6	$12,393.59
	People's	Eric Fleury	1,864	3.6	+2.4	$2,637.53
	Green	Simon Gnocchini-Messier	1,459	2.8	−4.2	$9,342.81
	Free	Josée Lafleur	375	0.7	N/A	$4,513.90
	Rhinoceros	Mike LeBlanc	203	0.4	±0.0	$0.00
	Independent	Catherine Dickins	143	0.3	N/A	$0.00
Total valid votes/expense limit			51,249	98.7	–	$109,916.55
Total rejected ballots			666	1.3
Turnout			51,915	66.5
Registered voters			78,032
	Liberal hold		Swing		−1.6
Source: Elections Canada [4]

2021 federal election redistributed results [5]
Party		Vote	%
	Liberal	25,446	52.46
	Bloc Québécois	7,810	16.10
	New Democratic	6,177	12.74
	Conservative	5,229	10.78
	People's	1,772	3.65
	Green	1,368	2.82
	Others	700	1.44

v t e 2019 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Greg Fergus	29,732	54.1	+2.73	none listed
	Bloc Québécois	Joanie Riopel	8,011	14.6	+8.06	$2,949.94
	New Democratic	Nicolas Thibodeau	7,467	13.6	−17.92	$26,504.52
	Conservative	Mike Duggan	4,979	9.1	+1.38	$18,923.80
	Green	Josée Poirier Defoy	3,869	7.0	+5.13	$9,958.48
	People's	Rowen Tanguay	638	1.2		$638.31
	Rhinoceros	Sébastien Grenier	195	0.4		$0.00
	Marxist–Leninist	Alexandre Deschênes	102	0.2	+0.02	$0.00
Total valid votes/expense limit			54,993	100.0
Total rejected ballots			692
Turnout			55,685	70.4
Eligible voters			79,072
	Liberal hold		Swing		−2.67
Source: Elections Canada [6] [7]

2015 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Greg Fergus	28,478	51.37	+30.88	$77,403.19
	New Democratic	Nycole Turmel	17,472	31.52	−27.26	$73,823.88
	Conservative	Étienne Boulrice	4,278	7.72	-2.33	$3,208.51
	Bloc Québécois	Maude Chouinard-Boucher	3,625	6.54	−2.14	$5,830.63
	Green	Roger Fleury	1,035	1.87	−0.14	$6,523.33
	Christian Heritage	Sean J. Mulligan	291	0.52	–	$5,299.81
	Independent	Luc Desjardins	160	0.3	–	–
	Marxist–Leninist	Gabriel Girard	101	0.18	–	–
Total valid votes/Expense limit			55,440	100.0		$213,352.22
Total rejected ballots			391	–	–
Turnout			55,831	70.8%	–
Eligible voters			78,773
	Liberal gain from New Democratic		Swing		28.92%
Source: Elections Canada [8] [9]

2011 federal election redistributed results [10]
Party		Vote	%
	New Democratic	29,553	58.78
	Liberal	10,302	20.49
	Conservative	5,051	10.05
	Bloc Québécois	4,362	8.68
	Green	1,012	2.01

2011 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	New Democratic	Nycole Turmel	35,194	59.20	+39.37
	Liberal	Marcel Proulx	12,051	20.27	−17.20
	Conservative	Nancy Brassard-Fortin	6,058	10.19	−4.94
	Bloc Québécois	Dino Lemay	5,019	8.44	−13.63
	Green	Roger Fleury	1,125	1.89	−3.37
Total valid votes/Expense limit			59,447	100.00
Total rejected ballots			355	0.59
Turnout			59,802	65.50
Eligible voters			91,302	–	–

