List of massacres in Myanmar

Last updated

The following is an incomplete list of massacres that have occurred in Myanmar (formerly known as Burma).

NameDateLocationDeathsPerpetratorsVictims
1930 Rangoon riots Rangoon (present-day Yangon) Bamar riotersEthnic Indian dockworkers
Arakan massacres Arakan (present-day Rakhine State) Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims
Kalagong massacre Kalagong Imperial Japanese Army Villagers of Kalagong
Rangoon bombing Rangoon North KoreaSouth Koreans
8888 Uprising and subsequent massacresNationwideFlag of the Armed Forces (Tatmadaw) of Myanmar.svg  Tatmadaw Pro-democracy protesters
September military coup and massacres RangoonFlag of the Armed Forces (Tatmadaw) of Myanmar.svg  Tatmadaw Burmese civilians and government officials
Depayin massacre Depayin Supporters of the SPDC-led military juntaMembers of the National League for Democracy (NLD)
Saffron Revolution and massacre of monksRangoon (near Sule pagoda and Shwedagon pagoda) SPDC-led military junta Buddhist monks
Kha Maung Seik massacre Kha Maung Seik Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army Hindu villagers
Chut Pyin massacre Chut Pyin Myanmar Army and Rakhine villagers Rohingya villagers
Gu Dar Pyin massacre Gu Dar Pyin Myanmar Army and Rakhine villagers Rohingya villagers
Maung Nu massacre Maung Nu Myanmar Army Rohingya villagers
Tula Toli massacre Tula Toli (Min Gyi) Myanmar Army Rohingya villagers
Inn Din massacre Inn Din Myanmar Army and Rakhine villagers Rohingya villagers
Hlaingthaya massacre Hlaingthaya Township, Yangon Myanmar Army and Myanmar Police Force Protesters
Bago massacre Bago Myanmar Army and Myanmar Police Force Protesters
Mo So massacre Mo So Myanmar Army Villagers of Mo So
Mon Taing Pin massacre Mondaingbin, Sagaing Region Myanmar Army Villagers
Let Yet Kone massacre Let Yet Kone, Tabayin Township Myanmar Army and Myanmar Air Force Villagers of Let Yet Kon
Hpakant massacre A Nang Pa, Hpakant Township Myanmar Air Force Kachin civilians, musicians, Kachin Independence Organization officials
Tar Taing massacre Tartaing, Sagaing Township and Nyaungyin, Myinmu Township Myanmar Army Villagers
Pinlaung massacre Namneng village, Pinlaung Township Myanmar Army and Pa-O National Army Villagers and monks [23]
Pazigyi massacre aka
Kanbalu massacre
Pazigyi, Kanbalu Township Myanmar Air Force Villagers [25] [26]
Laiza artillery strike Laiza (China–Myanmar border) Myanmar Army Kachin civilians, refugess [28]
Kanan massacre Kanan, Sagaing Region Myanmar Air Force Civilians [30]
Akyi Pan Pa Lun massacre Akyi Pan Pa Lun, Magway Region Myanmar Air Force Civilians
Lethtoketaw massacre Lethtoketaw, Sagaing Region Myanmar Army Civilians
Byian Phyu massacre Byian Phyu, Rakhine StateFlag of the Armed Forces (Tatmadaw) of Myanmar.svg  Tatmadaw
Rohingya flag.svg Rohingya militias [35]
Flag of the Arakan Liberation Party.svg Arakan Liberation Army (denied by ALA) [36]
Villagers

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rakhine State</span> State of Myanmar

Rakhine State, formerly known as Arakan State, is a state in Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State to the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. It is located approximately between latitudes 17°30' north and 21°30' north and longitudes 92°10' east and 94°50' east. The Arakan Mountains or Rakhine Yoma separated Rakhine State from central Burma from North to South. Off the coast of Rakhine State there are some fairly large islands such as Ramree, Cheduba and Myingun. Rakhine State has an area of 36,762 square kilometres (14,194 sq mi) and its capital is Sittwe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rohingya people</span> Indo-Aryan ethnic group of western Myanmar

