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The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Bangladesh (numbers may be approximate):
Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1971 Bangladesh genocide | starting 25 March 1971 – 16 December 1971 | Various places in Bangladesh | 200,000–3,000,000 | |
1971 Dhaka University massacre | 25 March 1971 | University of Dhaka | 310+ | |
1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals | 25 March-14 December 1971 | 1,111 [1] | ||
Shankharipara massacre | 26 March 1971 | Shankaripara, Dhaka | estimated 8,000 | |
Ramna massacre | 27 March 1971 | Ramna Kali Temple, Ramna, Dhaka | 250 | |
Sutrapur massacre | 27 March 1971 | Sutrapur, Dhaka | 15 | |
Santahar massacre | 27 March - 17 April 1971 | Santahar, Bogra District | 1000+ | |
Jinjira massacre | 1 April 1971 | across the Buriganga River from Dhaka | 1000+ | |
Akhira massacre | 17 April 1971 | Baraihat, Dinajpur | 93–125 | |
Jathibhanga massacre | 21 April 1971 | Jathibhanga, Thakurgaon | 3,000-3,500 | |
Sree Angan massacre | 23 April 1971 | Sree Angan, Faridpur | 8 | |
Karai Kadipur massacre | 26 April 1971 | Karai Kadipur, Joypurhat | 370 | |
Kaliganj massacre | 27 April 1971 | Kaliganj, Rangpur | 400 | |
Ishangopalpur massacre | 2 May 1971 | Ishangopalpur, Faridpur | 28 | |
Muzaffarabad massacre | 3 May 1971 | Patiya, Chittagong | more than 300 | |
Naria massacre | 5 May 1971 | Naria, Sylhet | 28 | |
Gopalpur massacre | 5 May 1971 | Lalpur Upazila, Natore | 195 | |
Demra massacre | 13 May 1971 | Demra, Pabna District | more than 900 | |
Satanikhil massacre | 14 May 1971 | Kewar, Dhaka district | 14 | |
Baria massacre | 14 May 1971 | Baria, Dhaka district | 200 | |
Ketnar Bil massacre | 15 May 1971 | Ketnar Bil, Barisal | more than 500 | |
Char Bhadrasan massacre | ? 1971 | Char Bhadrasan, Faridpur | 50–60 | |
Hasamdia massacre | 16 May 1971 | Boalmari, Faridpur | 33 | |
Sendia massacre | 20 May 1971 | Sendia, Faridpur | 127 | |
Chuknagar massacre | 20 May 1971 | Khulna | 8,000-10,000 | |
Galimpur massacre | 20 May 1971 | Galimpur, Sylhet | 33 | |
Dakra massacre | 21 May 1971 | Dakra, Khulna | more than 2,000 | |
Madhyapara massacre | 22 May 1971 | Palong, Faridpur | 370 | |
Bhimnali massacre | 22 May 1971 | Bhimnali, Barisal | 15 | |
Bakhrabad massacre | 24 May 1971 | Bakhrabad, Comilla | 142 | |
Burunga massacre | 26 May 1971 | Burunga, Sylhet | 71–94 | |
Bagbati massacre | 27 May 1971 | Bagbati, Pabna | more than 200 | |
Barguna massacre | 29–30 May 1971 | Barguna sub-divisional jail, Patuakhali | more than 100 | |
Daldalia massacre [2] [3] | 2 June 1971 | Daldalia, Rangpur | 20 | Murder 20 of unarmed Bengali Hindus by the Pakistan Army and Bihari Muslims |
Golaghat massacre | 13 June 1971 | Golaghat, Nilphamari | 437 | |
Adityapur massacre | 14 June 1971 | Adiyapur, Sylhet | 63 | |
Makalkandi massacre | 18 August 1971 | Habiganj, Sylhet | more than 100 | |
Pomara massacre | 14 September 1971 | Pomara, Chittagong | 13 | |
Krishnapur massacre | 18 September 1971 | Krishnapur, Sylhet | 127 | |
Suryamani massacre | 7 October 1971 | Suryamani, Barisal | 24 | |
Shankharikathi massacre | 4 November 1971 | Shankharikathi, Khulna | 42 | |
1974 Ramna massacre | 17 March 1974 | Ramna, Dhaka | 40–50 | |
Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | 15 August 1975 | Dhaka | 36 | President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was assassinated |
Bhushanchhara massacre | 31 May 1984 | Bhushanchhara, Barkal Upazila, Rangamati | 400 | |
1988 Chittagong massacre | 24 January 1988 | Lal dighi, Chittagong | 370 | |
Logang massacre | 10 April 1992 | Logang village, Khagrachari District | Unknown | |
1999 Jessore bombings | 6 March 1999 | Jessore | 10 | |
1999 Khulna mosque bombing | 8 October 1999 | Khulna | 8 | |
