List of college literary societies

Last updated

The following is a list of college literary societies by country.

Contents

Australian college literary societies

Canadian college literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding date and rangeInstitutionLocationStatusReferences
Levana Debating Society Queen's University at Kingston Kingston, Ontario, CanadaInactive [1] [a]
Queen's Alma Mater Society1858 Queen's University at Kingston Kingston, Ontario, Canada [1]
Queen's Debating Union 1843 Queen's University at Kingston Kingston, Ontario, CanadaActive [1] [b]
University College Literary and Athletic SocietyFebruary 22, 1854 University College, Toronto Toronto, Ontario, CanadaActive [2]

Indian college literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding date and rangeInstitutionLocationStatusReferences
Eulexian Society1860 St. Stephen's College, Delhi University Enclave, New Delhi, India Inactive [3]
English Literary Society Shri Ram College of Commerce Delhi, India Active [4]
English Literary Society Guru Nanak Khalsa College for Women Ludhiana, IndiaActive [5]
English Literary Society St. Joseph's College, Bangalore Bangalore, India Active [6]
The English Literary Society St. Stephen's College, Delhi University Enclave, New Delhi, India Active [7]

Irish college literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding date and rangeInstitutionLocationStatusReferences
Literary & Debating Society 1846 University of Galway Galway, Ireland Active [8] [c]
English & Literary Society (LitSoc) University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland Active [9]
Literary and Historical Society 1855 University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland Active
Literary and Debating Society 1795 Maynooth University Maynooth, Ireland Active

United Kingdom college literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding date and rangeInstitutionLocationStatusReferences
The English Society St. John's College, Cambridge Cambridge, EnglandActive [10]
The English Society University of Manchester Manchester, England Active [11]
Shirley Society 1919 St Catharine's College, Cambridge Cambridge, EnglandActive [12]

United States men's literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding date

