List of massacres of Azerbaijanis

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The following is a list of massacres of Azerbaijanis [lower-alpha 1] that have occurred throughout history.

Contents

During pre-Soviet times, the term "Caucasian Tatar" was used for the group who is nowadays called "Azerbaijanis." [1] [2] [3] For instance, this is apparent in the designation Armenian–Tatar massacres. However, these terms are today and in this article interchangeable.

NameDateLocationPerpetratorsVictims (highest estimation)
Armenian–Tatar massacres 1905–1907 Flag of Russia.svg Baku, Ganja, Nakhchivan, Shusha, and Tbilisi Flag of Armenia.svg Armenians and Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijanis 3,000 to 10,000 from both sides [4]
Massacres of Azerbaijanis in Armenia in 1917–1921 1917–1921 Flag of the First Republic of Armenia.svg Ararat, Kars, Surmalu, Syunik Flag of Armenia.svg Armenian and Flag of Russia.svg Russian army In Erivan Governorate, 4,000; [5] in Zangezur uezd, 7,729 [6] –10,000 [7]
March Days March 1918 Flag of Azerbaijan 1918.svg Baku Flag RSFSR 1918.svg Baku Commune forces3,000 [8] [9] –12,000 [10]
1920 Ganja Revolt June 1920 Flag of Azerbaijan 1918.svg Ganja Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.svg 11th Red Army 15,000 [11] [12]
Black January January 1990 Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1956-1991).svg Baku Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Red Army 137; [13] unofficial number reaching 300 [14]
Gugark pogrom March – December 1988 Flag of Armenian SSR.svg Gugark, Lori Province Flag of Armenian SSR.svg Armenian mobs11–21 [15] [16]
Capture of Garadaghly February 1992 Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Garadaghly Flag of Artsakh.svg Armenian irregular units
Flag of Russia.svg Russian 366th regiment		unclear; 20 per Azerbaijani sources, [17] 53 per Monte Melkonian [18]
Khojaly massacre February 1992 Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Khojaly Flag of Artsakh.svg Armenian irregular units
Flag of Russia.svg Russian 366th regiment		613

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "The official records of the Russian Empire and various published sources from the pre-1917 period also called them “Tatar” or “Caucasian Tatars,” “Azerbaijani Tatars” and even “Persian Tatars” in order to differentiate them from the other “Tatars” of the empire and the Persian speakers of Iran." [1] For the sake of simplicity, this article uses "Azerbaijanis" for the people group.

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Kars <i>oblast</i> Oblast in Caucasus, Russian Empire

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Borchaly <i>uezd</i> Uezd in Caucasus, Russian Empire

The Borchaly uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and later of the independent and Soviet republics of Georgia. Its administrative center was the town of Shulavery. The area of the county roughly corresponded to the contemporary Lori Province of Armenia and the Kvemo Kartli region of Georgia.

Shusha <i>uezd</i> Uezd in Caucasus, Russian Empire

The Shusha uezd was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of the Ganja Governorate of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic with its center in Shusha in 1840–1921.

Nukha <i>uezd</i> Uezd in Caucasus, Russian Empire

The Nukha uezd was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire and later of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic with its center in Nukha from 1868 until its formal abolition in 1921 by the Soviet authorities of the Azerbaijan SSR.

Dagestan <i>Oblast</i> Province of the Russian Empire from 1860 to 1917

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Zakatal <i>okrug</i> Former county in Caucasus, Russian Empire

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)</span> Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire

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Surmalu <i>uezd</i> Uezd in Caucasus, Russian Empire

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Javad <i>uezd</i> Uezd in Caucasus, Russian Empire

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Baku <i>uezd</i> Uezd in Caucasus, Russian Empire

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Lenkoran <i>uezd</i> Uezd in Caucasus, Russian Empire

The Lenkoran uezd or Talysh uezd was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The county was located on the southern part of the governorate, bordering Caspian Sea to the east, Javad uezd to the north, and Iran to the southwest. The administrative centre of the county was the city of Lenkoran.

Shemakha <i>uezd</i> Uezd in Caucasus, Russian Empire

The Shemakha uezd was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The county was located in central part of the Baku Governorate, bordering the Javad uezd to the south, Baku uezd to the east, Geokchay uezd to the west and Kuba uezd to the north. The administrative centre of the county was the city of Shemakha.

Kuba <i>uezd</i> Uezd in Caucasus, Russian Empire

The Kuba uezd was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of Russian Empire and then of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolition in 1929 by Soviet authorities. The uezd was located in northern part of the Baku Governorate, bordering Caspian Sea to the east, Elizavetpol Governorate to the west, Dagestan Oblast to the north, the Geokchay, Shemakha, and Baku uezds to the south. The administrative center of the uezd was the city of Kuba.

Zangezur <i>uezd</i> Uezd in Caucasus, Russian Empire

The Zangezur uezd was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire with its administrative center in Gerusy from 1868 until its formal abolition and partition between the Soviet republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan in 1921. The area of the Zangezur uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Syunik province of Armenia, and Lachin, Gubadly, Zangilan, and the westernmost parts of Shusha districts of Azerbaijan.

Baku <i>gradonachalstvo</i> Gradonachalstvo in Caucasus, Russian Empire

The Baku gradonachalstvo was a municipal district (gradonachalstvo) based around the city of Baku in the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The Baku gradonachalstvo was formed in 1906 on the territory of the Baku uezd of the Baku Governorate following the Armenian–Tatar Massacres, until its disestablishment after the revolution of 1917. The area of the Baku gradonachalstvo corresponded to the Absheron Peninsula, located in easternmost present-day Azerbaijan.

Geokchay <i>uezd</i> Uezd in Caucasus, Russian Empire

The Geokchay uezd was a county (uezd) of the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire and then of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The uezd was located in the central part of the governorate, bordering the Kuba uezd to the north, the Shemakha uezd to the east, the Javad uezd to the south and the Elizavetpol Governorate to the west. The administrative center of the uezd was the city of Geokchay.

In the aftermath of World War I and during the Armenian–Azerbaijani and Russian Civil wars, there were mutual massacres committed by Armenians and Azerbaijanis against each other. A significant portion of the Muslim population of the Erivan Governorate were displaced during the internecine conflict by the government of Armenia. Starting in 1918, Armenian partisans expelled thousands of Azerbaijani Muslims in Zangezur and destroyed their settlements in an effort to "re-Armenianize" the region. These actions were cited by Azerbaijan as a reason to start a military campaign in Zangezur. Ultimately, Azerbaijan took in and resettled tens of thousands of Muslim refugees from Armenia. The total number of killed is unknown.

References

  1. 1 2 Yilmaz, Harun (2013). "The Soviet Union and the Construction of Azerbaijani National Identity in the 1930s". Iranian Studies. 46 (4): 513. doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.784521. S2CID   144322861. The official records of the Russian Empire and various published sources from the pre-1917 period also called them "Tatar" or "Caucasian Tatars," "Azerbaijani Tatars" and even "Persian Tatars" in order to differentiate them from the other "Tatars" of the empire and the Persian speakers of Iran.
  2. ↑ Tsutsiev, Arthur. "31. 1926: An Ethnic Map Reflecting the First Soviet Census". Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014, p. 87.
  3. ↑ Tsutsiev, Arthur. "26. 1920: The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Soviet Russia". Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014, pp. 71-73.
  4. ↑ Tadeusz Swietochowski. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press, 1995. ISBN   0-231-07068-3, ISBN   978-0-231-07068-3
  5. ↑ Aharonian 1963, p. 52.
  6. ↑ Balayev 1990, p. 43.
  7. ↑ Baberovski 2010, p. 166.
  8. ↑ Richard Pipes. The formation of the Soviet Union: communism and nationalism, 1917–1923. p.200
  9. ↑ Alstatdt, Audrey L. (1992). The Azerbaijani Turks: power and identity under Russian rule. Hoover Press. p. 86. ISBN   978-0-8179-9182-1.
  10. ↑ "New Republics in the Caucasus". The New York Times Current History. 11 (2): 492. March 1920.
  11. ↑ The I.L.P.'s ALLIES. Soviet Massacre in the Caucasus // Western Gazette. — 1920. — 1 June. — page 12.
  12. ↑ 15,000 massacred // Cheltenham Chronicle. — 1920. — 2 June. — page 4
  13. ↑ Elchin Khalilov (15 August 2001). "Eyewitness: A republic loses faith". BBC News . Retrieved 20 January 2010.
  14. ↑ Reza; Blair, Betty (Spring 1998). "Black January: Baku (1990). Behind the Scenes – A Photojournalist's Perspective". Azerbaijan International. pp. 33–37. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
  15. ↑ Papyan, Mane (22 April 2015). "Gugark after Sumgait". Caucasus Edition: Journal of Conflict Transformation. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  16. ↑ Yunusov, Arif (26 February 1991). "Погромы в Армении в 1988-1989". Ekspress-Khronika (in Russian). No. 16. Archived from the original on 26 April 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  17. ↑ "Letter dated 20 May 2005 from the Permanent Representative of Azerbaijan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  18. ↑ Melkonian, Markar (2005). My brother's road: an American's fateful journey to Armenia. I.B. Tauris. pp. 211–212. ISBN   978-1-85043-635-5.

Bibliography

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