The Rohingya people are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar. Before the Rohingya genocide in 2017, when over 740,000 fled to Bangladesh, an estimated 1.4 million Rohingya lived in Myanmar. Described by journalists and news outlets as one of the most persecuted minorities in the world, the Rohingya are denied citizenship under the 1982 Myanmar nationality law. There are also restrictions on their freedom of movement, access to state education and civil service jobs. The legal conditions faced by the Rohingya in Myanmar have been compared to apartheid by some academics, analysts and political figures, including Nobel laureate Bishop Desmond Tutu, a South African anti-apartheid activist. The most recent mass displacement of Rohingya in 2017 led the International Criminal Court to investigate crimes against humanity, and the International Court of Justice to investigate genocide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rohingya conflict</span> Sectarian conflict in western Myanmar since 1947

The Rohingya conflict is an ongoing conflict in the northern part of Myanmar's Rakhine State, characterised by sectarian violence between the Rohingya Muslim and Rakhine Buddhist communities, a military crackdown on Rohingya civilians by Myanmar's security forces, and militant attacks by Rohingya insurgents in Buthidaung, Maungdaw, and Rathedaung Townships, which border Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arakha Army</span> Insurgent group active in Rakhine State, Myanmar

The Arakha Army , formerly the Arakan Army, is an ethnic armed organisation based in Rakhine State (Arakan). Founded on 10 April 2009, the AA is the military wing of the United League of Arakan (ULA). It is currently led by Commander-in-Chief Major General Twan Mrat Naing and vice deputy commander-in-chief Brigadier General Nyo Twan Awng. The Arakan Army states that the objective of its armed revolution is to restore the sovereignty of the Arakan people. In a February 2024 interview, Twan Mrat Naing claimed that the AA had grown to at least 38,000 troops. Anthony Davis, an expert of military and security, rejected this claim and estimated that it has at least 15,000 troops in Chin State and Rakhine State, in addition to around 1500 in Kachin State and Shan State. In the early 2010s, the Arakan Army fought alongside the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) against the Tatmadaw in the Kachin conflict. Following the 2016 outbreak of conflict in Rakhine state, AA became more heavily involved in the Arakan region. In 2019, AA launched attacks on state security forces and the Myanmar Army responded, heightening clashes. The AA reached a ceasefire in late 2020 after eroding the central government's control in northern Rakhine. The power vacuum was filled by the AA over the next 18 months with state-building efforts, like their COVID-19 vaccine rollouts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arakan Liberation Army</span> Insurgent group in Myanmar

The Arakan Liberation Army is a Rakhine insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma). It is the armed wing of the Arakan Liberation Party (ALP). The ALA signed a ceasefire agreement with the government of Myanmar on 5 April 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aye Maung</span> Burmese politician and MP for Ann Township

Aye Maung is a Burmese politician and was the chairperson of the Arakan National Party, one of Myanmar's ethnic political parties. He is currently the leader of the Arakan Front Party. He is a staunch nationalist known for his hardline stance against the Rohingya people, having tirelessly campaigned against the minority group and having been involved in instigating attacks against them in the communal violence in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army</span> Insurgent group in Rakhine State, Myanmar

The Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), formerly known as Harakah al-Yaqin, is a Rohingya insurgent group active in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. According to a December 2016 report by the International Crisis Group, it is led by Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi, a Rohingya man who was born in Karachi, Pakistan, and grew up in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Other members of its leadership include a committee of Rohingya émigrés in Saudi Arabia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rohingya genocide</span> Ongoing ethnic cleansing in Myanmar

The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The crisis forced over a million Rohingya to flee to other countries. Most fled to Bangladesh, resulting in the creation of the world's largest refugee camp, while others escaped to India, Thailand, Malaysia, and other parts of South and Southeast Asia, where they continue to face persecution. Many other countries consider these events ethnic cleansing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)</span> Armed conflict in western Myanmar