2001 Ramna Batamul bombings | 14 April 2001 | Ramna Park in Dhaka | 9 | |
2001 Gopalganj Roman Catholic church bombing | 1 June 2001 | Roman Catholic church in Gopalganj | 10 | |
Mymensingh cinema bombings | 6 December 2002 | Mymensingh | 27 | |
2003 Tangail shrine bombing | 17 January 2003 | Tangail | 7 | Two bombs exploded in Fair, 20 wounded |
Banshkhali carnage | 18 November 2003 | Sheelpara, Sadhonpur village, Banshkhali Upazila, Chittagong District | 11 | Some individuals set fire to the house of Tejendra Lal Sheel using gunpowder killing 11 members of family including six children |
2004 Dhaka grenade attack | 21 August 2004 | Bangabandhu Avenue, Dhaka | 24 | 13 grenades were thrown into a crowd at an anti-terrorism rally organized by the Awami League. |
2005 November Bangladesh court bombing | 29 November 2005 | Gazipur and Chittagong | 8 | Series of simultaneous suicide bombing of courts in Chittagong and Gazipur is carried out by Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh, killed 8 people and injured over 100 |
2005 Netrokona bombing | 8 December 2005 | Netrokona | 8 | A suicide bombing in Netrokona results in the deaths of eight people |
Bangladesh Rifles revolt | 25 February — 2 March 2009 | Pilkhana, Dhaka | 74 | Soldiers of border security force Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) mutiny and take the commanding army officers and their families hostages at the force's headquarters in Pilkhana, Dhaka. 57 army officers are killed along with 17 civilians by the mutineers |
Chuddogram bus bombing | 3 February 2015 | Chuddogram town | 7 | Anti-government protesters firebomb a bus full of sleeping passengers, leaving seven people dead [4] |
2016 Dhaka attack | 1 June 2016 | Holey Artisan Bakery, Gulshan Thana, Dhaka | 29 | Gunmen attacked a restaurant popular with foreigners in the wealthy Gulshan Thana area |
2017 South Surma Upazila bombings | 25 March 2017 | South Surma Upazila, Sylhet | 11 (including 4 suicide bombers) | A suicide bombing killed four civilians, two police officers and wounded around 40 during a security forces raid on a suspected terrorist hideout in South Surma Upazila. ISIL claimed responsibility. Four militants were also killed |
July massacre | 16 July – 5 August 2024 | Bangladesh | 700-1000 | Mass killings of protesters during quota protests and non-cooperation movement from July 16 to August 5, 2024, carried out by various law enforcement agencies under Hasina administration and affaialed groups of Bangladesh Awami League such as the Chhatra League |
During the Bangladesh genocide in Bangladesh Liberation War, the Pakistani Military [5] and several militia organizations created by the Pakistani military violated Geneva Conventions of War by participating in numerous massacres of civilians, [6] [7] [8] [9] committed genocide of between 300,000 to 3 million civilians, [5] [10] operated concentration camps, [11] and used rape as weapon of war [12] [13] against Bengali Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists minorities. Active collaborators of Pakistan Military in perpetratuation of genocide and ethnic cleansing in Bangladesh include the Al Badr, [14] [15] Al Sham, [16] East Pakistan Central Peace Committee, [17] Razakars, [18] Muslim League, [19] Jamaat-e-Islami, [19] and the Urdu-speaking Biharis. [19]
The impact is drastic. Since 1951, Hindu population decreased by 15.1% in 71 years, and during the same period Muslim population increased by exactly by the same 15.1% (76% to 91.1%). Percentage of Hindus declined more than two third (over 67% drop) in 71 years, i.e. from 22% of total population of Bangladesh in 1951 to 13.5% in 1974 (8.5% decrease in 20 years), [20] and then drop again to 6.9% in 2022 (further 1.6% decrease). [21]
