Mariupol theatre airstrike

Last updated

Mariupol theatre airstrike
Part of the siege of Mariupol during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Mariupol Drama Theatre Destroyed 2.jpg
Damage to the theatre after the airstrike
Location Donetsk Regional Drama Theatre
Mariupol, Ukraine
Date16 March 2022 (2022-03-16) (UTC+3)
Target Civilians using the theatre as an air raid shelter
Attack type
 Airstrike
DeathsEstimates range from 12 [1] to over 600 [2]
PerpetratorsBanner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (obverse).svg  Russian Armed Forces

On 16 March 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian Armed Forces [1] [3] bombed the Donetsk Academic Regional Drama Theatre in Mariupol, Ukraine. It was used as an air raid shelter during the siege of Mariupol, sheltering a large number of civilians. The estimations of the number of deaths that occurred due to the bombing have varied, from at least 12 and "likely many more" [1] (Amnesty International) to as many as 600 (Associated Press). [2] [lower-alpha 1]

Contents

The Ukrainian government accused the Russian Armed Forces of deliberately bombing the theatre while it was sheltering civilians. [5] Russia denied the allegations. [6] The Russian claim has been refuted by independent investigations.

The theatre is among the Ukrainian heritage and cultural sites destroyed during the invasion. [7] The attack has been classified as a war crime by both the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and Amnesty International. [1] [8]

Background

The theatre in May 2021, ten months before the airstrike Donets'kii akademichnii oblasnii dramatichnii teatr.jpg
The theatre in May 2021, ten months before the airstrike

On 24 February 2022, the Russian Armed Forces, working together with pro-Russian militias, besieged the port city of Mariupol, leading to heavy casualties. Supplies such as food, gas, and electricity were cut off during the siege. [9] By 17 March, the mayor of Mariupol, Serhiy Orlov, estimated that 80–90 per cent of the city had been destroyed due to shelling. [10]

Mariupol city council officials stated that the theatre was the largest single air raid shelter in the city, sheltering 500 [3] to 1,200 [5] civilians, and at the time of the attack, women and children were sheltering in it. [11]

Satellite images of the theatre taken on 14 March show the word "children" (Russian : "дети") spelled out in two locations on the square outside the theatre. The message was an attempt to identify the building to attacking forces as a civilian air raid shelter containing children, and not a military target. [12]

Attack

The severely damaged theatre (view from the road) Mariupol Drama Theatre Destroyed 1.jpg
The severely damaged theatre (view from the road)

On 16 March 2022, Ukraine accused Russian forces of shelling civilian areas in Mariupol. Artillery hit numerous locations, including a swimming pool building and a vehicle convoy; [14] shelling then struck the theatre, reducing the building to rubble. [15]

The time of the attack on the Donetsk Regional Academic Drama Theatre was shortly after 10 am. [1]

The bomb shelter in the basement of the theatre survived the bombing, but many people were still trapped underneath the burning rubble. [16] A member of the Ukrainian parliament from Mariupol, Dmytro Gurin, said that the rescue efforts were hampered due to continued attacks on the area by Russian forces. [17]

On 25 March, videos allegedly showing the immediate aftermath of the attack emerged on social media: a first video showed people covered in dust descending from the partially destroyed upper floors of the building; and a second video showed the site of the impact. [18]

Victims

On 17 March, the number of casualties was unclear; some emerged alive. [19]

By 18 March, around 130 survivors had been rescued. [20] [21] The Mariupol City Council stated that according to initial information, no one had been killed, although one person was gravely wounded. [22]

On 25 March, the Mariupol City Council estimated that about 300 people had been killed as a result of the airstrike. [23] [24]

On 25 March, The Washington Post published an investigation that cited witnesses that said that all families that had been sheltering in the theatre's basement had escaped unscathed and evacuations had begun before the bombing. [25]

On 4 May, the Associated Press (AP) published an investigation with evidence pointing to 600 dead in the airstrike. Many survivors estimated that around 200 people –including rescuers– had escaped through the main exit or one side entrance; the other side and the back were crushed. [2]

On 7 June 2022, Human Rights Watch and Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group separately announced that Ukrainian refugees, as well as civilians forcibly deported to Russia, were being pressured and intimidated to implicate Ukrainian military personnel in war crimes. This includes a case where a refugee was pressured to implicate the Azov Regiment in the theatre airstrike. [26]

Reaction

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy accused Russia of committing a war crime. [12]

Russian media have widely reported that the Russian Ministry of Defence denied responsibility for the bombing and accused the Azov Regiment of planning and carrying out the theatre bombing instead. [9] [12] They claimed that no Russian forces carried out air strikes within the city and blamed Azov Regiment for "taking hostages" of civilians and blowing up the upper floors of the theatre. [27]

Italy's Minister of Culture, Dario Franceschini, made an offer to the Ukrainian government to rebuild the theatre. [28]

Independent reports

On 13 April, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) published a report which covered the Mariupol theatre airstrike.