2008 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Marcel Proulx	19,747	37.47	+4.78	$79,069
	Bloc Québécois	Raphaël Déry	11,635	22.07	−7.30	$69,055
	New Democratic	Pierre Ducasse	10,454	19.83	+4.33	$47,534
	Conservative	Paul Fréchette	7,976	15.13	−2.07	$56,752
	Green	Frédéric Pouyot	2,774	5.26	+0.26	$3,327
	Marxist–Leninist	Gabriel Girard-Bernier	121	0.23	0.00
Total valid votes/Expense limit			52,707	100.00	$89,492
Total rejected ballots			–	–
Turnout			–	–
	Liberal hold		Swing	+6.04

v t e 2006 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Marcel Proulx	17,576	32.67	$74,347
	Bloc Québécois	Alain Charette	15,788	29.35	$36,796
	Conservative	Gilles Poirier	9,284	17.26	$57,405
	New Democratic	Pierre Laliberté	8,334	15.49	$28,016
	Green	Christian Doyle	2,687	4.99	$1,907
	Marxist–Leninist	Gabriel Girard-Bernier	125	0.23	$19
Total valid votes/expenditure limit			53,794	100.00	$82,541
Total rejected ballots			323
Turnout			54,117	64.25
Electors on the lists			84,233
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

2004 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Marcel Proulx	20,135	41.87	−9.53	$61,882
	Bloc Québécois	Alain Charette	15,626	32.49	+9.41	$22,285
	New Democratic	Pierre Laliberté	5,709	11.87	+8.38	$23,285
	Conservative	Pierrette Bellefeuille	3,963	8.24	−9.72	$11,618
	Green	Gail Walker	2,561	5.33	–	$2,380
	Marxist–Leninist	Christian Legeais	98	0.20	−0.04
Total valid votes/Expense limit			48,092	100.00	$81,460

Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in the 2000 election.

2000 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Marcel Proulx	22,385	51.40	−2.63
	Bloc Québécois	Caroline Brouard	10,051	23.08	−2.40
	Progressive Conservative	Guy Dufort	4,181	9.60	+1.39
	Alliance	Michel Geisterfer	3,639	8.36	+7.36
	New Democratic	Peter Piening	1,521	3.49	−4.19
	Marijuana	Aubert Martins	892	2.05
	Natural Law	Rita Bouchard	426	0.98	+0.39
	Independent	Ron Gray	184	0.42
	Canadian Action	Robert Brooks	167	0.38
	Marxist–Leninist	Alexandre Legeais	106	0.24
Total valid votes			43,552	100.00

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1999 by-election.

Canadian federal by-election, 15 November 1999
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
Resignation of Marcel Massé, 10 September 1999
	Liberal	Marcel Proulx	9,532	54.03	−0.08
	Bloc Québécois	Robert Bélanger	4,495	25.48	+4.70
	Progressive Conservative	Richard St-Cyr	1,448	8.21	−9.51
	New Democratic	Alain Cossette	1,356	7.69	+4.93
	Green	Gail Walker	307	1.74	+0.51
	Christian Heritage	Ron Gray	176	1.00	+0.42
	Reform	Luiz Da Silva	175	0.99	−0.97
	Natural Law	Jean-Claude Pommet	103	0.58	+0.03
	Independent	John C. Turmel	51	0.29
Total valid votes			17,643	100.00

1997 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Marcel Massé	25,835	54.11	+0.85
	Bloc Québécois	Ginette Tétreault	9,922	20.78	−6.42
	Progressive Conservative	Stéphane Rondeau	8,461	17.72	+11.55
	New Democratic	Peter Piening	1,317	2.76	+0.20
	Reform	Camille Fortin	935	1.96
	Green	Gail Walker	586	1.23	+0.34
	Christian Heritage	Ron Gray	275	0.58
	Natural Law	Robert Mayer	266	0.56	−0.21
	Marxist–Leninist	Pierre Soublière	151	0.32	+0.01
Total valid votes			47,748	100.00

1993 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Marcel Massé	27,988	53.26	+3.43
	Bloc Québécois	Gilles Rocheleau	14,293	27.20
	Independent	Tony Cannavino	4,583	8.72
	Progressive Conservative	Pierre Chénier	3,244	6.17	−25.70
	New Democratic	Francine Bourque	1,346	2.56	−12.83
	Green	George Halpern	468	0.89
	Natural Law	Robert Mayer	401	0.76
	Marxist–Leninist	Françoise Roy	162	0.31
	Abolitionist	Linda Dubois	63	0.12
Total valid votes			52,548	100.00

