The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in the territory of present-day Romania (numbers may be approximate):
Name | Date | Present location | Deaths | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Siculeni massacre | 7 January 1764 | Csík-Mádéfalva, Principality of Transylvania, Habsburg monarchy (today Siculeni, Harghita County) | 400 Székelys | Memorial plaque unveiled on the spot in 1899 mentions 200 victims. |
Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan | late 1784 | Grand Principality of Transylvania, Habsburg Monarchy (today primarily Hunedoara County, Alba County, and Arad County, to a lesser extent also Brașov County, Sibiu County, Cluj County, Timiș County) | About 4,000 victims | Mostly Hungarian nobles and Hungarian civilians in towns were targeted in a total of 133 settlements. Further thousands were forcedly converted to Romanian Orthodoxy. [1] |
Mihalț massacre | 2 June 1848 | Michelsdorf, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Mihalț, Alba County) | 12 armed Romanian peasants | After an illegal attack on a noble estate in the village, thousands of armed peasants from Obreja, Cistei, and Crăciunelu de Jos gathered to refuse the entry of the imperial investigative committee, and the entry of the official regiment sent by Anton von Puchner, commander in chief of the Austrian troops in Transylvania. The resulting armed clash killed 12 Romanian peasants and 1 Hungarian soldier. This was the first Transylvanian armed conflict in 1848 and played a major role in the exacerbation of political-ethnic differences in the region. |
Nadab massacre | 10 September 1848 | Nadab, Arad County, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Nădab, Arad County) | 3 ethnic Romanians | Hungarian troops killed ethnic Romanian civilians after they opposed conscription. [2] |
Aranyoslóna massacre | 12 September 1848 | Aranyoslóna | 30 Romanians | Hungarian troops massacred ethnic Romanian civilians after they tried to avoid conscription. |
Geoagiu massacre | October 1848 | Gergesdorf, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Geoagiu, Hunedoara County) | 85 ethnic Hungarians [3] : 424 | Mostly civilians |
Bucerdea Vinoasă massacre | October 1848 | Botschard, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Bucerdea Vinoasă, Alba County) | 73 ethnic Hungarians [3] : 424 | Mostly civilians |
Stremț massacre | October 1848 | Nussschloss, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Stremț, Alba County) | 25 ethnic Hungarians [4] | Local noble families |
Alba Iulia massacre | October 1848 | Karlsburg, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Alba Iulia, Alba County) | 42 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians [3] : 337 |
Grindeni massacre | October 1848 | Gerendkeresztúr, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Grindeni, Mureș County) | 200 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians [3] : 424 |
Lunca Mureșului massacre | October 1848 | Holten, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Lunca Mureșului, Mureș County) | 60 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians [3] : 424 |
Hațeg massacre | October 1848 | Wallenthal, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Hațeg, Hunedoara County) | 15 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians massacred on the order of the Romanian Orthodox priest. [3] : 376 |
Ocna Mureș massacre | October 1848 | Miereschhall, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Ocna Mureș, Alba County) | 90 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians living in the town [3] : 376 |
Micăsasa massacre | October 1848 | Feigendorf, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Micăsasa, Sibiu County) | 150 ethnic Hungarians | All locals except for one family were massacred [5] |
Sângătin massacre | 14 October 1848 | Kleinenyed, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Sângătin, Sibiu County) | 140–175 ethnic Hungarians | Mostly civilians |
Zlatna massacre | 22–24 October 1848 | Kleinschlatten, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Zlatna, Alba County) | 8–10 Romanian spearmen 700 ethnic Hungarians | All the Hungarian civilians fled from the town but were raided near the village Presaca Ampoiului and were all massacred. The town was completely destroyed. [3] : 420 [6] : 682 [7] |
Ighiu massacre | 29 October 1848 | Grabendorf, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Ighiu, Alba County) | 200 ethnic Hungarians | The entire Hungarian population of the village, except for the Hungarian priest was massacred. [3] : 420 |
Bochia massacre | 30 October 1848 | Boklya, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Bochia, Arad County) | 30 ethnic Hungarians [3] : 424 | Mostly civilians |
Unirea massacre | 13 November 1848 | Oberwinz, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Unirea, Alba County) | 200 ethnic Hungarians [3] : 424 | The whole village was destroyed and most civilians massacred |
Aiud massacre | 8–17 January 1849 | Straßburg am Mieresch, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Aiud, Alba County) | 800–1,000 ethnic Hungarians | Mostly civilians. The whole city with the ancient Bethlen College was burned and destroyed. [6] : 682 Mass rape and torture. [8] |
Iara massacre | 15 and 17 January 1849 | Jahren, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Iara, Cluj County) | 150 ethnic Hungarians and 33 ethnic Romanians | Civilians [3] : 433 |
Benic massacre | January 1849 | Unter-Hahnenberg, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Benic, Alba County) | 400 ethnic Hungarians [3] : 424 | By the order of the Romanian Greek Catholic priest, the entire Hungarian population was wiped out [6] : 695 |
Heria massacre | January 1849 | Brenndorf, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Heria, Alba County) | 18 ethnic Hungarians | |
Abrud massacre | 9 and 17 May 1849 | Großschlatten, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Abrud, Alba County) | 1,100–1,200 ethnic Hungarians | Mass torture and rape. Casualties were mostly miners and officers and their families. [3] : 433 |
Buceș massacre | 9 May 1849 | Bucsesd, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Buceș, Hunedoara County) | 200 ethnic Hungarians | |
Butyin massacre | 6 August 1848 | Butyin, Arad County, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Buteni, Arad County) | 8 ethnic Romanians | Ethnic Romanians killed for opposing the plundering by Hungarian troops. [9] |
Massacres during the Peasants' Revolt | March–April 1907 | Western Moldavia and southern Wallachia, Kingdom of Romania | cca. 11,000 peasants | Peasants rebelling against economic conditions killed in various places across the country |
1916 Galați massacre | 13 June 1916 | Galați, Covurlui County, Kingdom of Romania (today Galați, Galați County) | 9 workers | Workers participating in an anti-war demonstration shot by the army |
Lăzarea massacre | 22 September 1916 | Gyergyószárhegy, Austria-Hungary (today Lăzarea, Harghita County) | 8 Hungarian civilians | The leadership of the village was shot in a mass grave without trial, further 57 civilians only escaped because a high-ranking officer arrived and stopped the massacre. [10] |
Beliș massacre | 8 November 1918 | Jósikafalva, Austria-Hungary (today Beliș, Cluj County) | 41–50 civilians | Mostly ethnic Romanians |
Theater's Square massacre | 13 December 1918 | Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania | up to 102 workers | Striking workers shot by the army |
Tărcaia and Grădinari massacres | 19 April 1919 | Köröstárkány and Kisnyégerfalva, Hungarian Soviet Republic (today Tărcaia and Grădinari, Bihor County) | 108 ethnic Hungarians | All civilians. [11] |
Lupeni massacre | 6 August 1929 | Lupeni, Hunedoara County, Kingdom of Romania | 22 workers | Striking workers shot by the army and the gendarmerie |
Grivița massacre | 16 February 1933 | Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania | 7 workers | Striking workers shot by the army and the gendarmerie |
1940 Galați massacre | 30 June 1940 | Galați, Covurlui County, Kingdom of Romania (today Galați, Galați County) | 80 to 400 Bessarabian and Jewish refugees | Bessarabians returning home and Jewish Romanians wanting to escape the anti-Semitic regime shot while waiting to cross into the Soviet Union |
Dorohoi pogrom | 1 July 1940 | Dorohoi, Dorohoi County, Kingdom of Romania (today Dorohoi, Botoșani County) | 53 Jews | Jewish community in Dorohoi claims the death toll between 165 and 200. [12] |
Nușfalău massacre | 8 September 1940 | Szilágynagyfalu, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Nușfalău, Sălaj County) | 11 ethnic Romanians | |
Treznea massacre | 9 September 1940 | Treznea, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Treznea, Sălaj County) | 93 ethnic Romanians and Jews | |
Ip massacre | 14 September 1940 | Ip, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Ip, Sălaj County) | 157 ethnic Romanians | 158, including an unborn child [13] |
Jilava massacre | 26 November 1940 | Jilava, Ilfov County, Kingdom of Romania | 64 political detainees | |
Bucharest pogrom | 22 January 1941 | Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania | 120 Jews | Other five Jews were missing and presumed dead. [14] |
Iași pogrom | 29 June - 6 July 1941 | Iași, Iași County, Kingdom of Romania | 13,266 Jews | Under the direction of Marshal Ion Antonescu, one third of the city's Jewish population was exterminated |
Aita Seacă massacre | 4 September 1944 | Szárazajta, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Aita Seacă, Covasna County) | 13–100 ethnic Romanians and 13 ethnic Hungarians | |
Luduș massacre | 5–13 September 1944 | Marosludas, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Luduș, Mureș County) | 15 Jews and 2 ethnic Romanians | |
Sărmașu massacre | 17 September 1944 | Nagysármás, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Sărmașu, Mureș County) | 126 Jews | |
Hărcana massacre | 24 September 1944 | Hărcana, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Hărcana, Cluj County) | 18 ethnic Romanians | |
Various massacres by the Maniu Guard | September–October 1944 | Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary | 49 ethnic Hungarians | Mihăileni, Gheorgheni, Sândominic, Zimbor, Aghireș, Huedin |
Moisei massacre | 14 October 1944 | Majszin, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Moisei, Maramureș County) | 29 ethnic Romanians | Two men were also seriously injured. [15] |
Eugen Grigore case | July 1974 | Ciurea, Iași County, Socialist Republic of Romania | 24 Romani | Around 50 other people were also injured. [16] |
Romanian Revolution of 1989 | 16–25 December 1989 | Main Romanian cities, Socialist Republic of Romania | 1,104 | |
Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș | 19–21 March 1990 | Târgu Mureș, Mureș County, Romania | 5 | Hundreds of people were also wounded. |
June 1990 Mineriad | 13–15 June 1990 | Bucharest, Romania | 6–100 | |
September 1991 Mineriad | 25–28 September 1991 | Bucharest, Romania | 4 | |
Hădăreni riots | 20 September 1993 | Hădăreni, Mureș County, Romania | 3 | |
2012 Bucharest hair salon shooting | 5 March 2012 | Bucharest, Romania | 5 | A 51-year old man killed 2 people and injured another 8 people in a salon in Bucharest. |
Gheorghe Dinca killings | 25 July 2019 | Caracal, Romania | 2 | A 65-year old man is suspected to kill 2 minor girls. |
Săpoca Hospital massacre | 18 August 2019 | Săpoca, Buzău County, Romania | 7 | A 38-year-old man hospitalised at The Săpoca Hospital killed 5 people and hurt 8 with an infusion stand |
Bascov killings | 9 August 2022 | Bascov, Argeș County, Romania | 5 | A 52-year-old mentally ill man killed 5 members of his family. [17] |
Timișoara killings | 29 June 2023 | Timișoara, Timiș County, Romania | 2 | A 38-year old man killed 2 elder people. |
Cluj-Napoca, or simply Cluj, is the second-most populous city in Romania and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country. Geographically, it is roughly equidistant from Bucharest, Budapest and Belgrade. Located in the Someșul Mic river valley, the city is considered the unofficial capital of the historical province of Transylvania. For some decades prior to the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, it was the official capital of the Grand Principality of Transylvania.
Romanian literature is the entirety of literature written by Romanian authors, although the term may also be used to refer to all literature written in the Romanian language or by any authors native to Romania.
Avram Iancu Cluj International Airport is an airport serving the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Initially known as Someșeni Airport, it is located 9 km (5.6 mi) east of the city centre, in the Someșeni area, which is now within the Cluj-Napoca city limits. The airport is named in honour of Romanian revolutionary Avram Iancu.
Ioan Lupaș was a Romanian historian, academic, politician, Orthodox theologian and priest. He was a member of the Romanian Academy.
Camil Bujor Mureşanu was a Romanian historian, professor and author.
Hungarian-Romanian relations are foreign relations between Hungary and Romania dating back to the Middle Ages and continuing after the Romanian unification in 1859 and independence in 1877. In the past, they involved Wallachia and Moldavia.
François Bréda was a Romanian essayist, poet, literary critic, literary historian, translator and theatrologist.
The 1848–1849 massacres in Transylvania were committed in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. According to Hungarian historian Ákos Egyed, 14,000 to 15,000 people were massacred in Transylvania in this period. The victims comprised 7,500–8,500 Hungarians, 4,400–6,000 Romanians, and about 500 Transylvanian Saxons, Armenians, Jews, and members of other groups.
The A3 motorway is a partially built motorway in Romania, planned to connect Bucharest with the Transylvania region and the north-western part of the country. It will be 596 km long and will run along the route: Ploiești, Brașov, Făgăraș, Sighișoara, Târgu Mureș, Cluj-Napoca, Zalău and Oradea, connecting with Hungary's M4 motorway near Borș.
Grigore George Tocilescu was a Romanian historian, archaeologist, epigrapher and folkorist, member of Romanian Academy.
Raluca Ripan was a Romanian chemist, and a titular member of the Romanian Academy. She wrote many treatises, especially in the field of analytical chemistry.
Ioan Axente Sever was a Romanian revolutionary in Austria-Hungary who participated in the Transylvanian Revolution of 1848.
Sărmașu massacre refers to the torture and massacre of 165 people, primarily Jews, committed by Hungarian paramilitaries in Sărmașu, Cluj-Turda County.
Eugen Chirnoagă was a Romanian chemist.
Ion Lapedatu was finance minister of Romania (1926-1927), Governor of the National Bank of Romania (1944-1945), and honorary member of the Romanian Academy.
There were numerous protests against the Romanian Government between 2017 and 2019. In January 2017, days after the government of the Grindeanu Cabinet was sworn into office in Romania, protests took place throughout the country against ordinance bills that were proposed by the Romanian Ministry of Justice regarding the pardoning of certain committed crimes, and the amendment of the Penal Code of Romania. At the heart of these protests is the community Corruption Kills, founded by Florin Bădiță, who alongside other civic groups organized what proved to be the largest protests since 1989, thus realizing the "Revolution of our generation".
Andrei-Nicolae Pippidi is a Romanian historian and professor emeritus at the University of Bucharest. He specialised in South-Eastern European history of the 15th–19th century, in Romanian history of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period, and in the relationship between South-Eastern Europe and the Occident.
The Nușfalău massacre occurred in the village of Szilágynagyfalu in Northern Transylvania. It happened on 8 September 1940, when a Hungarian soldier with the support of some natives tortured and killed eleven people of Romanian ethnicity from a nearby village, who were passing through the area.
Liga IV Cluj is the regional Liga IV football division for clubs in Cluj County, România, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. It is organized by the County Football Association and is competed amongst 14 teams, the winner is promoted to Liga III after a promotion play-off.
In 1974, Romanian truck driver Eugen Grigore drove his cargo truck into a group of tents belonging to Romani nomads, killing 24 people and injuring 50 others. Grigore served c. 27 years in prison. The case was not publicized at the time due to suppression by the Romanian state.
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)