Hinduism is the second largest religion in Bangladesh, as according to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, approximately 13.1 million people responded that they were Hindus, constituting 7.95% out of the total population of 165.15 million people. In terms of population, Bangladesh is the third-largest Hindu populated country of the world, after the neighboring countries of India and Nepal. Hinduism is the second-largest religion in 61 out of 64 districts of Bangladesh, but there is no Hindu majority district in Bangladesh.
Ghulam Azam was a Bangladeshi Islamist politician and a war criminal. He was the former leader of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, the oldest and the largest Islamic political party in Bangladesh.
The Bangladesh genocide was the ethnic cleansing of Bengalis, especially Bengali Hindus, residing in East Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War, perpetrated by the Pakistan Armed Forces and the Razakars. It began on 25 March 1971, as Operation Searchlight was launched by West Pakistan to militarily subdue the Bengali population of East Pakistan; the Bengalis comprised the demographic majority and had been calling for independence from the Pakistani state. Seeking to curtail the Bengali self-determination movement, erstwhile Pakistani president Yahya Khan approved a large-scale military deployment, and in the nine-month-long conflict that ensued, Pakistani soldiers and local pro-Pakistan militias killed between 300,000 and 3,000,000 Bengalis and raped between 200,000 and 400,000 Bengali women in a systematic campaign of mass murder and genocidal sexual violence. In their investigation of the genocide, the Geneva-based International Commission of Jurists concluded that Pakistan's campaign involved the attempt to exterminate or forcibly remove a significant portion of the country's Hindu populace.
Motiur Rahman Nizami was a politician, former Minister of Bangladesh, Islamic scholar, writer, and the former leader of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. He is noted for leading the terror squad Al-Badr during the Bangladesh Liberation War. On 29 October 2014, he was convicted of masterminding the Demra massacre by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh. Nizami was the Member of Parliament for the Pabna-1 constituency from 1991 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2006. He also served as the Bangladeshi Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Industry.
The Razakar was an East Pakistani paramilitary force organised by General Tikka Khan in then East Pakistan, now called Bangladesh, during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
The Al-Badr was a paramilitary force composed mainly of Bihari Muslims which operated in East Pakistan against the Bengali nationalist movement during the Bangladesh Liberation War, under the patronage of the Pakistani government.
The Al-Shams was an anti-Bangladesh paramilitary wing of several Islamist parties in East Pakistan composed of local Bengalis and Muhajirs that along with the Pakistan Army and the Al-Badr, is accused of conducting a mass killing campaign against Bengali nationalists, civilians, religious and ethnic minorities during 1971. The group was banned by the independent government of Bangladesh, but most of its members had fled the country during and after the Bangladesh Liberation War, which led to Bangladesh's independence.
Muhammad Kamaruzzaman was a Bangladeshi politician and journalist who served as the senior assistant secretary general of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami and was convicted of war crimes during the 1971 Liberation war of Bangladesh. He was executed by hanging at Dhaka Central Jail at 22:01 on 11 April 2015.
East Pakistan Central Peace Committee, also known as the Nagorik Shanti Committee, or more commonly Peace Committee or Shanti Committee, was one of several committees formed in East Pakistan in 1971 by the Pakistan Army to aid its efforts in crushing the struggle for Bangladesh's liberation. Nurul Amin, as a leader of Pakistan Democratic Party, led the formation of the Shanti Committee to thwart the Mukti Bahini, Which fought for the liberation of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Genocide Remembrance Day is held in the memory of victims of 1971 Bangladesh genocide and massacre by Pakistan Army and organisations created and abetted by Pakistan Army such as Razakars and so-called "East Pakistan Central Peace Committee".
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, previously known as Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, is a major Islamist political party in Bangladesh.
Akhira massacre was a massacre of the emigrating Hindus of the then Dinajpur district near Baraihat on 17 April 1971 by the Pakistani army with collaboration from the local Razakars. It is estimated that around 100 Hindus were killed in the massacre.
During the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, members of the Pakistani military and Razakar paramilitary force raped between 200,000 and 400,000 Bengali women and girls in a systematic campaign of genocidal rape. Most of the rape victims of the Pakistani Army and its allies were Hindu women. Some of these women died in captivity or committed suicide, while others moved from Bangladesh to India. Imams and Muslim religious leaders declared the women "war booty". The activists and leaders of Islamic parties are also accused to be involved in the rapes and abduction of women.
Char Bhadrasan massacre refers to the massacre of around 60 unarmed Bengali Hindu residents in Char Bhadrasan in Faridpur district of East Pakistan by the Pakistani occupation army and the Razakars in the middle of May 1971. Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed, the leader of Jamaat-e-Islami led a team of Razakars and Pakistani army to the Hindu-dominated villages of Baidyadangi, Majhidangi and Baladangi where they massacred 50-60 unarmed Bengali Hindus. The attackers set fire to 300-350 Hindu households forcing them to flee the country.
Naria massacre refers to the massacre of 28 Bengali Hindus of Naria village in the district of Sylhet in East Pakistan on 5 May 1971 by the Pakistani occupation army.
Dakra massacre refers to the massacre of unarmed Hindu refugees at the village of Dakra, in the Bagerhat sub-division of Khulna District on 21 May 1971 by the Peace Committee members and the Razakars. The attackers were led by Rajab Ali Fakir, the chairman of the Bagerhat sub-divisional Peace Committee. It is alleged that 646 men, women and children were killed in the massacre.
Abul Kalam Azad was a former Bangladeshi politician of the Jamaat-e-Islami, televangelist and convicted war criminal of the Bangladesh liberation war.
On 5 February 2013, protests ignited in Shahbagh, Bangladesh, fueled by the call for the execution of the convicted war criminal Abdul Quader Mollah. Previously sentenced to life imprisonment, Mollah was convicted on five of six counts of war crimes by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh. Mollah supported the West Pakistan during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War and played a crucial role in the murder of numerous Bengali nationalists and intellectuals. The demonstrations also sought the government's ban on the radical right-wing and conservative-Islamist group, Jamaat-e-Islami from participating in politics, including elections, and a boycott of institutions supporting or affiliated with the group.
The movement demanding trial of war criminals is a protest movement in Bangladesh, from 1972 to present demanding trial of the perpetrators of 1971 Bangladesh genocide during the Bangladesh Liberation War from Pakistan.
Muktijuddho e-Archive, also known as Bangladesh Liberation War e-Archive, is a 'Library, Archive & Research' organization, founded in 2007, working with collection, preservation & distribution of historical documents & research on the Liberation War of Bangladesh and Genocide of Innocent Bengali People in 1971. It was previously known as 'Bangladesh Liberation War Library & Research Centre', later on March, 2016, it was registered under existing Trust Law of Bangladesh as 'Muktijuddho e-Archive Trust'. On 14 November 2016, it was officially inaugurated.
Genocide Remembrance Day is a national day of remembrance in Bangladesh observed on 25 March in commemoration of the victims of the Bangladesh genocide during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.