and range

InstitutionLocationStatusReferences
Addisonian Society1851 Kentucky Military Institute Lyndon, Kentucky Inactive [3]
Addisonian Society1861 Wayland Baptist University Plainview, Texas Inactive [3]
Adelphean Society1851 Wesleyan University Middletown, Connecticut Inactive [3]
Adelphene Society1868 Union Christian College, Merom Merom, Indiana Inactive [3]
Adelphian Society1860 Furman University Greenville, South Carolina Inactive [13]
Adelphic Society1860 Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois Inactive [14]
Adelphi Society1845 Knox College Galesburg, Illinois Inactive [15]
Adelphi Society1842 Howard College Birmingham, Alabama Inactive [16]
Adelphian Society July 24, 1840 – December 10, 1880 Colgate University Hamilton, New York Inactive [17] [d]
Adelphian Society1858 Cornell College Mount Vernon, Iowa Inactive [3]
Adelphic Society1796 Union College Schenectady, New York Inactive [18]
Adelphic Society1831–1840 Western Reserve University Hudson, Ohio Inactive [19]
Adelphic Society1872 Geneva College Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania Inactive [20]
Adelphic Union Literary Society1870 Maryville College Maryville, Tennessee Inactive [21]
Aeonian SocietyJuly 24, 1840 – 1887 Colgate University Hamilton, New York Inactive [22] [17]
Agatheridan Society1825 University of Nashville Nashville, Tennessee Inactive [3]
Alka Society1866 Willamette University Salem, Oregon Inactive [23]
Alamo Society1873 Southwestern University Georgetown, Texas Inactive [24]
Alethezethian Society1854 Antioch College Yellow Springs, Ohio Inactive [25]
Alethean Society1855 Baldwin University Berea, Ohio Inactive [3]
Alethean Society1859 Beloit College Beloit, Wisconsin Inactive [3]
Alethean Society1881 Southwestern University Georgetown, Texas Inactive [24]
Alethearian Society1849 Geneva College Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania Inactive [20]
Alexandrian Society1821 Amherst College Amherst, Massachusetts Inactive [26]
Alfreidian Lyceum Society1846 Alfred University Alfred, New York Inactive [3]
Alleghenian Lyceum Society1851 Alfred University Alfred, New York Inactive [3]
Allegheny Society1835 Allegheny College Meadville, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Alpha Delta Society1868 Hiram College Hiram, Ohio Inactive [27]
Alpha Kappa Phi Society1857 Hillsdale College Hillsdale, Michigan Inactive [3]
Alpha Kappa Society1839 Marietta College Marietta, Ohio Inactive [3]
Alpha Nu Society1843 University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Inactive [3]
Alpha Omega Delta Literary Society 1947 Bob Jones University Greenville, South Carolina Active [28]
Alpha Sigma1882 Maryville College Maryville, Tennessee Inactive [21] [29]
American Whig Society 1765–1928 Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey Inactive [30]
American Whig-Cliosophic Society 1928 Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey Active [31]
Amphictyon Society1853 Cornell College Mount Vernon, Iowa Inactive [3]
Amphictyon Society1851 Lawrence University Appleton, Wisconsin Inactive [26]
Amphictyon Society1857 Hillsdale College Hillsdale, Michigan Inactive [3]
Animi Cultus1867–1882 Maryville College Maryville, Tennessee Inactive [21] [e]
Archaean Society1859 Beloit College Beloit, Wisconsin Inactive [3]
Archanian SocietyMarch 27, 1954 University of the Pacific Stockton, California Active [32]
Aristotelian Society1854 Central Methodist University Fayette, Missouri Inactive [26]
Aristotelian SocietyDecember 6, 1867 Harlem Springs College Harlem Springs, Ohio Inactive [3]
Aristonian Society1870 Wheaton College Wheaton, Illinois Inactive [33]
Atheneum Society1870 Willamette University Salem, Oregon Inactive [23]
Arkansas Literary and Debating Society1879 Lyon College Batesville, Arkansas Inactive [34]
Athena1916–1933 University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Inactive [35]
Athena Society1858 Lawrence University Appleton, Wisconsin Inactive [26]
Athenaean Society1802–1887 Bowdoin College Brunswick, Maine Inactive [18] [36]
Athenaeum Society1824 Trinity College Hartford, Connecticut Inactive [26]
Athenaeum Society1860 University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Inactive [3]
Athenaean Society1869 King College Bristol, Tennessee Inactive [26]
Atheniaedes Society1845 Albion College Albion, Michigan Inactive [37]
Athenian Literary Society1900 Ouachita Baptist University Arkadelphia, Arkansas Inactive [38]
Athenian Society1776–1786 Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey Inactive [30] [39]
Athenian Society1821 Amherst College Amherst, Massachusetts Inactive [26]
Athenian Society1830 Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington, Indiana Inactive [40]
Athenian Society1850 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin Inactive [41]
Athenian Society1851 Ohio Wesleyan University Delaware, Ohio Inactive [3]
Athenian Society1867 Tennessee Wesleyan College Athens, Tennessee Inactive [26]
Bachelor Society1870 Iowa State University Ames, Iowa Inactive [26]
Baconian Society1870–1906 State University of New York at Potsdam Potsdam, New York Inactive [42] [43]
Bainonian1875 Maryville College Maryville, Tennessee Inactive [21]
Basilian Society1869 Niagara University Lewiston, New York Inactive [26]
Belles Lettres Society1786 Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire Active [44] [45]
Belles Lettres Society1786 Dickinson College Carlisle, Pennsylvania Active [46]
Belles Letters Society1859 Illinois Wesleyan University Bloomington, Illinois Inactive [47]
Belles Letters Society1850 Lycoming College Williamsport, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Belles Letters Society1851 MacMurray College Jacksonville, Illinois Inactive [48]
Belles Lettres Society1859 Southern University Greensboro, Alabama Inactive [49] [50]
Beltionian Society1856 Wheaton College Wheaton, Illinois Inactive [33]
Benjamin Franklin Literary and Debating Society2015 University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia Active [51]
Berean Society1861 University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Inactive [52]
Beth-Hacma1829–1860s Maryville College Maryville, Tennessee Inactive [21] [f]
Beth-Hacma ve Berith1834 Maryville College Maryville, Tennessee Inactive [21] [f]
Bettina Society1871 German Wallace College Berea, Ohio Inactive [3]
Bonhommian Society1871 Highland University Highland, Kansas Inactive [3]
Brothers in Unity 1768–1878, 2022 Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Active [30] [53]
Brown Debating ClubSeptember 1866 Stockwell Collegiate Institute Stockwell, Indiana Inactive [3]
Burke Society2010 University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia Active [51] [54] [55]
Byronic Literary SocietyDecember 6, 1867 Harlem Springs College Harlem Springs, Ohio Inactive [3]
Calhoun Society1854 Wofford College Spartanburg, South Carolina Inactive [56]
Calliope Academy1855 Spring Hill College Mobile, Alabama Inactive [57]
Calliopean Society1793–1890 Union College Schenectady, New York Inactive [58]
Calliopean Society1819–1853, 1950 Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Active [59] [60] [53] [g]
Calliopean Society1830 Maine Wesleyan Seminary Kents Hill, Maine Inactive [26]
Calliopean Society1835 Granville Literary and Theological Institution Granville, Ohio.Inactive [19]
Calliopean Society1840 Emory & Henry University Emory, Virginia Active [61]
Calliopean Society1845 The Citadel Charleston, South Carolina Inactive [62]
Calliopean Society1847 Wabash College Crawfordsville, Indiana Inactive [3]
Calliopean Society1879 Texas A&M University College Station, Texas Inactive [63] [h]
Castelian Society1870 Rockford College Rockford, Illinois Inactive [26]
Chi Beta Society1920 Illinois College Jacksonville, Illinois Active [64]
Chi Delta Society1836 East Tennessee University Knoxville, Tennessee Inactive [65]
Chi Delta Theta1821 Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Inactive [66]
Chrestomathean Society1847 Ohio Wesleyan University Delaware, Ohio Inactive [3]
Chrestomathean1889–c. 1917 Hanover College Hanover, Indiana Inactive [67] [i]
Chrestomathian Society1853 Grinnell College Grinnell, Iowa Inactive [3]
Chrestomathic Society1848–1948 College of Charleston Charleston, South Carolina Inactive [68]
Ciceronian Society1823 George Washington University Washington, D.C. Inactive [69]
Ciceronian Society1834 Mercer University Macon, Georgia Inactive [70] [71] [j]
Ciceronian Society1839–c. 1932 Georgetown College Georgetown, Kentucky Inactive [3]
Ciceronian Society1850 Roanoke College Salem, Virginia Inactive [3]
Clariosophic Literary Society1873 University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas Inactive [72]
Clariosophic Society 1806–xxxx ?; 2013 University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina Active [3] [73] [74] [75]
Cleo of Alpha Chi 1877 Trinity College Hartford, Connecticut Active [76]
Clever Fellows Society1844 Albion College Albion, Michigan Inactive [77]
Clio Society1853 Capital University Bexley, Ohio Inactive [3]
Clio Society1885 Southwestern University Georgetown, Texas Inactive [24]
Clionian Literary Society1869 McKendree College Lebanon, Illinois Active [78]
Clionian Society1851 Free Academy of the City of New York New York City, New York Inactive [26] [79]
Clionian Society1866 Almira College Greenville, Illinois Inactive [3]
Cliolian Society1871 Iowa State University Ames, Iowa Inactive [26]
Cliosophic Society 1765–1928 Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey Inactive [30]
Cliosophic Society 1838 Georgetown College Georgetown, Kentucky Inactive [80]
Clariosophic Society1859 Southern University Greensboro, Alabama Inactive [49] [50]
Columbian Debating Society1845 – October 10, 1846 Richmond College Richmond, Virginia Inactive [81] [k]
Crescent Society1855 Antioch College Yellow Springs, Ohio Inactive [25]
Crescent Society1870 Iowa State University Ames, Iowa Inactive [26]
Crotonia Society1750–1772 Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Inactive [30]
Daedalian Literary Society1923 Indiana State Normal School Terre Haute, Indiana Inactive [82]
De La Salle Club1865 Manhattan College New York City, New York Inactive [3]
Delean Society1859 Beloit College Beloit, Wisconsin Inactive [3]
Delphic Society1854–1875 Hiram College Hiram, Ohio Inactive [83] [84]
Delphic Society 1871–1889 State University of New York at Geneseo Geneseo, New York Inactive [85]
Delta Rho Society1926–1928 Lyon College Batesville, Arkansas Inactive [34]
Delta Sigma Society1892 Lyon College Batesville, Arkansas Inactive [34]
Demosthenian Literary Society 1803 University of Georgia Athens, Georgia Active [86] [18]
Demosthenean Literary Society1907 University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas Inactive [72]
Diagnothian Society1835 Franklin & Marshall College Lancaster, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Dialectic Society 1795 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina Active [18]
Dialectic Society1839 Oberlin College Oberlin, Ohio Inactive [87]
Eclectic Society1845 Albion College Albion, Michigan Inactive [37]
Elizabethan Club 1911 Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Active [88] [66]
Emma Willards Society1853 Waynesburg College Waynesburg, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Enosinian Society 1822 George Washington University Washington, D.C. Active [89] [90] [69]
Erodelphian1843–1845 Hanover College Hanover, Indiana Inactive [67]
Erodelphian Society1862–1933 University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Inactive [35]
Erodelphian Literary Society1825–1924 Miami University Oxford, Ohio Inactive [91]
Erodelphian Society1854 Burlington College Burlington, Vermont Inactive [3]
Erodelphian Society1870 Highland University Highland, Kansas Inactive [3]
Erosophian Adelphoi Society1835 Colby College Waterville, Maine Inactive [26]
Erosophic Society1831–1933 University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, Alabama Inactive [26] [92] [93]
Erosophic Society1847 Mercer University Macon, Georgia Inactive [71]
Erosophic Society1891 Lyon College Batesville, Arkansas Inactive [34]
Erosophian Society1855 Marshall University Huntington, West Virginia Inactive [26]
Erosophian Society1860 Lombard College Galesburg, Illinois Inactive [3]
Erosophian Society1865 Baylor College Waco, Texas Inactive [26]
Eucleian Society 1834–1943 New York University New York City, New York Inactive [26]
Euglossian Society1913 Heidelberg University Tiffin, Ohio Active [94]
Erosophian Society1867 Albion College Albion, Michigan Inactive [3]
Eulexian Literary SocietyNovember 27, 1867 – January 1870; March 1871 St. Augustine College Benicia, California Inactive [95] [l]
Eulexian Society1860 St. Stephens College Annandale-on-Hudson, New York Inactive [3]
Eutaxian Society1876 University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon Inactive [96]
Eumenean Society1837 McKendree College Lebanon, Illinois Active [3] [97]
Eumenean Society April 14, 1837 Davidson College Davidson, North Carolina Active
Eumenean Society1898–1918 Birmingham–Southern College Birmingham, Alabama Inactive [m]
Euphemian Literary Society 1839 Erskine College Due West, South Carolina Active [98]
Euphradian Society 1806 University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina Active [26] [75]
Euphradian Society1831 College of Charleston Charleston, South Carolina Inactive [80]
Euphronean Society1835 Wabash College Crawfordsville, Indiana Inactive [99]
Eupia Society1850 Bucknell University Lewisburg, Pennsylvania Inactive [3]
Eurodelphian Society1857 Spring Hill College Mobile, Alabama Inactive [57]
Euterpean Society1867 Muhlenberg College Allentown, Pennsylvania Inactive [100]
Euzelian Society1835 Wake Forest University Wake Forest, North Carolina Active [101]
Excelsior Men's Society1851 Heidelberg University Tiffin, Ohio Active [3]
Excelsior Society1858 Albright College Reading, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Excelsior Society1872 Wheaton College Wheaton, Illinois Inactive [33]
F. H. C. 1750–1787 College of William & Mary Williamsburg, Virginia Inactive [30]
Few SocietyAugust 10, 1839 – 1932 Emory University Atlanta, Georgia Inactive [102] [n]
Franklin Literary Society 1797 Jefferson College Canonsburg, Pennsylvania Active [103]
Franklin Literary Society1898 Hendrix College Conway, Arkansas Inactive
Franklin Literary Society1908 University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas Inactive [72]
Franklin Polemic Society1833–1834 Mercer University Macon, Georgia Inactive [70]
Franklin Reading Society1860 Furman University Greenville, South Carolina Inactive [104]
Franklin Society 1824–1834 Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Inactive [105]
Franklin Society1826 College of William & Mary Williamsburg, Virginia Inactive [26]
Franklin Society1831–1840 Western Reserve University Hudson, Ohio Inactive [19]
Franklin Society1842 Howard College Birmingham, Alabama Inactive [16]
Franklin Society1843 Granville Literary and Theological Institution Granville, Ohio Inactive [26]
Franklin SocietyMarch 1843 Richmond College Richmond, Virginia Inactive [81]
Gamma Delta Society1911 Illinois College Jacksonville, Illinois Active [64]
Gamma Epsilon Society1852 Lycoming College Williamsport, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Gamma Nu Society1897 Illinois College Jacksonville, Illinois Active [64]
Gamma Phi Society 1833–c. 1840 Colgate University Hamilton, New York Inactive [106]
Gamma Sigma Literary Society1891 Henderson State University Arkadelphia, Arkansas Inactive [38]
Garland Literary Society Henderson State University Arkadelphia, Arkansas Inactive [38]
Garland Literary Society1886 University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas Inactive [72]
Garnet Society1866 Lincoln University Oxford, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
German Verein1859–1942 German Wallace College Berea, Ohio Inactive [3] [o]
Germanae Sodales Society1859 Hillsdale College Hillsdale, Michigan Inactive [3]
Gnothautii Society1849 Knox College Galesburg, Illinois Inactive [3]
Grady Literary Society1895 University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas Inactive [72]
Grinnell Institute1870 Grinnell College Grinnell, Iowa Inactive [3]
Hamlin Garland1920–1934 Heidelberg University Tiffin, Ohio Inactive [35]
Hamline Society1854 Iowa Wesleyan College Mount Pleasant, Iowa Inactive [107]
Harlan Literary Society 1899–1952 Hendrix College Conway, Arkansas Inactive
Henodelphisterian Society1820 Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington, Indiana Inactive [40]
Hermaean Society1849–1946 University of Mississippi Oxford, Mississippi Inactive [108]
Hermean Society1811 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Inactive [109]
Hermean Society1845 Geneva College Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Hermesian Literary Society1888 Ouachita Baptist University Arkadelphia, Arkansas Inactive [38]
Hermesian Society1840 Emory & Henry College Emory, Virginia Active [61]
Hentz Society1853 LaGrange College LaGrange, Georgia Inactive [110]
Hesperian Society1857 Ohio Female College Cincinnati, Ohio Inactive [3]
Hesperian Society1863–1933 University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Inactive [35]
Hesperian Society1912 Heidelberg University Tiffin, Ohio Inactive [94]
Hinman Society1856 Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois Inactive [83]
Hyperion Society1855 Marshall University Huntington, West Virginia Inactive [26]
Institute of 17701770 Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Inactive [30]
Irving Institute1864–1929 University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Inactive [35]
Irving Literary SocietySeptember 5, 1865 Andalusia College Pennsylvania Inactive [3]
Irving Society 1868–1888 Cornell University Ithaca, New York Inactive [3] [111] [p]
Irving Society1870 College of Wooster Wooster, Ohio Inactive [3]
Ionian Society1857 Earlham College Richmond, Indiana Inactive [3]
Jared Eliot Book Collectors and Literary Society (Jared Eliot Assoiation)1934 Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Inactive [66]
Jefferson Society 1825 University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia Active [112] [113] [54]
John Adams Society2014 Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Active [114]
Judson Society1853 LaGrange College LaGrange, Georgia Inactive [110]
L & S (Literature and Science)1862–1864 Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Inactive [66]
Laurean Society1876 University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon Inactive [96]
Lee Literary Society1906 University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas Inactive [72]
Lehigh Junto1868 Lehigh University Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Inactive [3]
L'Etoile1884 Lyon College Batesville, Arkansas Inactive [34]
Licivyronian Society1839 College of William & Mary Williamsburg, Virginia Inactive [26]
Lincoln Association1866 Illinois Soldiers College Fulton, Indiana Inactive [3] [115] [116]
Linnean Society1854 Mount Union College Alliance, Ohio Inactive [3]
Linonian Society 1753–1868, 1878–1880, 1904–1906, 19xx ? Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Active [30] [53]
Literary Adelphi Society1857 University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Inactive [3]
Literary Fraternity1827 Colby College Waterville, Maine Inactive [26]
Literary Society1859 University of Maryland, College Park College Park, Maryland Inactive [117]
The Literary Society1888 Winthrop University Rock Hill, South Carolina Active [118]
Lyceum Society1847 Wabash College Crawfordsville, Indiana Inactive [3]
Mathesian Society1856 Northwestern Christian University Indianapolis, Indiana Inactive [119]
Miami Union Literary Society1825–1928 Miami University Oxford, Ohio Inactive [91]
Mu Sigma Rho Literary SocietyOctober 10, 1846 – 1861;