1988 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Gilles Rocheleau	23,218	49.83	+9.26
	Progressive Conservative	Nicole Moreault	14,849	31.87	−5.15
	New Democratic	Danielle Lapointe-Vienneau	7,170	15.39	−4.23
	Rhinoceros	Denis Le Citron Patenaude	661	1.42
	Independent	Glen Kealey	559	1.20
	Independent	Serge Lafortune	134	0.29
Total valid votes			46,591	100.00

1984 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Gaston Isabelle	17,058	40.58	−27.55
	Progressive Conservative	Pierre Ménard	15,563	37.02	+31.74
	New Democratic	Jacques Audette	8,247	19.62	−4.91
	Parti nationaliste	Carol Anctil	1,015	2.41
	Commonwealth of Canada	Émile Chartrand	156	0.37
Total valid votes			42,039	100.00

Hull, 1917–1984

Graph of election results in Hull (1921-1980, minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)

1980 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Gaston Isabelle	27,938	68.13	-2.04
	New Democratic	Michel Légère	10,059	24.53	+7.97
	Progressive Conservative	Ronald Lefebvre	2,167	5.28	-0.07
	Rhinoceros	Sylvain Dompierre	598	1.46	-0.47
	Independent	Marc Bonhomme	174	0.42
	Marxist–Leninist	Pierre J.G. Soublière	70	0.17	-0.07
Total valid votes			41,006	100.00

1979 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Gaston Isabelle	30,413	70.18	-1.04
	New Democratic	Michel Légère	7,175	16.56	+8.36
	Social Credit	Jean Tessier	2,357	5.44	-3.29
	Progressive Conservative	Jean-Paul St-Amand	2,320	5.35	-5.26
	Rhinoceros	Pierre Cantin	835	1.93
	Union populaire	René Coté	132	0.30
	Marxist–Leninist	Pierre Soublière	106	0.24
Total valid votes			43,338	100.00

1974 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Gaston Isabelle	26,872	71.21	+6.27
	Progressive Conservative	Lucille Hodgins	4,006	10.62	-0.39
	Social Credit	René Ouellette	3,292	8.72	-4.13
	New Democratic	Carole Campeau Fortin	3,093	8.20	-1.81
	Independent	Raoul Gendron	472	1.25	+0.06
Total valid votes			37,735	100.00

1972 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Gaston Isabelle	24,630	64.94	-3.78
	Social Credit	Yvon Boisclair	4,874	12.85	-3.03
	Progressive Conservative	André Lacroix	4,173	11.00	+0.06
	New Democratic	Carole Fortin	3,796	10.01	6.57
	Independent	Raoul Gendron	453	1.19	0.19
Total valid votes			37,926	100.00

Note: Social Credit vote is compared to Ralliement créditiste vote in the 1968 election.

1968 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Gaston Isabelle	22,982	68.72	+16.48
	Ralliement créditiste	Joseph-René Villeneuve	5,311	15.88	-22.53
	Progressive Conservative	Jean-Marie Séguin	3,661	10.95	+6.81
	New Democratic	Richard Thibault	1,151	3.44	-0.56
	Independent Liberal	Raoul Gendron	337	1.01	-0.20
Total valid votes			33,442	100.00

Canadian federal by-election, 29 May 1967
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
On Mr. Caron's death, 31 August 1966
	Liberal	Pierre Caron	11,854	52.25	-2.44
	Ralliement créditiste	René Villeneuve	8,715	38.41	+8.36
	Progressive Conservative	Jean-Claude Émond	939	4.14	-1.61
	New Democratic	Richard Thibault	907	4.00	-2.94
	Independent Liberal	Raoul Gendron	274	1.21
Total valid votes			22,689	100.00

1965 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alexis Caron	17,832	54.68	+1.71
	Ralliement créditiste	Marcel Clément	9,798	30.05	-6.59
	New Democratic	René Desjardins	2,261	6.93	+4.53
	Progressive Conservative	Gérard Girouard	1,873	5.74	-2.24
	Independent Liberal	Gertrude Laflèche	692	2.12
	Independent Liberal	Robert Lawlis	154	0.47
Total valid votes			32,610	100.00

Note: Ralliement créditiste vote is compared to Social Credit vote in the 1963 election.

