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This is a list of massacres that have occurred in the modern day areas of Ukraine.
| This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
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This is a list of massacres that have occurred in the modern day areas of Ukraine.
| Name | Date | Location | Perpetrators | Deaths | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Siege of Kyiv [1] | November 28–December 6, 1240 | Kyiv |  Mongol Empire | 48,000 [2] | The Mongols under Batu Khan cross the frozen Dnieper River and lay siege to the city of Kiev. On December 6, the walls are rendered rubble by Chinese catapults and the Mongols pour into the city. Brutal hand-to-hand street fighting occurs, the Kievans are eventually forced to fall back to the central parts of the city. Many people take refuge in the Church of the Blessed Virgin. As scores of terrified Kievans climb onto the Church's upper balcony to shield themselves from Mongol arrows, their collective weight strain its infrastructure, causing the roof to collapse and crush countless citizens under its weight. Of a total population of 50,000, 48,000 are massacred. [1] |
| Cossack riots (Tach Vetat) | 1648–1649 | Nationwide | Cossacks | 20,000–100,000 Jews | See Jewish casualties of Tach Vetat for discussion of various estimates of the number of murdered |
| Batih massacre | June 3–4, 1652 | Batih | Cossacks | 3,500–8,000 Polish POWs | Also known as the "Sarmatian Katyń" |
| Sack of Baturyn | November 2, 1708 | Baturyn |  Russian Empire | ~7,000-15,000 Ukrainians | After the capture of the city, its entire civil population was massacred by Russian forces |
| Executions of Cossacks in Lebedyn | 1708-1709 | Lebedyn | Russian Empire | 900 | Executions of pro-Swedish Cossacks who betrayed the oath of allegiance to the Russian Tsar |
| Massacre of Uman | June 1768 | Uman | Ukrainian rebels | 2,000–33,000 Jews and Poles | Massacre of the Jews, Poles and Ukrainian Uniates by haidamaks |
| Kiev pogrom (1881) | May 7, 1881 | Kyiv | Unknown | ||
| Odessa pogrom (1905) | October 18 and 22, 1905 | Odesa | Ethnic Russian, Ukrainian, and Greek rioters | 400–1,000 Jews | |
| Kiev pogrom (1905) | October 31–November 2, 1905 | Kyiv | Ethnic Russian, Ukrainian, etc. rioters | 100 Jews | |
| Pogroms of the Russian Civil War | 1918–1923 | Ukraine and Southern Russia | AFSR, White movement (17-50% of killings) [3] [4] : 45 [5]  Green armies
| 50,000–250,000 Jews | Including Jews who were massacred in Southern Russia |
| Fastiv massacre | September 1919 | Fastiv |  White Army | 1,000–1,500 Jews | |
| Eichenfeld massacre | November 1919 | Eichenfeld, Katerynoslav |  Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine | 136 Mennonites | |
| Berdychiv massacre (1920) | 7 June 1920 | Berdychiv |  1st Cavalry Army | Hundreds of wounded Polish and Ukrainian soldiers, Red Cross workers and nuns. | Victims were burned alive in a hospital. [9] |
| Vinnytsia massacre | 1937–1938 | Vinnytsia |  Soviet Union | 9,432 Ukrainians and Poles | Part of the Great Purge. |
| Name | Date | Location | Perpetrators | Deaths | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kerch Polytechnic College massacre | October 17, 2018 | Kerch, Crimea | Vladislav Roslyakov | 21 | School shooting and nail-bomb attack |
| Bucha massacre | March 2022 | Bucha, Kyiv Oblast | Russia | 73-178+ (UN)/ 458 (Ukraine) | Killing of Ukrainian civilians during the Russian occupation |
| Olenivka prison massacre | 29 July 2022 | Molodizhne, Donetsk Oblast | Russia | 53–62 POWs | during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, a building housing Ukrainian prisoners of war in a Russian-operated prison in Molodizhne near Olenivka, Donetsk Oblast, was destroyed, killing 53 to 62 Ukrainian prisoners of war (POWs) and leaving 75 to 130 wounded. [11] |
| Volnovakha massacre | 27 October 2023 | Volnovakha | Russia | 9 | including two children |
These events involving multiple deaths in Ukraine are not widely known, or recognised, as 'massacres'.
A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews. The term entered the English language from Russian to describe 19th- and 20th-century attacks on Jews in the Russian Empire. Retrospectively, similar attacks against Jews which occurred in other times and places also became known as pogroms. Sometimes the word is used to describe publicly sanctioned purgative attacks against non-Jewish groups. The characteristics of a pogrom vary widely, depending on the specific incident, at times leading to, or culminating in, massacres.