October 5, 1866

 Richmond College Richmond, Virginia Inactive [81] [120] [k]
Neocosmian Society1859 Albright College Reading, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Neotrophian Society1867 Bethel College Russellville, Kentucky Inactive [26]
Nu Pi Kappa Society1828 Kenyon College Gambier, Ohio Inactive [121] [122]
Octave Thanet1900–1933 University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Inactive [35]
Orthopatetic Society1869 Blackburn College Carlinville, Illinois Inactive [26]
Orophilian Lyceum Society1850 Alfred University Alfred, New York Inactive [3]
Ossoli Society1874 Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois Inactive [83]
P. D. A. 1773–1781 College of William & Mary Williamsburg, Virginia Inactive [123]
Parthenian Society1853 University of Baltimore Baltimore, Maryland Inactive [3]
Parthenon Society1827 Trinity College Hartford, Connecticut Inactive [26]
Patrick Henry Society1819–1830, c. 1966 University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia Inactive [124] [113]
Peithissophian Society1825–1891 Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey Inactive [26] [39]
Peithologian Society 1806 Columbia University New York City, New York Inactive [30]
Peithologian Society1831 Wesleyan University Middletown, Connecticut Inactive [26]
Periclean Literary Society1900 University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas Inactive [72]
Periclesian Society1853 Franklin College Franklin, Indiana Inactive [125]
Peucinian Society1805 Bowdoin College Brunswick, Maine Active [18] [36]
Phi Alpha Literary Society 1845 Illinois College Jacksonville, Illinois Active [3] [64]
Phi Alpha Pi Society1861 Olivet College Olivet, Michigan Inactive [3]
Phi Alpha Society1854 Central Methodist University Fayette, Missouri Inactive [26]
Phi Beta Kappa Society1776–1787 College of William & Mary Williamsburg, Virginia Inactive [30] [q]
Phi Beta Kappa Society 1780 Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Active [q]
Phi Beta Kappa Society1781 Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Active [30] [q]
Phi Beta Kappa Society1787 Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire Active [30] [q]
Phi Beta Kappa Society 1830 Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Active [q]
Phi Beta Kappa Society 1817 Union College Schenectady, New York Active [q]
Phi Beta Kappa Society 1825 Bowdoin College Brunswick, Maine Active [36] [q]
Phi Delta Society1834–late 1930s;

October 1967–xxxx ?

 Mercer University Macon, Georgia Inactive [70] [j]
Phi Delta Society1839–1863 Oglethorpe University Brookhaven, Georgia Inactive [126]
Phi Delta Society1840 Western Reserve University Hudson, Ohio Inactive [19]
Phi Delta Society1868 Berea College Berea, Kentucky Inactive [26]
Phi Gamma Society1837 College of Charleston Charleston, South Carolina Inactive [3]
Phi Kappa Literary Society 1820 University of Georgia Athens, Georgia Active [127]
Phi Nu Society1853 MacMurray College Jacksonville, Illinois Inactive [48]
Phi Phi Alpha Society1842 University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Inactive [26]
Phi Sigma Nu Society1803 University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont Inactive [18]
Phi Sigma Society1849–1934 University of Mississippi Oxford, Mississippi Inactive [128]
Philadelphian Society1856 Monmouth College Monmouth, Illinois Inactive [3]
Philal-Union Societyc. 1920–c. 1931 Hanover College Hanover, Indiana Inactive [67] [r]
Philaletha Society1852 Otterbein College Westerville, Ohio Inactive [3]
Philalethean Literary Society1913 Taylor University Upland, Indiana Inactive [129]
Philalethean Society1855 Lawrence University Appleton, Wisconsin Inactive [125]
Philalethean Society1913 Heidelberg University Tiffin, Ohio Active [130]
Philalethic Literary Society1856 Santa Clara College Santa Clara, California Inactive [131]
Philanthropic Literary Society1807–1929 Hampden–Sydney College Hampden Sydney, Virginia Inactive [132] [s]
Philanthropic Society 1795 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina Active [18]
Philanthropic Society1837 Emory University Atlanta, Georgia Active [3] [97]
Phileans Society1853 Waynesburg College Waynesburg, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Philermenian Society1794–1866 Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Inactive [30] [133]
Philestorian Debating SocietyOctober 14, 1859 Santa Clara College Santa Clara, California Inactive [95]
Philo-Christomathean Society1849 Geneva College Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania Inactive [20]
Philo-Franklin Society1834 Allegheny College Meadville, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Philo Literary Society 1797 Jefferson College Canonsburg, Pennsylvania Inactive [103]
Philoclean Society 1825–1892 Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey Inactive [26]
Philocurian Society1868 Northwestern Christian University Indianapolis, Indiana Inactive [3]
Philodemic Society 1830 Georgetown University Washington, D.C. Active [134] [135]
Philokosmian Society1867 Lebanon Valley College Annville, Pennsylvania Inactive [3]
Philolexian Society 1802 Columbia University New York City, New York Active [30] [136]
Philolexian Society1851 Kalamazoo College Kalamazoo, Michigan Inactive [3]
Philologian Society1795 Williams College Williamstown, Massachusetts Inactive [18]
Philologian SocietyOctober 8, 1855 – April 22, 1861; October 27, 1867 Richmond College Richmond, Virginia Inactive [3] [137] [t]
Philologian Society1870 St. Stephens College Annandale-on-Hudson, New York Inactive [3]
Philological Society1807 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Inactive [30]
Philological Society1839 Indiana Asbury College Greencastle, Indiana Inactive [3]
Philomathean Literary Society1851–1857 Carson-Newman College Jefferson City, Tennessee Inactive [138] [u]
Philomathean Literary Society1888 Ouachita Baptist University Arkadelphia, Arkansas Inactive [38]
Philomathean Society 1813 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Active [30]
Philomathean Society1828 College of Charleston Charleston, South Carolina Inactive [80]
Philomathean Society1831 Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana Inactive [40]
Philomathean Society October 1932–1891 New York University New York City, New York Inactive [139]
Philomathean Society1834 Wabash College Crawfordsville, Indiana Inactive [99]
Philalathean Society1839–c. 1917 Hanover College Hanover, Indiana Merged [140] [67] [v]
Philomathean Society 1842 Erskine College Due West, South Carolina Active [141]
Philomathean Society1846 Muskingum College New Concord, Ohio Inactive [3]
Philomathean Society1851 Waynesburg College Waynesburg, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Philomathean Society1852 Hiram College Hiram, Ohio Inactive [27]
Philomathean Society 1852 Wesleyan University Middletown, Connecticut Active [3]
Philomathean Society1856 Willamette University Salem, Oregon Inactive [23]
Philomathean Society1857 Otterbein College Westerville, Ohio Inactive [3]
Philomathean Society1860 Milton College Milton, Wisconsin Inactive [3]
Philomathean Society1866 Union Christian College Merom, Indiana Inactive [3]
Philomathean Society1868 Iowa State University Ames, Iowa Inactive [26]
Philomathean Society1869 Tennessee Wesleyan College Athens, Tennessee Inactive [26]
Philomathean Society1871 University of the Pacific Stockton, California Active [142] [w] [x]
Philomathean Society1883 Lyon College Batesville, Arkansas Inactive [34]
Philomathean Society1928–1928 University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Inactive [35]
Philomathean Society1991 Union College Schenectady, New York Active [18] [143]
Philomathesian Society1827 Kenyon College Gambier, Ohio Inactive [121] [122]
Philomathesian Society1835 Wake Forest University Wake Forest, North Carolina Inactive [101]
Philomathesian Society1836 East Tennessee University Knoxville, Tennessee Inactive [65]
Philomathesian Society1839 Oberlin College Oberlin, Ohio Inactive [87]
Philomathian Society1852 University of Mississippi Oxford, Mississippi Inactive [3]
Philomathian Society1854 Bethel College Russellville, Kentucky Inactive [3]
Philomathian Society1868 Illinois Industrial University Urbana, Illinois Inactive [3]
Philomathic Society1832–1943 University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, Alabama Inactive [26] [92] [93]
Philomatic Society1848 Spring Hill College Mobile, Alabama Inactive [57]
Philoneikean Society1856 Moores Hill College Evansville, Indiana Inactive [144]
Philopaedian SocietyJanuary 16, 1841 St. Xavier College Cincinnati, Ohio Inactive [3]
Philopenthean Society1855 Geneva College Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Philophrenian Society1850 Columbian College New York City, New York Inactive [3]
Philophrenian Society1855 George Washington University Washington, D.C. Inactive [89]
Philophronean Society1851 Otterbein College Westerville, Ohio Inactive [3]
Philosophian Society1837 Indiana Asbury College Greencastle, Indiana Inactive [3]
Philosophian Society1846 Wittenberg College Springfield, Ohio Inactive [3]
Philosophian Society1860 Furman University Greenville, South Carolina Inactive [104]
Philosophian Society1867 Lincoln University Oxford, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Philosophronian Society1830–1839 Hanover College Hanover, Indiana Merged [145] [67] [y]
Philotechnian Society1795 Williams College Williamstown, Massachusetts Inactive [18]
Philotechnic Society1870 Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana Inactive [26]
Philorhetorian Society1831 Wesleyan University Middletown, Connecticut Inactive [26]
Philozetian Society1826 Western Reserve University Hudson, Ohio Inactive [19]
Phoenix Band Society1856 Earlham College Richmond, Indiana Inactive [3]
Phoenix Society1814 Hamilton College Clinton, New York Inactive [18]
Phoenix Society1855 Lawrence University Appleton, Wisconsin Inactive [125]
Photozotean Society1869 Moores Hill College Evansville, Indiana Inactive [144]
Phreno-Cosmian Society1857 Baldwin University Berea, Ohio Inactive [3]
Phrenocosmian Society1852 Free Academy of the City of New York New York City, New York Inactive [26] [79]
Pi Delta Society1834–c. 1840 Colgate University Hamilton, New York Inactive [106]
Pi Pi Rho Society1929 Illinois College Jacksonville, Illinois Active [64]
Pithonian Society1850 University of Rochester Rochester, New York Inactive [26]
Platonian Society1838 Georgetown College Georgetown, Kentucky Inactive [3]
Platonian Society1849 McKendree College Lebanon, Illinois Inactive [3]
Polemical Society1776–1782 Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey Inactive [39]
Polytechnic Literary Society1847 The Citadel Charleston, South Carolina Active [62]
Porcellian Society1791 Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Inactive [146]
Preston Society1858 Wofford College Spartanburg, South Carolina Inactive [56]
Pronouncing Society1771 Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Inactive [30]
Psi Gamma Society1839 Marietta College Marietta, Ohio Inactive [3]
The Pundits 1884 Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Active [66] [z]
Pythonian Society1857 Northwestern Christian University Indianapolis, Indiana Inactive [119]
Reynolds Literary Society1860 Stockwell Collegiate Institute Stockwell, Indiana Inactive [3] [147]
Rhizomian Society1858 University of the Pacific Stockton, California Inactive [131]
Robert E. Lee Society1898–1918 Birmingham–Southern College Birmingham, Alabama Inactive [aa]
Robert E. V. Rice Society1866 Niagara University Lewiston, New York Inactive [26]
Roosevelt Society2015 University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia Active [51] [54]
Ruthean Society1859 Iowa Wesleyan College Mount Pleasant, Iowa Inactive [148]
St.. Aloysius Philodemics Society1851 Notre Dame University Notre Dame, Indiana Inactive [3] [149]
St. Joseph Literary AssociationSeptember 10, 1866 St. Joseph College New York Inactive [3]
San Jacinto Society1875 Southwestern University Georgetown, Texas Inactive [24]
Scientific Society1866 Wilberforce University Wilberforce, Ohio Inactive [3]
Semicentenary Society1866 Wilberforce University Wilberforce, Ohio Inactive [3]
Sherwood Rhetorical Society1851 Kalamazoo College Kalamazoo, Michigan Inactive [3]
Sigma Phi Epsilon Society1916 Illinois College Jacksonville, Illinois Active [150]
Sigma Pi 1843 Illinois College Jacksonville, Illinois Active [3] [64]
Signet Society 1870 Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Active [151]
Sigournean Society1857 Moores Hill College Evansville, Indiana Inactive [144]
Social Friends Society1783 Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire Inactive [30]
Society for Inquiry1824 Colgate University Hamilton, New York Inactive [26]
Society for Progress in Letters1789–1795 Columbia University New York City, New York Inactive [136]
Society for Religious Inquiry1835 University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont Inactive [26]
Sodalian Society1871 Wilberforce University Wilberforce, Ohio Inactive [3]
Sophirodelphian Society1829–1860s Maryville College Maryville, Tennessee Inactive [21] [f]
Sophronian Society1867 Muhlenberg College Allentown, Pennsylvania Inactive [100]
Sophronikopean Society1859 Missionary Institute PennsylvaniaInactive [3] [ab]
Soverville Society1850 Ohio Female College Cincinnati, Ohio Inactive [3]
Star Society1855 Antioch College Yellow Springs, Ohio Inactive [25]
Star Society1859 Adrian College Adrian, Michigan Inactive [3]
Stephen F. Austin Society1876 Texas A&M University College Station, Texas Inactive [63]
Stonewall Society1866 Baylor College Waco, Texas Inactive [26]
Students Philomathean Society1851 Hartsville College Hartsville, Indiana Inactive [3]
Themian Society1866 Quincy College Quincy, Massachusetts Inactive [3]
Tau Chi Society1840 College of William & Mary Williamsburg, Virginia Inactive [26]
Tau Theta Kappa Society1839–c. 1932 Georgetown College Georgetown, Kentucky Inactive [3]
Thalian Society1839 Oglethorpe University Brookhaven, Georgia Active [126]
Theta Alphea Society1850 Bucknell University Lewisburg, Pennsylvania Inactive [3]
Theta Epsilon1894 Maryville College Maryville, Tennessee Inactive [21]
Transylvania Whig Society1829 Transylvania University Lexington, Kentucky Inactive [152]
Tri Kappa Society1861 University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Inactive [52]
Tripartite Union1848 Lycoming College Williamsport, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Union Literary Society 1809 Washington College Washington, Pennsylvania Inactive [103]
Union Literary Society1830–c. 1917 Hanover College Hanover, Indiana Merged [145] [67] [ac]
Union Literary Society1836 Muskingum College New Concord, Ohio Inactive [3]
Union Literary Society1853 Geneva College Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania Inactive [20]
Union-Philanthropic Society 1789 Hampden–Sydney College Hampden Sydney, Virginia Active [153] [ad]
Union Philosophical Society1789 Dickinson College Carlisle, Pennsylvania Active [44]
Union Philosophical Society1829 Transylvania University Lexington, Kentucky Inactive [154]
Union Society1814 Hamilton College Clinton, New York Inactive [18]
Union Society1851 Waynesburg College Waynesburg, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
United Brothers Society1806–1866 Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Inactive [30] [133]
United Fraternity1786 Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire Inactive [30]
Vesperian Society1870 Rockford College Rockford, Illinois Inactive [26]
Wayland Society1870 Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Inactive [3]
Washington Debating Societyc. 1845 – October 10, 1846 Richmond College Richmond, Virginia Inactive [81] [k]
Washington Literary Society 1814 Washington College Washington, Pennsylvania Inactive [103]
Washington Literary Society andDebating Union 1831–1861, 1865–1929, 1979 University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia Active [155] [ae]
Washington Society1854 Bethel College Russellville, Kentucky Inactive [3]
Webster Society1853 Franklin College Franklin, Indiana Inactive [125]
Webster Society1859 University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Inactive [3]
Whig Society1834–1839 Hanover College Hanover, Indiana Merged [67] [af]
Whitby1913–1928 University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Inactive [35]
Zelosophic Society1829 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Inactive [26]
Zenobian SocietyDecember 9, 1869 – June 10, 1970 University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota Inactive [3] [156]
Zetelethean1880–1917 Hanover College Hanover, Indiana Inactive [67] [i]
Zetagathea Society1845 Ohio Wesleyan University Delaware, Ohio Inactive [3]
Zetalethean Society1867 Simpson College Indianola, Iowa Inactive [3]
Zetagathian Society1861–1933 University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Inactive [157]

United States women's literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding date

and range

InstitutionLocationStatusReferences
Alpha Clionian1872 Geneseo Normal School Geneseo, New York Active [2] [4] [ag]
Clever Girls Society1844 Albion College Albion, Michigan Inactive [77]
Corinnean Society Ouachita Baptist University Arkadelphia, Arkansas Inactive [38]
Curious Literary Society1855 Milwaukee Female College Milwaukee, Wisconsin Inactive [3] [158]
Euphrosynean Literary Society1892 Newberry College Newberry, South Carolina Inactive [159]
Euphrosynean Society1924 University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina Active [75]
Franklin Literary Society1822–1921 Randolph–Macon College Ashland, Virginia Inactive [160] [161] [ah]
Hypatian Society1915–1970s University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina Inactive [75]
Jefferson Literary Society1902–1921 Randolph–Macon College Ashland, Virginia Inactive [161] [ai]
Ladies' Literary Society1834 Oberlin College Oberlin, Ohio Inactive [87]
Ladies Literary Society1852 Milton College Milton, Wisconsin Inactive [3]
Ladies Literary Union1857 Hillsdale College Hillsdale, Michigan Inactive [3]
Kappa Iota Literary SocietyOctober 12, 1921 – 1950 Alma College Alma, Michigan Inactive [162] [aj]
The Philaletheis Society 1865 Vassar College Poughkeepsie, New York Active [3] [163] [ak]
Philomathean1891 Henderson State University Arkadelphia, Arkansas Inactive [38]
Polymnian Society Ouachita Baptist University Arkadelphia, Arkansas Inactive [38]
Upsilon Phi Literary Society Henderson State University Arkadelphia, Arkansas Inactive [38]
Washington Literary Society1833–1899, 1940s Randolph–Macon College Ashland, Virginia Active [161] [164]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This female group was absorbed by the Queens Debating Union when it became co-ed.
  2. ↑ Originally called the Dialectic Society of Queen's College.
  3. ↑ Formed as the Literary and Scientific Society.
  4. ↑ The society became a chapter of Theta Pi Fraternity.
  5. ↑ Became Alpha Sigma, also a literary society, in 1882.
  6. 1 2 3 This society ceased operations due to the Civil War and was not re-established.
  7. ↑ Also called Phi Epsilon Mu.
  8. ↑ Formed by students who split off from the Stephen F. Austin Literary Society.
  9. 1 2 The society discontinued its meetings during World War I so that its members could volunteer for the Red Cross. However, it did not reform after the war.
  10. 1 2 Formed when the Franklin Literary Society dissolved.
  11. 1 2 3 In the fall semester of 1846, the Columbian Debating Society and the Washington Debating Society formed a temporary alliance as Mu Sigma Rho. The merger as Mu Sigma Rho Literary Society became official in February 1847.
  12. ↑ Chapter closed briefly when all of its original members left college.
  13. ↑ Absorbed by the Clariosophic Society when Southern University and Birmingham College merged to form Birmingham-Southern College in 1918.
  14. ↑ Formed from a division of Phi Gamma Society
  15. ↑ Became the Alpha Omega chapter of Phi Kappa Tau fraternity in 1942.
  16. ↑ Last documented public meeting was held in May 1887 as a coeducational society. A fraternity later claimed to be the "custodian" of this society and said it carries out private literary exercises within one fraternity house.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Phi Beta Kappa was only a private literary society until ca. 1831.
  18. ↑ Formed from the merger of the Philalathean Society and the Union Literary Society.
  19. ↑ Merged with Union Philosophical Society.
  20. ↑ Formed by seven former members of the Mu Sigma Rho Society.
  21. ↑ The society became Phi Mu Delta in 1857.
  22. ↑ This formed from the merger of the Philosophronian and the Whig Societies. It was originally called the Zelomathean but changed its name after one week. The society stopped meeting during World War I. After the war, it merged with the Union Literary Society to form the Philal-Union Society.
  23. ↑ This was an organization for women.
  24. ↑ The society changed its name to Phi Lambda Omicron in 1924 after its mission shifted to being a social sorority.
  25. ↑ When student enrollment decline, it merged with the Whig Society to form the Philalathean Society.
  26. ↑ Now considered a secret society.
  27. ↑ Absorbed by the Belles Lettres Society when Southern University and Birmingham College merged to form Birmingham-Southern College in 1918.
  28. ↑ Named changed to Clionian Society in 1866.
  29. ↑ The society stopped meeting during World War I. After the war, it merged with the Philalathean Society to form the Philal-Union Society.
  30. ↑ Originally was called the Union Philosophical Society.
  31. ↑ The society went dormant during the Civil War and after the 1929 Stock Market crash.
  32. ↑ Formed as Chrestomathean but its name was changed shortly afterward. When student enrollment declined, it merged with the Philosophronian Society to form the Philalathean Society.
  33. ↑ Was formed as a literary society. Around 1902, it became a traditional sorority with the Greek letters Phi Kappa Pi but still uses the name Alpha Clio.
  34. ↑ The Franklin Debating Society is a modern group that is active on campus as of 2023.
  35. ↑ Formed by members of the Franklin Literary Society to create competition after the Washington Literary Society ceased to exist.
  36. ↑ In 1950, the society changed its mission from academic to a social sorority and changed its name to Kappa Iota.
  37. ↑ Originally called Philalethean Society

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State University of New York at Oswego</span> Public college in Oswego, New York, US

State University of New York at Oswego is a public university in Oswego, New York. It has a total student population of 6,756 and the campus size is 700 acres.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpha Sigma Phi</span> North American collegiate fraternity

Alpha Sigma Phi (ΑΣΦ), commonly known as Alpha Sig, is an intercollegiate men's social fraternity with 181 active chapters and provisional chapters. Founded at Yale in 1845, it is the 10th oldest Greek letter fraternity in the United States.

Dartmouth College is host to many fraternities and sororities, and a significant percentage of the undergraduate student body is active in Greek life. In the fall of 2022, 35 percent of male students belong to a fraternity and 36 percent of students belong to a sorority. Greek organizations at Dartmouth provide both social and residential opportunities for students and are the only single-sex residential option on campus. Greek organizations at Dartmouth do not provide dining options, as regular meal service has been banned in Greek houses since 1909.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wolf's Head Society</span> Secret society based at Yale University, New Haven

Wolf's Head Society is a senior secret society at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. The society is one of the "Big Three" societies at Yale, along with Skull and Bones and Scroll and Key. Active undergraduate membership is elected annually with sixteen Yale University students, typically rising seniors. Honorary members are elected.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honor society</span> An organization that recognizes excellence

In the United States, an honor society is an organization that recognizes individuals who rank above a set standard in various domains such as academics, leadership, and other personal achievements, not all of which are based on ranking systems. These societies acknowledge excellence among peers in diverse fields and circumstances. The Order of the Arrow, for example, is the National Honor Society of the Boy Scouts of America. While the term commonly refers to scholastic honor societies, which primarily acknowledge students who excel academically or as leaders among their peers, it also applies to other types of societies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delta Phi</span> American collegiate fraternity

Delta Phi (ΔΦ) is a fraternal society established in Schenectady, New York, on November 17, 1827. Its first chapter was founded at Union College, and was the third and final member of the Union Triad. In 1879, William Raimond Baird's American College Fraternities characterized the fraternity's membership as being largely drawn from the old Knickerbocker families of New York and New Jersey.

Professional fraternities, in the North American fraternity system, are organizations whose primary purpose is to promote the interests of a particular profession and whose membership is restricted to students in that particular field of professional education or study. This may be contrasted with service fraternities and sororities, whose primary purpose is community service, and social fraternities and sororities, whose primary purposes are generally aimed towards some other aspect, such as the development of character, friendship, leadership, or literary ability.

Cultural interest fraternities and sororities, in the North American student fraternity and sorority system, refer to general, social organizations oriented to students having a special interest in a culture or cultural identity.

The Mother of Fraternities usually refers to Union College in Schenectady, New York, U.S., or Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, U.S, both of which founded many early collegiate fraternities.

There are many collegiate secret societies in North America. They vary greatly in their level of secrecy and the degree of independence from their universities. A collegiate secret society makes a significant effort to keep affairs, membership rolls, signs of recognition, initiation, or other aspects secret from the public.

The North American fraternity and sorority system began with students who wanted to meet secretly, usually for discussions and debates not thought appropriate by the faculty of their schools. Today they are used as social, professional, and honorary groups that promote varied combinations of community service, leadership, and academic achievement.

College literary societies in American higher education are a particular kind of social organization, distinct from literary societies generally, and they were often the precursors of college fraternities and sororities. In the period from the late 18th century to the Civil War, collegiate literary societies were an important part of campus social life. These societies are often called Latin literary societies because they typically have compound Latinate names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calliopean Society</span> Literary fraternity at Yale University, US

The Calliopean Society, also known as the Fraternity of Phi Epsilon Mu, is a literary and debating society at Yale College founded in 1819, disbanded in 1853, and revived in 1950. Its name refers to Calliope, chief of the muses and muse of epic poetry, daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne (memory).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Virginia fraternities and sororities</span> American Greek life system

Fraternities and sororities at the University of Virginia include the collegiate organizations on the grounds of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. First founded in the 1850s with the establishment of several fraternities, the system has since expanded to include sororities, professional organizations, service fraternities, honor fraternities, and cultural organizations. Fraternities and sororities have been significant to the history of the University of Virginia, including the founding of two national fraternities Kappa Sigma (ΚΣ) and Pi Kappa Alpha (ΠΚΑ).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phi Delta Gamma (professional)</span> American forensics fraternity (1924–1935)

Phi Delta Gamma (ΦΔΓ) was an American professional fraternity in the field of forensics. It merged into Tau Kappa Alpha in 1935.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "History". Queen's Debating Union. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  2. 1 2 "History". UC Lit. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 Seeley, I. C. Manual of College Literary Societies with Statistical Table. Kalamazoo: Chaplin & Ihling Bro's Book and Job Printers, 1871, pp. 19-135. via Google Books.
  4. 1 2 "English Literary Society | SRCC". www.srcc.edu. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  5. ↑ "English Literary Society – Guru Nanak Khalsa College for Women" . Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  6. ↑ "English Literary Society". St.Joseph College. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  7. ↑ "The English Literary Society". St. Stephen's College, Delhi. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  8. ↑ "Societies - Lit & Deb". University of Galway. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  9. ↑ "English & Literary Society". University College Dublin Student Societies. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  10. ↑ "The English Society". St John's College, University of Cambridge. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  11. ↑ "Societies - School of Arts, Languages and Cultures". The University of Manchester. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  12. ↑ "Celebrating literary successes". St Catharine's College, Cambridge. July 27, 2022. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  13. ↑ McGlothlin, W. J., Baptist Beginnings in Education: a History of Furman University, (Nashville: Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Church, 1926), p. 115.
  14. ↑ Wilde, Arthur Herbert, Northwestern University, a History, 1855 - 1905, (New York: University Publishing Society, 1905), III, 31, 49.
  15. ↑ Calkins, Earnest Elmo, They Broke the Prairie; Being an Account of the Settlement of the Upper Mississippi Valley by Religious and Educational Pioneers, Told in Terms of One City, Galesburg, and of One College, Knox, (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1937), pg+N167s. 131-32.
  16. 1 2 Howard College Bulletin, XXXV (October, 1927), p. 22.
  17. 1 2 Velez, Philip V. (2023). Chronicle of the Delphic Fraternity Gamma Sigma Tau: Over 150 Years of Brotherhood, More than 185 Years of History (Sesquicentennial ed.). The Delphic Fraternity, Inc. pp. 11–12. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Storie, Catherine Penniman. "The American College Society Library and the College Library," College and Research Libraries, VI (June 1945), pp. 242-47.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 Potter, David. "The Literary Society", History of Speech Education in America; Background Studies. Karl R. Wallace, editor. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1954, p. 241
  20. 1 2 3 4 Downie, James Vale, "Old Literary Societies," Geneva Alumnus, July, 195, pp. 4-5.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Wilson, Samuel Tyndale. Century of Maryville College 1818–1918: A Story of Altruism. Maryville, Tennessee: The Directors of Marville College/J.J. Little & Ives Company, 1916. p. 199-200. via Wikimedia Commons.
  22. ↑ The Record of Phi Kappa Psi - A Short History of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity by Guy Morrison Walker, 1906
  23. 1 2 3 Gatke, Robert Moulton, Chronicles of Willamette, the Pioneer University of the West, (Portland, Oregon: Binfords & Mort, 1943), p. 179.
  24. 1 2 3 4 "The establishment of Southwestern University". Impactnews.com. 2008-06-13. Archived from the original on 2010-04-24. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  25. 1 2 3 Lyle, Guy R., "College Literary Societies in the Fifties," Library Quarterly, IV, (July 1934), pp. 488-489.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Harding, Thomas S. College Literary Societies: Their Contribution to Higher Education in the United States, 1815-1876. New York: Pageant Press International,1971. ISBN   9780818102028
  27. 1 2 Stein, John H., "The Development of the Hiram College Library from the Literary Society Libraries Which Formed its Nucleus," (unpublished Masters' thesis, Kent State University, 1950), pp. 23-31.
  28. ↑ "Alpha Omega Delta". Bob Jones University Vintage. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  29. ↑ Lundell, Amy. "Lamar Memorial Library: Insight Into the Past Exhibit: Alpha Sigma". library.maryvillecollege.edu. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Potter, David. Debating in the Colonial Chartered Colleges; an Historical Survey, 1642 to 1900. New York: Teacher's College, Columbia University, 1944, pp. 67-70.
  31. ↑ "The American Whig-Cliosophic Society".
  32. ↑ Seeley, I. C. Manual of College Literary Societies with Statistical Table. Kalamazoo: Chaplin & Ihling Bro's Book and Job Printers, 1871, p. 15. via Google Books.
  33. 1 2 3 Gardiner, Gordon P., History of the Beltionian Literary Association, (Wheaton: Wheaton College, 1936), pp. 11-13.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Blevins, Brooks (2003). Lyon College, 1872-2002: the perseverance and promise of an Arkansas college. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. ISBN   1557287422.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hevel, Michael (2011). "Public Displays of Student Learning: The Role of Literary Societies in Early Iowa Higher Education". The Annals of Iowa. 70 (1): 1–35. doi: 10.17077/0003-4827.1502 .
  36. 1 2 3 General Catalogue of Bowdoin College and the Medical School of Maine: A Biographical Record of Alumni and Officers, 1794-1950 (Sesquicentennial ed.). Brunswick, Maine: Bowdoin College. 1950. p. v – via Bowdoin Digital Commons.
  37. 1 2 Eclectic and Atheniaedes Societies, Catalogue of the Officers, Members, and Library of the Eclectic and Atheniaedes Societies of Albion College, Together with the Constitutions and By-laws, (Albion: F. F. Cole, 1877), p. 3.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Gamma Sigma Literary Society Records | Guides and Finding Aids". Ouachita Baptist University Scholarly Commons. 2015. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  39. 1 2 3 "Records of the Peithessophian Society of Rutgers College, 1825-1927 (RG 48/A1/01)". Rutgers University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University Libraries. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  40. 1 2 3 Woodburn, James Albert. History of Indiana University. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1940. I, 24, 77.
  41. ↑ Curti, Merle, and Carstensen, Vernon, The University of Wisconsin, 1848 - 1925, a History, (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1949), I, 423-424.
  42. ↑ First quarto-centennial history of ... - Google Books. 2007-01-12. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  43. ↑ "Excerpts from "Normal Magazine" - March 1907". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  44. 1 2 Morgan, James Henry. Dickinson College: the History of One Hundred and Fifty Years, 1783-1933. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College, 1933. p. 401. via Dickinson College Archives & Special Collections, accessed July 20, 2023.
  45. ↑ "Dickinson College - Campus Life". Dickinson.edu. Archived from the original on 2007-12-23. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  46. ↑ Winters-Fazio, Kelly. "Belles Lettres". Dickinson College. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  47. ↑ Watson, Elmo Scott. Illinois Wesleyan Story, 1850 - 1950. Bloomington, Ill.: Illinois Wesleyan University Press, 1950, pp. 38, 62, and 68.
  48. 1 2 Waters, Mary, First Hundred Years of MacMurray College, (Springfield, Illinois: Williamson Printing & Publishing Co., 1947), pp. 102-103.
  49. 1 2 Perry, Wilbur Dow, History of Birmingham-Southern College, 1856 - 1931, (Methodist Publishing House, 1931), pp. 16-17.
  50. 1 2 Batesel, Paul. "Southern University". Lost Colleges. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  51. 1 2 3 Chellman, Jack (November 15, 2017). "UVa needs literary societies more than ever". The Cavalier Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
  52. 1 2 University of Chicago, Index Universitatis, Vol. I, No. 1, March 1862.
  53. 1 2 3 Havemeyer, Loomis. (January 1961) Yale's Extracurricular & .Social Organizations, 1780-1960. Yale University. p. 5-6. via ElisScholar. Accessed October 21, 2024.
  54. 1 2 3 "How to Get Involved Politically at UVA". Humans of University. 2019-07-22. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  55. ↑ "About". The Burke Society at UVA. 2010-11-04. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  56. 1 2 Wallace, David Duncan, History of Wofford College, 1854 - 1949, (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press), p. 79.
  57. 1 2 3 Spring Hill College, Mobile, Alabama, 1830-1905, (Mobile, Alabama: Commercial printing Company, 1906), p. 128.
  58. ↑ "Philomathean Society - History". Vu.union.edu. Archived from the original on 1998-06-14. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  59. ↑ "Collection: Calliopean Society, Yale College, records". Archives at Yale. Yale University. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  60. ↑ Yale University Calliopean Society (1846). Catalogue of the Library of the Calliopean Society, Yale College. New Haven: B. L. Hamlen – via Google Books.
  61. 1 2 Callipoean Society, Emory and Henry College, Catalogue of the Library of the Calliopean Society of Emory and Henry College, (Wytheville, Virginia: D. A. St. Clair, 1872), passim; Hermesian Society, Emory and Henry College, 1872Catalogue of the Library of the Calliopean Society of Emory and Henry College, (Bristol, Virginia: Bristol News Book and Job Office, 1872), passim.
  62. 1 2 "Brief History of The Citadel". Citadel.edu. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  63. 1 2 Drisker, Tiarra (May 16, 2023). "Blast From the Past: 10 Student Orgs of Yesteryear". Texas A&M Foundation. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  64. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Illinois College - Student Activities - Literary Societies". Archived from the original on 2009-07-25. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  65. 1 2 White, Moses, Early History of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville: By Order of the Board of Trustees, 1879), pp. 32-33.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 Havemeyer, Loomis. (January 1961) Yale's Extracurricular & .Social Organizations, 1780-1960. Yale University. p. 3 and 7. via ElisScholar. Accessed October 21, 2024.
  67. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Austgen, Suzanne M. "A History of Literary Societies at Hanover College". Hanover College. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  68. ↑ "Chrestomathy". Cofc.edu. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  69. 1 2 "Student Organizations: Enosinian Society | The GW and Foggy Bottom Historical Encyclopedia". Special Collections Research Center Gelman Library. 2010-06-13. Archived from the original on June 13, 2010. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  70. 1 2 3 Dayton, Bill (October 27, 1967). "Revived Literary Society to Rival Ciceronians" (PDF). Mercer Cluster. Vol. XLIX, no. 5. p. 1. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  71. 1 2 Rose, Richard M. "Diverging Paths: The Emergence of Secret Societies In Antebellum Georgia Colleges." The Georgia Historical Quarterly 70, no. 1 (1986): 49-50. via JSTOR, accessed September 8, 2023.
  72. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reynolds, John Hugh; Thomas, David Yancey (1910). History of the University of Arkansas. University of Arkansas.
  73. ↑ "About Us". The Clariosophic Literary Society. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  74. ↑ "Clariosophic Literary Society Records of the University of South Carolina, 1806-1983". Digital Collections, University of South Carolina Libraries. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  75. 1 2 3 4 A Women's Right (PDF). Columbia, South Carolina: McKissick Museum. 2020. p. 23.
  76. ↑ Bell, Ashley (2008-02-08). "A Look at the Greek Scene on Campus". The Trinity TriBlog. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  77. 1 2 Erosophian Society, Catalogue of the Officers, Members, Graduates, and Library of the Erosophian Society of Albion College, (Albion: Cole's Steam Printing House, 1879), p. 3.
  78. ↑ Walton, William Clarance, Centennial McKendree College with St. Clair County History, (Lebanon, Ill.: McKendree, 1928), pp. 310-312.
  79. 1 2 "Social Activities on Lexington Avenue | Upton Sinclair, Class of 1897" . Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  80. 1 2 3 Easterly, James Harold, History of the College of Charleston, Founded 1770, Charleston, S.C., 1935. pp. 82-83 and 137-138.
  81. 1 2 3 4 Barlow, W. H. (April 1916). "The Philologian Literary Society". The Messenger. 42 (7). Richmond College: 401. Retrieved September 8, 2023– via Richmond University.
  82. ↑ The Daedalian Literary Society at Indiana State became Delta Lambda Sigma in 1923; Delta Lambda Sigma affiliated with Lambda Chi Alpha in 1952. http://cougar.indstate.edu/u?/isuarchive,6581%5B‍%5D
  83. 1 2 3 Wilde, Arthur Herbert, Northwestern University, a History, 1855 - 1905, (New York: University Publishing Society, 1905), III, 31, 49.
  84. ↑ "A memorial.: The reunion of the Delphic literary society, of Hiram College, 1854-1875". Quod.lib.umich.edu. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  85. ↑ The Normalian (1915), SUNY Geneseo Yearbook, p. 57.
  86. ↑ "About Us". Demosthenian Literary Society. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  87. 1 2 3 Fletcher, Robert Samuel, A History of Oberlin College from its Foundation Through the Civil War, (Oberlin, Ohio: Oberlin College, 1943), II, p. 761.
  88. ↑ Hahamy, Madison (2020-02-21). "Living with the Lizzie". Yale Daily News. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  89. 1 2 "Student Organizations: Enosinian Society" . Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  90. ↑ "Mission & History". GWU Debate & Literary Society. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  91. 1 2 Havighurst, Walter (1984). The Miami Years. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 73–89.
  92. 1 2 Wolfe, Suzanne Rau (1983). The University of Alabama: A Pictorial History. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. ISBN   0-8173-0119-4.
  93. 1 2 Porterfield, Katie (April 13, 2006). "Campus life: 'Secret societies' became fraternities". The Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  94. 1 2 "Heidelberg University. Societies". Heidelberg.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-10-10. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  95. 1 2 Seeley, I. C. Manual of College Literary Societies with Statistical Table. Kalamazoo: Chaplin & Ihling Bro's Book and Job Printers, 1871, p. 17. via Google Books.
  96. 1 2 Sheldon, Henry D., The University of Oregon Library, 1882 - 1942, ("Studies in Bibliography, no. 1"; Eugene: University of Oregon Library, 1942), p. 3.
  97. 1 2 "Literary Societies". Library.davidson.edu. Archived from the original on 2006-09-09. Retrieved 2010-09-05. Heidi J. Lewis, Jurisprudence at Davidson College Before the Civil War.
  98. ↑ "Euphemian Literary Society". Euphemian.org. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  99. 1 2 Osborne, James inslInsleyd Gronert, Theodore Gregory, Wabash College: the First Hundred Years, 1832-1932, (Crawfordsville, Indiana: R. E. Banta, 1932), p. 103.
  100. 1 2 davi Davidsonhn S., "Literary Society Libraries at Muhlenberg College," College and Research Libraries, XVII, (April 1955), p. 184.
  101. 1 2 Paschal, George Washington, History of Wake Forest College, (Wake Forest, N. C.: Wake Forest College, 1935), I, p. 490.
  102. ↑ "Student Debates: Few Society". Emory Report Techniques. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  103. 1 2 3 4 McClelland, W.C. (1903). "A History of Literary Societies at Washington & Jefferson College". The Centennial Celebration of the Chartering of Jefferson College in 1802. Philadelphia: George H. Buchanan and Company. pp. 111–132 – via Google Books.
  104. 1 2 McGlothlin, W. J., Baptist Beginnings in Education: a History of Furman University, (Nashville: Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Church, 1926), p. 115.
  105. ↑ "Encyclopedia Brunoniana | Franklin Society". Brown.edu. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  106. 1 2 Velez, Philip V. (2023). Chronicle of the Delphic Fraternity Gamma Sigma Tau: Over 150 Years of Brotherhood, More than 185 Years of History (PDF) (Sesquicentennial ed.). The Delphic Fraternity, Inc. pp. 9–10. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  107. ↑ Hamline Literary Society, Regular Open Session of the Hamline Literary Society at University Chapel, Friday evening, June 2nd, 1876.
  108. ↑ Ole Miss (Yearbook). Oxford, Mississippi: University of Mississippi. 1916. p. 176 – via Internet Archive.
  109. ↑ "College Class of 1811: Students". University Archives and Records Center. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  110. 1 2 LaGrange Female College, Catalog of the Faculty, Pupils, and Patrons of the LaGrange Female College, at LaGrange, Ga., for the Scholastic Year Closing July 13th, 1853, (New York: John F. Trow, Printer, 1853), pp. 21-22.
  111. ↑ F.E. Moyer, "Cornell Student Activities," ''Cornell Magazine''. 8:4 (January 1895) p. 192.
  112. ↑ "Jefferson Society". Jefferson Society. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  113. 1 2 Viccellio, Robert. "Wrapped in Mystery: A guide to secret—and not-so-secret—student organizations at UVA". Virginia Magazine. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  114. ↑ DArms, Cecila R.; Hong, Sarah J. (December 13, 2017). "Duels, Drinks, Debates: Inside the John Adams Society". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  115. ↑ "Illinois Soldiers College, 1866-1873". Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  116. ↑ Bent, Charles, ed. (1877). History of Whiteside County, Illinois: From Its First Settlement to the Present Time; with Numerous Biographical and Family Sketches. Morrison, Illinois: L. P. Allen, Printer and Binder. pp. 178–179. ISBN   978-0-608-35723-2 – via Google Books.
  117. ↑ Cordell, E. F., University of Maryland (1807-1907), (New York: Lewis Publishing Company, 1907), I, p. 475.
  118. ↑ "Department of English - Organizations". Winthrop University. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  119. 1 2 Smith, Leland R., The Early Days of the Pythonian Society, MS, p. 1.
  120. ↑ Allen, B. D. "The Mu Sigma Rho Literary Society". The Messenger. 42 (7): 408 and 410. Retrieved September 8, 2023– via Richmond University.
  121. 1 2 Parker, Wyman W., "The College Reading of a President", Library Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 4 (April, 191) p. 107. via The University of Chicago Press Journals.
  122. 1 2 "Club Scene". Kenyon Alumni Magazine (Winter). 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  123. ↑ Carson, Jane. James Innes and His Brothers of the F.H.C. Charlottesville, Virginia: The University Press of Virginia, 1965.
  124. ↑ "The Psychedelic '60s: Literary Tradition and Social Change". University of Virginia Library Online Exhibits. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  125. 1 2 3 4 Cady, John F., Centennial History of Franklin College, (Franklin: Franklin College of Indiana, 1934), p. 128.
  126. 1 2 Tankersley, Allen P., College Life at Old Oglethorpe, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1951), pp. 45-46.
  127. ↑ "News - Phi Kappa Literary Society at UGA, The University of Georgia". Phikappa.org. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  128. ↑ Marion, Andrew (2018-04-12). "Enslaved Laborers and The Phi Sigma Society". University of Mississippi Slavery Research Group. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  129. ↑ "New Philaletheans' Entertainment is a Surprise Party". The Echo. October 23, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  130. ↑ "Philalethean Society". Heidelberg University. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  131. 1 2 Seeley, I. C. Manual of College Literary Societies with Statistical Table. Kalamazoo: Chaplin & Ihling Bro's Book and Job Printers, 1871, p. 16. via Google Books.
  132. ↑ "UPLS History | Union-Philanthropic Society". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved 2023-07-19.
  133. 1 2 Mitchell, Martha. "Philermenian Society". Encyclopedia Brunoniana. Brown University. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  134. ↑ "Philodemic Society – Georgetown's Premier Debate Society". 2022-02-02. Archived from the original on 2022-02-02. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  135. ↑ Agar, John (2022-03-03). "Where Did the Philodemic Society Go Wrong?". The Georgetown Review. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  136. 1 2 "Philowixian - The Philolexian Society". Columbia.edu. 2009-11-25. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  137. ↑ Barlow, W. H. (April 1916). "The Philologian Literary Society". The Messenger. Richmond College. 42 (7): 402 and 406. Retrieved September 8, 2023 – via Richmond University.
  138. ↑ "CN Philo History". Carson-Newman Philos. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  139. ↑ Zarrillo, John (May 2018). "Guide to the Records of the Philomathean Society". New York University Libraries. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  140. ↑ Philalethean Society, Records, MS, I, Oct 30 & Nov. 5, 1840.
  141. ↑ Ware, Lowry (1997), A Place Called Due West, The Home of Erskine College, R.L. Bryan Co. p. 42
  142. ↑ "Philomathean Society (Pacific University) Records - Archives West". Archives West Orbis Cascade Alliance. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  143. ↑ "Philomathean Society". Vu.union.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  144. 1 2 3 Warneke, Omer E., "A History of Moores Hill College", (unpublished Master's thesis, College of Education, Butler University, 1942), pp. 121-122.
  145. 1 2 Hanover College, The Crow, 1890-91, (Hanover, Indiana), p. 59.
  146. ↑ Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636 - 1936. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1936.
  147. ↑ "Schools in Lauramie Townships". TIPCOA Newsletter (3). Winter 2010 – via Roots Web.
  148. ↑ Ruthean Literary Society, Eighteenth Anniversary of theRuthean Literary Society, Union Hall, Friday Evening, June 15th, 1877.
  149. ↑ Catalogue of the Officers and Students of the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, for the Academic Year 1857-8 (PDF). South Bend, Indiana: The Register Office. 1857. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 26, 2020 – via Internet Archive.
  150. ↑ "Illinois College-Sigma Phi Epsilon". .ic.edu. Archived from the original on 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  151. ↑ "The Signet Society". The Signet Society. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  152. ↑ Transylvania Whig Society, Records, May 11, 1829 - July 25, 1834, MC, May 11, 1829.
  153. ↑ "UPLS - Home". People.hsc.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-07-09. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  154. ↑ Union Philosophical Society, Records, May 11, 1829 - July 25, 1834, MC, May 11, 1829.
  155. ↑ "Our History". The Washington Society. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  156. ↑ "Collection: Zenobian Society records | University of Minnesota Archival Collections Guides". University of Minnesota Archives. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  157. ↑ Zetagathian Society, Constitution, By-laws, and History of the Zetagathian Society, S. U. I., (1908).
  158. ↑ "Milwaukee-Downer College and Seminary". Encyclopedia of Milwaukee. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  159. ↑ "Sororities at Newberry College". College Aftermath. 2023-04-24. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  160. ↑ "Franklin Debating Society". Randolph-Macon College. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  161. 1 2 3 Cornelius, Roberta D. (2012-01-01). The History of Randolph-Macon Woman's College: From the Founding in 1891 Through the Year of 1949-1950. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN   978-0-8078-6968-0 – via Google Books.
  162. ↑ "Home". Kappa Iota Sorority. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  163. ↑ Lorenzsonn, Erik (January 18, 2011). "From informal beginnings, Vassar theater takes off". The Miscellany News . Retrieved July 16, 2014.
  164. ↑ "Washington Literary Society". Randolph-Macon College. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.