Violent clashes have been ongoing in the northern part of Myanmar's Rakhine State since October 2016. Insurgent attacks by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) have led to sectarian violence perpetrated by Myanmar's military and the local Buddhist population against predominantly Muslim Rohingya civilians. The conflict has sparked international outcry and was described as an ethnic cleansing by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. In August 2017, the situation worsened and hundreds of thousands of refugees fled Myanmar into Bangladesh, with an estimated 500,000 refugees having arrived by 27 September 2017. In January 2019, Arakan Army insurgents raided border police posts in Buthidaung Township, joining the conflict and beginning their military campaign in northern Rakhine State against the Burmese military.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kha Maung Seik massacre</span> Massacre in Rakhine State, Myanmar

On 25 August 2017, Hindu villages in a cluster known as Kha Maung Seik in the northern Maungdaw District of Rakhine State in Myanmar were attacked and 99 Bengali Hindu villagers were massacred by Muslim insurgents from the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA). A month later, the Myanmar Army discovered mass graves containing the corpses of 45 Hindus, most of whom were women and children.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inn Din</span> Village in Rakhine State, Myanmar

Inn Din is a village in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. The village is in an area of mixed ethnicity, including Rohingya and ethnic Rakhine people. In December 2017, a mass grave with ten Rohingya men was discovered near the Inn Din cemetery. In January 2018, the Myanmar military admitted that its soldiers and Rakhine paramilitaries had killed the ten Rohingyas in September of the previous year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arakan Front Party</span> Political party in Myanmar

The Arakan Front Party is a political party in Myanmar seeking Arakanese self-determination and holding hardline ultranationalist, anti-Rohingya and anti-Islam stances. It was founded on 11 October 2018 by Dr. Aye Maung, former chairman of the Arakan National Party, and his colleagues, including his son Tin Maung Win.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Myanmar civil war (2021–present)</span> Ongoing armed conflict in Myanmar since the 2021 coup detat

The Myanmar civil war, also called the Burmese Spring Revolution, Burmese civil war or People's Defensive War, is an ongoing civil war following Myanmar's long-running insurgencies, which escalated significantly in response to the 2021 military coup d'état and the subsequent violent crackdown on anti-coup protests. The exiled National Unity Government and major ethnic armed organisations repudiated the 2008 Constitution and called instead for a democratic federal state. Besides engaging this alliance, the SAC also contends with other anti-SAC forces in areas under its control. Hannah Beech of The New York Times observed the insurgents are apportioned into hundreds of armed groups scattered across the country.

Events in the year 2022 in Myanmar.

The following is a timeline of major events during the Myanmar civil war (2021–present), following the 2021 military coup d'état and protests. It was also a renewed intensity in existing internal conflict in Myanmar.

This is the list of important events happened in Myanmar in 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chin theater</span> Armed conflict in northwestern Myanmar

The Chin Theater is one of the theaters of the Myanmar civil war (2021–present), with resistance forces fighting against the Tatmadaw military junta in Chin State, western Myanmar.

This is the list of important events happened in Myanmar in 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rakhine offensive (2023–present)</span> Military operation in Myanmar

On 13 November 2023, the Arakan Army (AA), one of the dozens of ethnic resistance groups active in the civil war in Myanmar, launched a military offensive against Myanmar's military junta in Rakhine and southern Chin State. Fighting began concurrently with the launch of Operation 1027, which the Arakan Army, as a member of the Three Brotherhood Alliance, also participated in. The offensive broke an informal ceasefire between the Arakan Army and the junta that had been in place for a year. During the offensive, the Arakan Army would capture several towns in northern Rakhine including Mrauk U, the capital of Mrauk-U District and the historical capital of Arakan. They would then focus on attacking Sittwe, the state capital, and Ann, the headquarters of the junta's western command. International Institute for Strategic Studies reported AA’s sweeping gains "are already enough to enable self-rule over a large portion of the Rakhine homeland and to reshape the wider balance of power in Myanmar."

The Byian Phyu Massacre occurred over two days in late May 2024 during the Myanmar civil war where 76 people were tortured and killed in Byian Phyu, Sittwe Township.

References

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