1963 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alexis Caron	19,667	52.97	+4.81
	Social Credit	Marcel Clément	13,603	36.64	+5.37
	Progressive Conservative	Jules Barrière	2,965	7.99	-9.77
	New Democratic	Claude Morissette	891	2.40	-0.40
Total valid votes			37,126	100.00

1962 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alexis Caron	17,932	48.17	-8.02
	Social Credit	Marcel Clément	11,642	31.27	+24.34
	Progressive Conservative	Armand Turpin	6,612	17.76	-18.15
	New Democratic	Hubert Boyer	1,043	2.80
Total valid votes			37,229	100.00

1958 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alexis Caron	20,132	56.18	+11.52
	Progressive Conservative	Lionel Mougeot	12,869	35.91	+21.78
	Social Credit	Marcellin Clément	2,484	6.93	+0.15
	Independent Liberal	Raoul Gendron	348	0.97
Total valid votes			35,833	100.00

1957 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alexis Caron	15,551	44.66	-30.46
	Independent Liberal	Raymond Brunet	11,981	34.41
	Progressive Conservative	Avila Labelle	4,922	14.14	-7.38
	Social Credit	Marcellin Clément	2,363	6.79
Total valid votes			34,817	100.00

1953 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alexis Caron	21,785	75.13	+9.60
	Progressive Conservative	Daniel Lafortune	6,239	21.52	-3.57
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Laurent Larose	707	2.44	-0.30
	Labor–Progressive	Ernest Gervais	266	0.92
Total valid votes			28,997	100.00

1949 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alphonse Fournier	18,446	65.53	+6.30
	Progressive Conservative	Jacques Boucher	7,060	25.08	-11.45
	Union des électeurs	Cécile Brunet	1,871	6.65	+4.30
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Laurent-Joseph Larose	771	2.74	+0.85
Total valid votes			28,148	100.00

1945 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alphonse Fournier	15,012	59.23	+8.66
	Progressive Conservative	Armand Turpin	9,258	36.53
	Union des électeurs	Alcide Whitmore	596	2.35	-29.48
	Co-operative Commonwealth	François-Joseph Gavard	478	1.89
Total valid votes			25,344	100.00

Note: Union des électeurs vote is compared to New Democracy vote in 1940 election. Social Credit vote is compared to New Democracy vote in 1940 election. Labour-Progressive vote is compared to Communist vote in 1940 election.

1940 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alphonse Fournier	11,253	50.57	+5.73
	New Democracy	Armand Turpin	7,083	31.83
	Labour	Théodore Lambert	3,916	17.60
Total valid votes			22,252	100.00

1935 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alphonse Fournier	9,370	44.84	-23.13
	Reconstruction	Aimé Guertin	5,244	25.09
	Independent Liberal	Joseph Édouard Laflamme	3,390	16.22
	Conservative	Rodolphe Moreau	2,894	13.85	-18.18
Total valid votes			20,898	100.00

1930 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alphonse Fournier	12,543	67.97	-15.33
	Conservative	Jean-Noël Beauchamp	5,911	32.03	+15.33
Total valid votes			18,454	100.00

1926 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Joseph-Éloi Fontaine	10,899	83.30	+14.10
	Conservative	François-Albert Dumas	2,185	16.70	-14.10
Total valid votes			13,084	100.00

1925 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Joseph-Éloi Fontaine	10,248	69.20	-13.50
	Conservative	Louis Cousineau	4,561	30.80
Total valid votes			14,809	100.00

1921 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	Joseph-Éloi Fontaine	11,998	82.70
	Progressive	Sylvio Lafortune	2,510	17.30
Total valid votes			14,508	100.00

1917 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes
	Opposition (Laurier Liberals)	Joseph-Éloi Fontaine	acclaimed

See also

• List of Canadian electoral districts
• Historical federal electoral districts of Canada

References

• "Hull—Aylmer (Code 24023) Census Profile". 2011 census . Government of Canada - Statistics Canada . Retrieved March 7, 2011.
• Campaign expense data from Elections Canada
• Riding history for Hull from the Library of Parliament
• Riding history for Hull—Aylmer from the Library of Parliament

Notes

1. Statistics Canada: 2016
2. Statistics Canada: 2016
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10. Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections