A mass shooting is a violent crime in which one or more attackers kill or injure multiple individuals simultaneously using a firearm. Mass shootings have been documented using a variety of methods, including via body cameras and closed-circuit television cameras (CCTV). [1] Filmed mass shootings have been controversial due to their content, availability, and ability to quickly spread across social media platforms. [2] [3] [4] In response to this, several governments, most notably New Zealand in the aftermath of the Christchurch mosque shootings, [5] [6] have outlawed the distribution of filmed mass shootings. Livestreaming has notably been a way for mass shooters to gain public attention, and several notable mass shootings were livstreamed, either through webcams or body-worn cameras. [7] Livestreaming has also been shown to inspire copycats for several reasons. [8] [9]
Image [note 1] | Date | Year | Location | Fatalities | Injuries | Total | Device | Summary | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
August 1 | 1966 | Austin, Texas | 18 [note 2] | 31 | 49 | News cameras | University of Texas tower shooting: A man murdered his wife and mother before entering his university where he killed three and wounded two inside. He then perched himself on top of the university and opened fire on the people below, killing a further twelve and injuring twenty-nine before being shot dead by police. The shooting on top of the tower was caught on live television by journalists recording on the ground. | [10] [11] [12] [13] | |
February 28 | 1997 | North Hollywood, Los Angeles, California | 2 [note 2] | 20 | 22 | Cameras on helicopters, news cameras | North Hollywood shootout: Two heavily armed bank robbers opened fire on LAPD units following a botched robbery of the North Hollywood branch of Bank of America, injuring 12 police officers and 8 civilians. One of the bank robbers committed suicide and the other one bled to death after being incapacitated by the police. A large portion of the 44-minute shootout was captured by cameras on police and news helicopters and also by news crews on the ground. | [14] [15] | |
March 11 | 1997 | Detroit, Michigan | 4 [note 2] | 2 | 6 | CCTV | 1997 Detroit shootings: A man shot and killed three people with a shotgun, before being killed by police. The shooting spree was captured on at least one security camera. | [16] [17] [18] [19] | |
April 20 | 1999 | Columbine, Colorado | 15 [note 2] | 24 | 39 | CCTV | Columbine High School massacre: Two students opened fire on their classmates and staff, killing 13 before committing suicide. Brief portions of the shooting were captured on the school's security camera system. | [20] [21] [22] | |
March 21 | 2005 | Red Lake, Minnesota | 10 [note 2] | 5-9 | 15-19 | CCTV | Red Lake Shootings: One former student kills 2 people at home before opening fire on their classmates and staff, killing 7 more before committing suicide. Some parts of the shooting were filmed on the school's security camera system and never released. | [23] [24] | |
October 10 | 2007 | Cleveland, Ohio | 1 [note 2] | 5 | 6 | CCTV | 2007 SuccessTech Academy shooting: A freshman opened fire on students and staff, injuring five before committing suicide. The shooting was captured on the school's internal security camera system. | [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] | |
March 11 | 2009 | Winnenden, Germany | 16 [note 2] | 9 | 25 | Bystander Camera | Winnenden school shooting: A former student kills 12 and wounds 7 at his former school. Before rampaging around, killing 3 and wounding 2 more before dying in a police standoff. The shooters final moments were filmed by a bystander. | [30] [31] | |
May 20 | 2010 | West Memphis, Arkansas | 4 [note 2] | 2 | 6 | Police body camera (used by responding officers) | 2010 West Memphis police shootings: Two men fatally wounded two police officers before being killed. The shooting was captured on body cameras worn by officers who were responding to the attack. | [32] [33] [34] | |
January 8 | 2011 | Tucson, Arizona | 6 | 15 [note 2] | 21 | CCTV | 2011 Tucson shooting: A man attempted to assassinate politician Gabby Giffords, and fatally shot five people while carrying out the attack. Portions of the shooting were captured on the security cameras positioned outside of a nearby store, and the footage was never released to the public. | [35] [36] | |
August 24 | 2012 | New York City, New York | 2 [note 2] | 9 | 11 | CCTV | 2012 Empire State Building shooting: A man shot and killed a former co-worker before being killed by police. The shooting was captured on a security camera located outside of the Empire State Building. | [37] [38] | |
November 7 | 2012 | Moscow, Russia | 6 | 1 | 7 | CCTV | 2012 Moscow shooting: A man armed with a semi-automatic shotgun entered a warehouse and shot at staff, killing six. Security cameras located in the building showed the attacker roaming the halls of the warehouse. | [39] [40] [41] [42] | |
December 11 | 2012 | Clackamas, Oregon | 3 [note 2] | 1 | 4 | CCTV | Clackamas Town Center shooting: A man armed with an assault rifle entered a shopping center and shot at storegoers, fatally wounding two before committing suicide. The entire shooting was documented on the shopping center's CCTV system. | [43] [43] [44] [45] | |
September 21–24 | 2013 | Nairobi, Kenya | 71 [note 2] | 163 | 234 | CCTV | Westgate shopping mall attack: Four Al-Shabaab militants, armed with assault rifles, opened fire on shoppers at a mall, resulting in the deaths of 71, including all of the attackers. The shooting was widely documented on security cameras, and footage of the attack was widely circulated. | [46] [47] | |
September 16 | 2013 | Washington, D.C. | 13 [note 2] | 8 | 21 | CCTV | Washington Navy Yard shooting: An employee opened fire on his fellow staff, murdering twelve and injuring eight others before being shot and killed by police. The attacker was captured driving into a garage shortly before the shooting, and the attack itself was documented on the building's security camera system. | [48] [49] [50] [51] | |
May 23 | 2014 | Isla Vista, California | 7 [note 3] | 14 [note 4] | 21 | CCTV | 2014 Isla Vista killings: A former college student fatally stabbed his two roommates and their friend before going on a shooting and vehicle ramming spree, killing three more people by gunfire before committing suicide by shooting himself in the head. CCTV footage caught the man shooting into a pizza restaurant and delicatessen as people ran for cover. | [52] [53] [54] | |
January 7 | 2015 | Paris, France | 12 | 11 | 23 | CCTV, Bystander video | Charlie Hebdo shooting: Two Islamic terrorists associated with Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula opened fire on staff at a newspaper building, fatally shooting 12. The attack was widely documented by security cameras located on the streets of Paris and by bystanders, who recorded the attack from balconies. | [46] [47] [55] [56] | |
June 17 | 2015 | Charleston, South Carolina | 9 | 1 | 10 | CCTV | Charleston church shooting: A man walked into a church and shot at worshippers, killing 9. Although the shooting itself was not capture on security cameras, the attacker was documented entering and leaving the building via exterior cameras. | [57] [58] [59] [60] | |
June 12 | 2016 | Orlando, Florida | 50 [note 2] | 53 | 102 | CCTV, Police body camera (used by responding officers) | Pulse nightclub shooting: An Islamic terrorist armed with an assault rifle and pistol opened fire on partygoers, killing 48 before being shot and killed by police. The event was captured on the club's security cameras, and was also documented on the body cameras of police officers who responded to the shooting. | [61] [62] [63] | |
September 23 | 2016 | Burlington, Washington | 5 | 0 | 5 | CCTV | Cascade Mall shooting: A man walked into a shopping mall and then entered a clothing store, where he would fatally shoot five people at random. The shooter was captured roaming around the store on the mall's security camera system. | [64] [65] [66] [67] | |
January 6 | 2017 | Fort Lauderdale, Florida | 5 | 42 | 47 | CCTV | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting: A man murdered five people in a non-targeted shooting. The attack was documented on the airport's CCTV. | [68] [69] [70] [71] | |
January 18 | 2017 | Monterrey, Mexico | 2 [note 2] | 3 | 5 | CCTV | Colegio Americano del Noreste shooting: A high school student, armed with a handgun, shot four people, killing one, before committing suicide. A security camera located inside of the classroom that the shooting took place in captured the incident. | [72] [73] [74] [75] | |
February 17 | 2017 | Lima, Peru | 6 [note 2] | 9 | 15 | CCTV | 2017 Lima shooting: A man opened fire on shoppers at a shopping center, killing five and wounding nine others before being shot in the head by police. The attack was captured on the center's security camera system. | [76] [76] [77] [78] | |
February 14 | 2018 | Parkland, Florida | 17 | 17 | 34 | CCTV | Parkland High School shooting: An expelled student opened fire on students and staff at a high school in Florida, killing 17 before being arrested an hour later. The shooting was captured on the school's security camera system. | [79] [80] [81] [82] | |
August 26 | 2018 | Jacksonville, Florida | 3 | 11 | 14 | Webcam | Jacksonville Landing shooting: A man who was attending a gaming tournament opened fire on other players, killing two before committing suicide. A webcam was positioned at one of the victims, and the entirety of the shooting was captured on the webcam. | [83] [84] [85] | |
September 6 | 2018 | Cincinnati, Ohio | 4 [note 2] | 2 | 6 | Police body camera (used by responding officers) | 2018 Cincinnati shooting: A man armed with a pistol shot people at random, before being killed. The shooting was captured on the body cameras of several responding officers. | [86] [87] [88] | |
October 17 | 2018 | Kerch, Crimea | 21 [note 2] | 67 | 88 | CCTV | Kerch Polytechnic College massacre: A student armed with a nail bomb and shotgun shot at fellow students, resulting in the deaths of 21. The shooting and bombing were both documented on the school's security camera system. | [89] [90] [91] [92] | |
March 15 | 2019 | Christchurch, New Zealand | 51 | 89 | 140 | Helmet camera | Christchurch mosque shootings: A heavily armed man entered two separate mosques and opened fire on people inside, killing 51. The first shooting was captured on the shooter's helmet camera, which was live-streamed on Twitch before being taken down. | [93] [94] [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] | |
August 3 | 2019 | El Paso, Texas | 23 | 22 | 45 | CCTV, Bystander video | 2019 El Paso shooting: A domestic terrorist armed with an WASR-10 shot at storegoers n a Walmart, killing 23. The attacker was captured entering the building on security cameras. Videos were also taken by people inside of the Walmart via cellular devices. | [100] [101] [102] [103] | |
April 27 | 2019 | Poway, California | 1 | 3 | 4 | CCTV | Poway synagogue shooting: A man armed with an assault rifle entered a synagogue and shot four people, one fatally. The attacker was captured on security cameras entering the synagogue before opening fire. | [104] [105] [106] [107] [108] [108] | |
October 9 | 2019 | Halle, Germany | 2 | 3 [note 2] | 5 | Helmet camera, CCTV | Halle synagogue shooting: A neo-Nazi attempted to shoot inside of a synagogue, but instead fatally shoots two people on a street and in an eatery. The attack was livestreamed via a helmet camera worn by the attack, and was also captured on Halle's CCTV cameras. | [109] [110] [111] [112] | |
December 29 | 2019 | White Settlement, Texas | 3 [note 2] | 0 | 3 | Webcam | West Freeway Church of Christ shooting: A man armed with a shotgun opened fire on churchgoers, killing two before being fatally shot in the head by a civilian. The attack was live-streamed via a camera inside of the church. | [113] [114] [115] | |
February 8–9 | 2020 | Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand | 30 [note 2] | 58 | 88 | CCTV, Bystander video | Nakhon Ratchasima shootings: Over two days, a former Thai soldier carried out a series of shooting, resulting in the deaths of thirty people. The attacks were widely documented, being recorded on the city's CCTV camera system and by bystanders. | [116] [117] [118] [116] | |
August 5 | 2020 | Kenosha, Wisconsin | 2 | 1 | 3 | Bystander video | Kenosha unrest shooting: A teenager shot and fatally wounded two protesters during the Kenosha unrest. The shootings were | [119] [120] [121] [120] [122] [123] | |
November 2 | 2020 | Vienna, Austria | 5 [note 2] | 23 | 28 | CCTV, Bystander video | 2020 Vienna attack: An Islamic terrorist shot at people in six different locations, killing four before being killed by police. Several of the shootings were captured on Vienna's security camera system. A bystander also took a video of the attacker shooting a sleeping man on a street. | [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] | |
May 11 | 2021 | Kazan, Russia | 9 | 23 | 32 | CCTV | Kazan school shooting: A former student fatally shot 7 eight-grade students and 2 teachers. The opening moments of the shooting were captured on the school's CCTV camera system. | [129] [130] [131] [132] | |
September 20 | 2021 | Perm, Russia | 6 | 48 [note 2] | 54 | CCTV | Perm State University shooting: A man opened fire on students and staff at a university in Perm, fatally shooting six. Portions of the shooting were captured on the university's CCTV system. | [133] [134] [135] [136] | |
December 14 | 2021 | Tarragona, Catalonia | 0 | 5 [note 2] | 5 | CCTV | A man opened fire inside his former workplace, a security guard firm, before fleeing, injuring a policeman during the process. The gunman then entered a shootout with police in which he would be critically injured. The shooting inside the workplace was caught on CCTV cameras. | [137] [138] [139] | |
December 28 | 2021 | Garland, Texas | 3 | 1 | 4 | CCTV | 2021 Garland shooting: A teenager opened fire on several people sitting down in a Texaco convenience store, killing three and seriously injuring one other. The entire shooting was filmed on the convenience store's extensive CCTV system, which ran inside and outside of the building. | [140] [141] [142] [143] [144] | |
May 14 | 2022 | Buffalo, New York | 10 | 3 | 13 | Helmet camera | 2022 Buffalo shooting: A man entered a Topps supermarket with an assault rifle and opened fire on storegoers, killing ten. Portions of the shooting were livestreamed on Twitch via a helmet camera worn by the attacker, but the stream was taken down before the shooting ended. | [145] [146] [147] [148] | |
May 24 | 2022 | Uvalde, Texas | 22 [note 2] | 21 | 43 | CCTV, Bystander video, Police body camera (used by responding officers) | Uvalde school shooting: A shooter, armed with an assault rifle and tactical gear, opened fire inside of two classrooms, killing 19 fourth graders and both teachers who taught the children. The opening moments of the shooting were captured on CCTV cameras located near the entrance, and a bystander filmed the shooter entering the school. The latter portions of the shooting were also captured on the body cameras of police who responded to the attack. | [149] [150] [151] [152] | |
August 28 | 2022 | Bend, Oregon | 3 [note 2] | 2 | 5 | CCTV | 2022 Bend, Oregon shooting: A man opened fire upon his truck, a parking lot, and a grocery store, killing 2 and injuring 2 before turning the gun on himself. The events were caught on CCTV footage. | [153] [154] | |
August 28 | 2022 | Phoenix, Arizona | 3 [note 2] | 5 | 8 | CCTV | 2022 Phoenix shooting: A man shot at pedestrians in the parking lot of a Days Inn Motel in Phoenix. The entire event was captured on CCTV cameras in and outside of the building. | [155] [156] [157] [158] [159] [160] | |
September 7 | 2022 | Memphis, Tennessee | 3 | 3 | 6 | CCTV, Camera phone | 2022 Memphis shootings: A man went on a shooting spree in Memphis, killing three. He livestreamed the attack via a cellular device on Facebook Live. Portions of the attack were also documented via street-positioned CCTV cameras. | [161] [162] [163] | |
October 12 | 2022 | Connecticut, United States | 3 [note 2] | 1 | 4 | Bodycam footage | Bristol, Connecticut police killings: A man ambushed and shot at police officers in Bristol, killing two and injuring one | [164] | |
November 25 | 2022 | Aracruz, Brazil | 4 | 12 | 16 | CCTV | Aracruz school shootings: A teenager opened fire on two schools, killing four and injuring twelve others. Portions of the shooting were captured on CCTV cameras, including the shooter running into one of the schools. | [165] [166] [167] [165] | |
November 19–20 | 2022 | Colorado Springs, Colorado | 5 | 26 [note 2] | 31 | CCTV | Colorado Springs nightclub shooting: A man, armed with an AR-15 style rifle and Glock 17 pistol, shot at patrons, murdering five. The moments leading up to and the initial moments of the shooting were captured on the club's CCTV camera system. | [168] [169] [170] [171] | |
March 27 | 2023 | Nashville, Tennessee | 7 [note 2] | 2 | 9 | CCTV, Police body camera (used by responding officers) | 2023 Nashville school shooting: A former student opened fire in an elementary school, killing three students and three teachers. The shooter was captured on CCTV cameras shooting through the school's glass doors and roaming the hallways. The shooter was killed by police, who captured the final minutes of the incident on their police-worn body cameras. | [172] [173] [174] [175] | |
April 10 | 2023 | Louisville, Kentucky | 6 [note 2] | 8 | 14 | CCTV, Police body camera (used by responding officers) | 2023 Louisville bank shooting: A man who formerly worked at Louisville's Old National Bank branch opened fire on his former coworkers, killing five. Portions of the shooting were filmed by the bank's security cameras. Police who were responding to the shooting killed the perpetrator, which was captured on police-worn body cameras. | [176] [177] [178] [179] | |
May 6 | 2023 | Allen, Texas | 9 [note 2] | 7 | 16 | Police body camera (used by responding officers), Bystander video, Dashcam | 2023 Allen, Texas mall shooting: A man, armed with an AR-15 style rifle, shot at storegoers who were shopping at the Allen Premium Outlets strip. Police who were on-scene prior to the shooting captured the attack on their body cameras. | [180] [181] [182] | |
June 23 | 2023 | Columbus, Ohio | 0 | 10 | 10 | Police body camera (used by responding officers) | 2023 Short North shooting: Multiple people shot at pedestrians, and 10 were injured as a result. The shooting was captured on the body cameras worn by officers who were already on-scene, dealing with another incident prior to the shooting. | [183] [184] [185] [186] | |
October 7 | 2023 | Eshkol Regional Council, Israel | 364 | 50+ | 414+ | CCTV, Body cameras (worn by attackers and responding units), Dashcams | Nova music festival massacre: Several attackers opened fire on civilians at a music festival, killing 364 and wounding over fifty. The attack was widely documented on security cameras, dashcams, and body cameras. As of 2024, the attack remains the deadliest mass shooting ever captured on film. | [187] [188] [189] [190] [191] [192] [193] | |
October 23 | 2023 | São Paulo, Brazil | 1 | 3 | 4 | CCTV | Sapopemba State School shooting: A student opened fire on classmates with a pistol, shooting one fatally in the head. Portions of the shooting were captured on the school's camera system. | [194] [195] [196] | |
October 25 | 2023 | Lewiston, Maine | 19 [note 2] | 13 | 32 | CCTV | 2023 Lewiston shootings: A man opened fire on partygoers at a bowling alley and at Schemengees Bar & Grille in Lewiston, fatally shooting 19. The shooter was observed entering the bowling alley via CCTV cameras before opening fire, and may have also been captured shooting at partygoers. | [197] [198] [199] [198] | |
December 21 | 2023 | Prague, Czech Republic | 18 [note 2] | 25 | 43 | Bystander video | 2023 Prague shootings: A postgraduate student, armed with several firearms, opened fire at the Faculty of Arts of the Charles University, killing 14 people and injuring 25 before taking his own life at the faculty's rooftop terrace. The perpetrator also murdered two people in Klánovice Forest six days prior and his father on the day of the shootings. The rooftop terrace shootings were recorded by a reporter named Jiří Forman. | [200] [201] | |
January 4 | 2024 | Perry, Iowa | 3 [note 2] | 6 | 9 | CCTV, Livestream | Perry High School shooting: A student livestreamed a mass shooting at his high school in Perry, Iowa on social media. Two people were killed and five others were injured before the shooter committed suicide. The shooting was also captured by CCTV. | [202] | |
February 11 | 2024 | Texas, United States | 1 [note 2] | 2 | 3 | CCTV | Lakewood Church shooting: A woman opened fire at the Lakewood Church in Houston, injuring two people. | [203] | |
June 21 | 2024 | Arkansas, United States | 4 | 10 [note 2] | 14 | Bystander videos | 2024 Fordyce shooting: A man armed with a 12-gauge shotgun and a 9mm pistol opened fire at civilians at the Mad Butcher supermarket in Fordyce, killing four people and injuring ten others, including the perpetrator. | [204] | |
October 1 | 2024 | Tel Aviv, Israel | 9 [note 2] | 17 | 24 | CCTV | 2024 Jaffa shooting: Two men armed with assault rifles entered a mosque and opened fire on civilians, killing five. The attack was captured on security cameras. | [205] [206] [207] [208] | |
October 23 | 2024 | Kahramankazan, Turkey | 7 [note 2] | 22 | 29 | CCTV | 2024 Turkish Aerospace Industries headquarters attack: Two men, armed with AKS-74U rifles and bombs, attacked an office building, killing five and injuring 22 others before being killed. The attack was captured on the building's security camera system. | [209] [210] [211] |
A mass shooting is a violent crime in which one or more attackers kill or injure multiple individuals simultaneously using a firearm. There is no widely accepted definition, and different organizations tracking such incidents use different criteria. Mass shootings are often characterized by the indiscriminate targeting of victims in a non-combat setting, and thus the term generally excludes gang violence, shootouts and warfare. Mass shootings may be done for personal or psychological reasons, but have also been used as a terrorist tactic. The perpetrator of an ongoing mass shooting may be referred to as an active shooter.