Russia does not claim that it was a legitimate target but that it was blown up by the Ukrainian Azov battalion. The Mission did not receive any indication that this could be the case... This incident constitutes most likely an egregious violation of IHL and those who ordered or executed it committed a war crime. [8] : 48 

On 4 May, the Associated Press published an investigation of the airstrike, increasing the Ukrainian government's estimate of about 300 to 600 dead. It also refuted Russian claims that the theatre was demolished by Ukrainian forces or served as a Ukrainian military base: [2]

None of the witnesses saw Ukrainian soldiers operating inside the building. And not one person doubted that the theater was destroyed in a Russian air attack aimed with precision at a civilian target everyone knew was the city’s largest bomb shelter, with children in it.

On 30 June 2022, Amnesty International concluded that the airstrike was perpetrated by Russian forces which used two 500-kilogram (1,100 lb) bombs, and that it is a war crime. [1]

Many people were injured and killed in this merciless attack. Their deaths were likely caused by Russian forces deliberately targeting Ukrainian civilians. The International Criminal Court, and all others with jurisdiction over crimes committed during this conflict, must investigate this attack as a war crime. All those responsible must be held accountable for causing such death and destruction.

Amnesty International believes that at least a dozen people were killed by the strike and likely many more, and that many others were seriously injured. This estimate is lower than previous counts, reflecting the fact that large numbers of people had left the theatre during the two days prior to the attack, and most of those who remained were in the theatre’s basement and other areas that were protected from the full brunt of the blast. [1]

Aftermath

On July 11, 2022 Ukrainian media reported that the theatre rubble was cleared by Russians and bodies of victims were allegedly taken away to an unknown place. [29] [30] [31]

A Potemkin village–styled scene has been built around the ruins of the theatre. [32]

In February 2023, Russian journalist Maria Ponomarenko  [ sv ] was sentenced to six years in prison under Russia's war censorship laws for publishing information about the Mariupol theatre airstrike. [33]

On 29 March 2023 InformNapalm published a report in which they accused Colonel Sergey Atroshchenko, commander of the 960th Assault Aviation Regiment of the Russian Air Force (VVSR) of leading the assault, which started from the Primorsko-Akhtarsk airbase in Krasnodar Krai. [34]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ At least 11 (eleven) are confirmed by a Russian source. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mariupol</span> City in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine

Mariupol is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is situated on the northern coast (Pryazovia) of the Sea of Azov, at the mouth of the Kalmius River. Prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it was the tenth-largest city in the country and the second-largest city in Donetsk Oblast, with an estimated population of 425,681 people in January 2022; Ukrainian authorities estimate the current population of Mariupol at approximately 120,000. Mariupol has been occupied by Russian forces since May 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Donetsk Academic Regional Drama Theater</span> Theatre in Mariupol, Ukraine

Donetsk Academic Regional Drama Theatre was a theatre in Mariupol in southern Ukraine. The modern theatre was constructed in 1960 in the approximate location of the former Church of Mary Magdalene. The theatre was known as Donetsk Regional Drama Theatre before it was given academic status in November 2007. It was largely destroyed by Russian military airstrikes on 16 March 2022, resulting in the deaths of around 600 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azovstal Iron and Steel Works</span> Former metallurgical facility in Ukraine

The Azovstal Iron and Steel Works, or Azovstal Metallurgical Combine, was a metallurgical facility located in Mariupol in eastern Ukraine, and one of the largest steel rolling companies in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Mariupol (2014)</span> 2014 battle in the war in Donbas

During the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine in the aftermath of the Revolution of Dignity, the city of Mariupol, in Donetsk Oblast, saw skirmishes break out between Ukrainian government forces, local police, and separatist militants affiliated with the Donetsk People's Republic. Government forces withdrew from Mariupol on 9 May 2014 after heavy fighting left the city's police headquarters gutted by fire. These forces maintained checkpoints outside the city. Intervention by Metinvest steelworkers on 15 May 2014 led to the removal of barricades from the city centre, and the resumption of patrols by local police. Separatists continued to operate a headquarters in another part of the city until their positions were overrun in a government offensive on 13 June 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azov Brigade</span> Ukrainian National Guard brigade

The 12th Special Operations Brigade "Azov" is a formation of the National Guard of Ukraine formerly based in Mariupol, in the coastal region of the Sea of Azov, from which it derives its name. It was founded in May 2014 as the Azov Battalion, a self-funded volunteer militia under the command of Andriy Biletsky, to fight Russian-backed forces in the Donbas War. It was formally incorporated into the National Guard on 11 November 2014, and redesignated Special Operations Detachment "Azov", also known as the Azov Regiment. In February 2023, the Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs announced that Azov was to be expanded as a brigade of the new Offensive Guard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shyrokyne standoff</span> 2015 battle in the Donbas war in Ukraine

The Shyrokyne standoff was a battle for the control of the strategic village of Shyrokyne, located approximately 11 km (6.8 mi) east of Mariupol city limits, between Ukrainian forces led by the Azov Regiment, and Russian-backed separatists, between February and July 2015. It was part of the larger war in Donbas. On 10 February 2015, the Azov Regiment launched a surprise offensive against pro-Russian separatists associated with the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) with the aim of pushing the separatist forces away from Mariupol city limits. The village is located just 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Ukrainian-controlled city of Mariupol, and was used as a launching point for separatist attacks on the city, which served as the administrative centre of Donetsk Oblast whilst DPR forces control Donetsk city. Fighting continued until 3 July 2015, when DPR forces unilaterally withdrew from Shyrokyne. Subsequently a cease-fire was declared in the area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sartana, Ukraine</span> Urban locality in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine

Sartana is an rural settlement on the banks of the river Kalmius in Donetsk oblast, eastern Ukraine. It was administratively part of the Kalmiuskyi District before 2020, and is now part of Mariupol Raion, and the settlement has close proximity to the city of Mariupol. The name of the village means "yellow calf" in the Urum language. Of the population of the settlement, about 10,070, the majority is ethnic Greek and speak the Greek language fluently.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian war crimes</span> Violations of the laws of war committed by the Russian Federation

Russian war crimes are violations of international criminal law including war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of genocide which the official armed and paramilitary forces of Russia have committed or been accused of committing since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, as well as the aiding and abetting of crimes by proto-statelets or puppet statelets which are armed and financed by Russia, including the Luhansk People's Republic and the Donetsk People's Republic. These have included murder, torture, terror, persecution, deportation and forced transfer, enforced disappearance, child abductions, rape, looting, unlawful confinement, inhumane acts, unlawful airstrikes and attacks against civilian objects, use of banned chemical weapons, and wanton destruction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine</span>

Since the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the Russian military and authorities have committed war crimes, such as deliberate attacks against civilian targets, including on hospitals, medical facilities and on the energy grid; indiscriminate attacks on densely-populated areas; the abduction, torture and murder of civilians; forced deportations; sexual violence; destruction of cultural heritage; and the killing and torture of Ukrainian prisoners of war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Mariupol</span> Siege in the Russian invasion of Ukraine

The siege of Mariupol began on 24 February 2022 and lasted until 20 May, as part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It saw fighting between the Russian Armed Forces and the Ukrainian Armed Forces for control over the city of Mariupol in southeastern Ukraine. Lasting for almost three months, the siege ended in a victory for Russia and the Donetsk People's Republic, as Ukraine lost control of the city amidst Russia's eastern Ukraine offensive and southern Ukraine offensive; all Ukrainian troops remaining in the city surrendered at the Azovstal Iron and Steel Works on 20 May 2022, after they were ordered to cease fighting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mariupol hospital airstrike</span> Russian war crime during the Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 9 March 2022, the Russian Air Force bombed Maternity Hospital No. 3, a hospital complex functioning both as a children's hospital and maternity ward in Mariupol, Ukraine, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, killing at least four people and injuring at least sixteen, and leading to at least one stillbirth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ukrainian culture during the Russian invasion of Ukraine</span> Overview of Ukrainian cultural heritage during the Russian invasion

Russia began an invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War that began in 2014. It is the largest military attack in Europe since World War II. During the fighting, many pieces of Ukrainian cultural heritage were either destroyed, damaged, or put at risk due to the widespread destruction across the country. This deliberate destruction and looting of over 500 Ukrainian cultural heritage sites is considered a war crime and has been described by Ukraine's Minister of Culture as cultural genocide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mykolaiv cluster bombing</span> Bombing during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 13 March 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian Armed Forces bombed Mykolaiv with cluster munitions, killing nine civilians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mikhail Mizintsev</span> Russian military commander (born 1962)

Mikhail Yevgenyevich Mizintsev is a Russian colonel general. He headed the National Defense Management Center of Russia, served as the deputy minister of defence of Russia for logistics from 24 September 2022 to 27 April 2023, and later in Wagner Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Denys Prokopenko</span> Ukrainian military commander (born 1991)

Denys Hennadiyovych Prokopenko is a Ukrainian military officer who is a Lieutenant Colonel of the National Guard of Ukraine and Commander of the 12th Special Forces Brigade "Azov", as well as a prominent participant of the Russian-Ukrainian war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bombing of Borodianka</span> War crime during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

The town of Borodianka was bombed extensively by the Russian Armed Forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The most significant using of incendiary weapons were used a number of times during the Russo-Ukrainian War. Russians were accused of using white phosphorus bombs multiple times; in the Battle of Kyiv and against Kramatorsk in March 2022, against dug-in defenders at the Azovstal steel plant in Mariupol in May 2022, and in Marinka over the 2022 Christmas holiday. White phosphorus is a toxic chemical, and exposure to vapors leads to long-term ailments of the body, up to permanent disfigurement and death through organ failure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine</span>

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian military have carried out deliberate attacks against civilian targets and indiscriminate attacks in densely-populated areas. The United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine says the Russian military exposed the civilian population to unnecessary and disproportionate harm by using cluster bombs and by firing other weapons with wide-area effects into civilian areas, such as missiles, heavy artillery shells and multiple launch rockets. As of 2024, the attacks had resulted in the UN-documented deaths of between 11,000 and estimated 40,000 dead civilians. On 22 April 2022, the UN reported that of the 2,343 civilian casualties it had been able to document, it could confirm 92.3% of these deaths were as a result of the actions of the Russian armed forces.

This timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine covers the period from 24 February 2022, when Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine, to 7 April 2022 when fighting focused away from the north and towards the south and east of Ukraine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War</span>

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Russo-Ukrainian War:

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Ukraine: Deadly Mariupol Theatre Strike 'A Clear War Crime' By Russian Forces". Amnesty International . 30 June 2022. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Hinnant, Lori; Chernov, Mstyslav; Stepanenko, Vasilisa (4 May 2022). "AP evidence points to 600 dead in Mariupol theater airstrike". Associated Press . Archived from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  3. 1 2 "Ukraine: Mariupol Theater Hit by Russian Attack Sheltered Hundreds". Human Rights Watch . 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  4. ↑ "В Мариуполе при разборе завалов драмтеатра нашли тела 11 человек" [In Mariupol, during the analysis of the rubble of the drama theatre, the bodies of 11 people were found]. www.kommersant.ru (in Russian). 24 April 2022. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  5. 1 2 Bachega, Hugo (16 March 2022). "Ukraine war: Russia attacks theatre sheltering civilians, Mariupol says". BBC News. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  6. ↑ "Russia accuses Ukraine of trying to frame it over Mariupol theatre attack". Reuters. 17 March 2022. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  7. ↑ Cascone, Sarah (23 March 2022). "A Mariupol Museum Dedicated to One of Ukraine's Most Important Realist Painters Has Reportedly Been Destroyed by Russian Airstrikes". Artnet News. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  8. 1 2 Benedek, Wolfgang; Bílková, Veronika; Sassòli, Marco (13 April 2022). "Report on Violations of international Humanitarian and Human Rights Law, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity Committed in Ukraine since 24 February 2022" (PDF). OSCE . Warsaw. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  9. 1 2 "Historic Theater Sheltering Mariupol Civilians Hit By Air Strike, Number Of Casualties Unknown". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . AP, AFP, dpa, and BBC. 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022. Up to 1,200 people may have been inside the theater, the city's deputy mayor Serhiy Orlov said.
  10. ↑ Tondo, Lorenzo (17 March 2022). "Survivors leaving basement of Mariupol theatre after airstrike, say officials". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  11. ↑ Lister, Tim (16 March 2022). "Russia bombs theater where hundreds sought shelter and 'children' was written on grounds". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 Hayes, Andy (16 March 2022). "Ukraine war: People buried under rubble after Mariupol theatre sheltering hundreds is hit by Russian bomb, officials say". Sky News. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  13. ↑ Росіяни завдали авіаудару по Драмтеатру і басейну "Нептун" у Маріуполі, а також з Градів обстріляли авто колону, що йшла на Запоріжжя [The Russians launched an air strike on the Drama Theatre and the Neptune swimming pool in Mariupol, as well as fired on a convoy going to Zaporizhia from Grady]. Донецька обласна державна адміністрація[Donetsk Regional State Administration] (Press Release). 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  14. ↑ "Войска РФ нанесли удар по бассейну "Нептун" в Мариуполе, где прятались беременные (видео)" [Russian troops attacked the Neptune pool in Mariupol, where pregnant women were hiding (video)]. ФОКУС (in Russian). 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  15. ↑ "Mariupol: Russia accused of bombing theatre and swimming pool sheltering civilians". the Guardian. 17 March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  16. ↑ Mayer, Chloe (17 March 2022). "'It's a miracle': Mariupol theater victims survive Russian bombing". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  17. ↑ "Mariupol theatre: 'We knew something terrible would happen'". BBC News. 17 March 2022. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  18. ↑ @K_Loukerenko (25 March 2022). "First known to me footage of the Mariupol Drama theatre soon..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  19. ↑ Butenko, Victoria (17 March 2022). "People are emerging from the bombed Mariupol theater building, Ukrainian official says". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  20. ↑ Sabin, Lamiat (18 March 2022). "Ukraine says 130 people rescued so far from bombed Mariupol theatre". The Independent . Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  21. ↑ "Zelenskyy: 130 rescued, 'hundreds' under Mariupol theatre rubble". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  22. ↑ "130 Rescued in Ukrainian Theater Bombing, Search for Missing Continues". Voice of America. 18 March 2022. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  23. ↑ "Ukraine fears 300 people were killed in Mariupol theatre bombed by Russia as families sheltered". www.independent.co.uk. 25 March 2022. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  24. ↑ "Satellite images show apparent devastation, hunger in Mariupol". NBC News. 30 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  25. ↑ "Inside the Mariupol theater attack: 'I heard screams constantly' - the Washington Post". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  26. ↑ Lanting, Bert (7 June 2022). "HRW: Oekraïense vluchtelingen in Rusland worden onder druk ondervraagd" [HRW: Ukrainian refugees in Russia are interrogated under pressure]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  27. ↑ "Azov battalion militants blow up Mariupol theater building — Defense Ministry". TASS . 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  28. ↑ "Ukraine: Italy ready to rebuild Mariupol theatre says min". ANSA. 17 March 2022. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  29. ↑ "Россияне разобрали завалы и вывезли тела из Драмтеатра Мариуполя – установить количество жертв невозможно" [Russians have dismantled rubble and have moved bodies elsewhere from Mariupol Drama Theatre – It's impossible to identify exact amount of victims]. www.ukrinform.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  30. ↑ "Оккупанты разобрали завалы и вывезли тела из драмтеатра Мариуполя – советник мэра" [Occupants have dismantled rubble and took bodies from Mariupol Theatre away – Mayor adviser]. ТСН.ua (in Russian). 20 May 2022. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  31. ↑ Лукащукова, Елизавета (3 May 2022). "Тяжелую технику привлекли к разбору завалов драмтеатра в Мариуполе" [Heavy equipment was involved in the analysis of the rubble of the drama theater in Mariupol]. Ямал-Медиа. Retrieved 11 July 2022.[ permanent dead link ]
  32. ↑ The Russian coverup of the destroyed Mariupol Drama Theater observed on November 30. - Satellite image ©2022 Maxar Technologies. Archived 4 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine www.understandingwar.org
  33. ↑ "Russia Jails Anti-War Journalist 6 Years for 'Fake News'". The Moscow Times . 15 February 2023.
  34. ↑ "Hacking a Russian war criminal, commander of 960th Assault Aviation Regiment". 29 March 2023.
External image
Searchtool.svg A satellite image by Maxar Technologies shows the aftermath of the bombing. The word 'children' (Russian: дети) written in large white letters on the pavement is visible at the front and rear of the building.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.