Anton Ivanovich Denikin was a Russian military leader who served as the acting supreme ruler of the Russian State and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of South Russia during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923. Previously, he was a general in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I.
Yiddishism is a cultural and linguistic movement which began among Jews in Eastern Europe during the latter part of the 19th century. Some of the leading founders of this movement were Mendele Moykher-Sforim (1836–1917), I. L. Peretz (1852–1915), and Sholem Aleichem (1859–1916). The Yiddishist movement gained popularity alongside the growth of the Jewish Labor Bund and other Jewish political movements, particularly in the Russian Empire and United States. The movement also fluctuated throughout the 20th and 21st century because of the revival of the Hebrew language and the negative associations with the Yiddish language.
The Khmelnytsky Uprising, also known as the Cossack–Polish War, or the Khmelnytsky insurrection, was a Cossack rebellion that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which led to the creation of a Cossack Hetmanate in Ukraine. Under the command of hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the Zaporozhian Cossacks, allied with the Crimean Tatars and local Ukrainian peasantry, fought against Polish domination and the Commonwealth's forces. The insurgency was accompanied by mass atrocities committed by Cossacks against the civilian population, especially against the Roman Catholic and Ruthenian Uniate clergy and the Jews, as well as savage reprisals by Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, the voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodeship.
Berdychiv is a historic city in Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Berdychiv Raion within the oblast. It is 44 km (27 mi) south of the administrative center of the oblast, Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately 73,046.
Galician Jews or Galitzianers are members of the subgroup of Ashkenazi Jews originating and developed in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and Bukovina from contemporary western Ukraine and from south-eastern Poland. Galicia proper, which was inhabited by Ruthenians, Poles and Jews, became a royal province within Austria-Hungary after the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century. Galician Jews primarily spoke Yiddish.
The history of the Jews in Ukraine dates back over a thousand years; Jewish communities have existed in the modern territory of Ukraine from the time of the Kievan Rus'. Important Jewish religious and cultural movements, from Hasidism to Zionism, arose there. According to the World Jewish Congress, the Jewish community in Ukraine constitutes Europe's third-largest and the world's fifth-largest.
The Katyn massacre was a series of mass executions of nearly 22,000 Polish military and police officers, border guards, and intelligentsia prisoners of war carried out by the Soviet Union, specifically the NKVD, at Stalin's order in April and May 1940. Though the killings also occurred in the Kalinin and Kharkiv NKVD prisons and elsewhere, the massacre is named after the Katyn forest, where some of the mass graves were first discovered by German Nazi forces in 1943.
Ukrainian nationalism is the promotion of the unity of Ukrainians as a people and the promotion of the identity of Ukraine as a nation state. The origins of modern Ukrainian nationalism emerge during the Cossack uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky in the mid-17th century. Ukrainian nationalism draws upon a single national identity of culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics, religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history.
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The Holocaust in Russia is the Nazi crimes during the occupation of Russia by Nazi Germany.
The General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia, generally called The Bund or the Jewish Labour Bund, was a secular Jewish socialist party initially formed in the Russian Empire and active between 1897 and 1920. In 1917, the Bund organizations in Poland seceded from the Russian Bund and created a new Polish General Jewish Labour Bund which continued to operate in Poland in the years between the two world wars. The majority faction of the Russian Bund was dissolved in 1921 and incorporated into the Communist Party. Other remnants of the Bund endured in various countries. A member of the Bund was called a Bundist.
Gershon David Hundert was a Canadian historian of Early Modern Polish Jewry and Leanor Segal Professor at McGill University.
This article presents the timeline of selected events concerning the history of the Jews in Lithuania and Belarus from the fourteenth century when the region was ruled by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
The Fastov massacre was a pogrom against the Jewish population of the Ukrainian city of Fastov in September 1919 by units of the White Army.
The pogroms during the Russian Civil War were a wave of mass murders of Jews, primarily in Ukraine, during the Russian Civil War. In the years 1918–1920, there were 1,500 pogroms in over 1,300 localities, in which up to 250,000 were murdered. All armed forces operating in Ukraine were involved in the killings, in particular the anti-Communist Ukrainian People's Army and Armed Forces of South Russia. It is estimated that more than a million people were affected by material losses, 50,000 to 300,000 children were orphaned, and half a million were driven out from or fled their homes.