On October 1, 2017, a mass shooting occurred when 64-year-old Stephen Paddock opened fire on the crowd attending the Route 91 Harvest music festival on the Las Vegas Strip in Nevada from his 32nd-floor suites in the Mandalay Bay hotel. He fired more than 1,000 rounds, killing 60 people and wounding at least 413. The ensuing panic brought the total number of injured to approximately 867. About an hour later, he was found dead in his room from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. The motive for the shooting is officially undetermined.
This section of the timeline of United States history includes major events from 2010 to the present.
On November 2, 2018, a mass shooting occurred at Tallahassee Hot Yoga, a yoga studio located in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. The gunman, identified as Scott Paul Beierle, shot six women, two of them fatally, and pistol-whipped a man before killing himself.
On August 3, 2019, a mass shooting occurred at a Walmart store in El Paso, Texas, United States. The gunman, 21-year-old Patrick Wood Crusius, killed 23 people and injured 22 others. The Federal Bureau of Investigation investigated the shooting as an act of domestic terrorism and a hate crime. The shooting has been described as the deadliest attack on Latinos in modern American history.
On August 4, 2019, 24-year-old Connor Betts shot and killed nine people, including his brother, and wounded 17 others near the entrance of the Ned Peppers Bar in the Oregon District of Dayton, Ohio. Betts was fatally shot by responding police officers 32 seconds after the first shots were fired. A total of 27 people were taken to area hospitals. It is the deadliest mass shooting to occur in Ohio since the 1975 Easter Sunday Massacre.
On March 22, 2021, a mass shooting occurred at a King Soopers supermarket in Boulder, Colorado, United States. Ten people were killed, including a local on-duty police officer. The shooter, 21-year-old Ahmad Al Aliwi Al-Issa, was arrested after being shot in the right leg. He was temporarily hospitalized before being moved to the county jail. After undergoing mental evaluations during the legal proceedings, Al-Issa was found mentally incompetent to stand trial in December 2021 and in April 2022. On August 23, 2023, prosecutors announced that Al-Issa was mentally competent to stand trial; a judge ruled as such on October 6 of that same year. On September 23, 2024, Al-Issa was found guilty in the shooting and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.
On May 14, 2022, a mass shooting occurred in Buffalo, New York, United States, at a Tops Friendly Markets supermarket in the East Side neighborhood. Ten people, all of whom were African Americans, were murdered and three were injured. The shooter, identified as 18-year-old Payton S. Gendron, livestreamed part of the attack on Twitch, but the livestream was shut down by the service in under two minutes. Gendron was taken into custody and charged with first-degree murder. He formally entered a plea of "not guilty" on May 19, 2022. On November 28, 2022, Gendron pleaded guilty to all state charges in the shooting, including murder, domestic terrorism, and hate crimes. On February 15, 2023, Gendron was sentenced to 11 concurrent life sentences without the possibility of parole; as of that date, federal charges are still ongoing, and the federal prosecution also expressed their intention to seek the death penalty.
The Uvalde school shooting was a mass shooting on May 24, 2022, at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas, United States, where 18-year-old Salvador Ramos, a former student at the school, fatally shot 19 students and 2 teachers, while injuring 17 others.
Police said the incident began at about 20:00 (19:00 GMT) on Monday, near the Seitenstettengasse synagogue, when a heavily armed man opened fire on people outside cafes and restaurants. [...] the perpetrator, who was armed with an automatic rifle, a pistol and a machete.