List of incidents
| Date | Non-combatant country | Committed by | Nature of violation |
|---|---|---|---|
| February 24, 2022 |  Romania |  Ukraine | On the starting day of the invasion, a Ukrainian Air Force Sukhoi Su-27 fighter suffered some technical problems which resulted in the loss of communication with its home base. The fighter accidentally entered Romanian airspace and was intercepted by two Romanian F-16 fighters which escorted it to the 95th Air Base in Bacău. After its technical problems were fixed, the Ukrainian aircraft was returned without its armament on March 1, being escorted by two MiG-21 LanceRs to the border where other Ukrainian aircraft took over. [1] [2] |
| March 2, 2022 |  Sweden |  Russia | Four Russian Su-24s and Su-27s violated the airspace of Sweden above the Baltic Sea east of Gotland. The Swedish Air Force, using a JAS 39 Gripen, photographed the event. [3] [4] |
| March 10, 2022 |  Croatia  Hungary Romania | Undisclosed | 2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash: An unmanned drone, a Tupolev Tu-141, crashed in Zagreb, the capital city of Croatia, after travelling through Croatian, Hungarian and Romanian airspace. [5] [6] Both Ukraine and Russia denied ownership of the drone. [7] [8] Croatian Minister of Defense Mario Banožić said in an interview that the governments of Croatia and other NATO member states in the drone's flight path know who launched the drone, but the information had been declared a state secret. [9] |
| March 14, 2022 | Romania | Russia | A Russian Orlan-10 drone crashed in the Bistrița-Năsăud County. Initially thought to be a privately owned commercial drone, it was soon identified to be an Orlan-10 of the Russian army. [10] [11] |
| April 29, 2022 | Sweden | Russia | A Russian Antonov An-30 violated the airspace of Sweden south of Blekinge in the Friday evening. The violation lasted for less than one minutes. [12] |
| November 15, 2022 |  Poland | Ukraine | 2022 missile explosion in Poland: A Ukrainian air-defence missile became out of control and crashed into a grain facility in the village of Przewodów, killing two people. [13] |
| December 16, 2022 | Poland | Russia | During a Russian missile attack on Ukraine, Polish radar detected an unidentified object in their airspace, but neither the United States F-15 or Polish MiG-29 fighter jets operating nearby were able to visually identify it before it disappeared from radar. On April 27, 2023, remains of a Kh-55 cruise missile were discovered by a horseback rider in a forest near the city of Bydgoszcz in northern Poland; according to the Polish Air Force Institute of Technology, the missile was likely fired by a Russian Su-34 during the December 16, 2022 attack on Ukraine but unintentionally veered off course, travelling through Belarusian airspace into Poland before crashing. [14] [15] The discovery provoked a political controversy in Poland regarding why the airspace violation had not been made public at the time, and why Polish air defence and radar systems had lost track of the missile. [14] |
| February 10, 2023 |  Moldova | Russia | A Russian missile violated Moldovan airspace, resulting in the Russian ambassador to Moldova being summoned in protest. [16] |
| August 1, 2023 | Poland |  Belarus | Two Belarusian helicopters violated Polish airspace, with the Belarusian chargé d'affaires summoned by Poland in response. [17] |
| September 4–9, 2023 | Romania | Russia | A Russian drone fell on Romanian territory during the attacks on the night of September 3 to 4. The claims were initially denied, [18] however, on September 5, drone fragments were identified near the village of Plauru on the Ukrainian border. [19] Other drone fragments were discovered on September 9. [20] |
| September 13, 2023 | Romania | Russia | The crew of a Romanian Air Force helicopter identified fragments from a drone between the villages of Nufăru and Victoria, after a Russian attack on the Ukrainian port of Izmail. [21] According to the locals, the drone fell about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) away from a military unit located in the area. [22] |
| September 30, 2023 | Romania | Russia | A Russian drone was detected in Romanian airspace by the Romanian defence ministry during an overnight drone attack against Ukraine. [23] |
| December 14, 2023 | Romania | Russia | A Russian drone violated Romanian airspace and crashed on Romanian territory, resulting in German and Romanian fighter jets being scrambled. [24] |
| December 29, 2023 | Poland | Russia | A Russian missile violated Polish airspace for less than three minutes, during which time the missile was tracked by Polish and allied radar systems. The Russian chargé d'affaires was summoned by Poland in response. [25] [26] |
| March 24, 2024 | Poland | Russia | A Russian cruise missile, aimed at Ukraine, violated Polish airspace for 39 seconds, near the village of Oserdów. In response, Polish and allied aircraft were activated. [27] [28] |
| June 14, 2024 | Sweden | Russia | A Russian Su-24 violated the airspace of Sweden east of the southern point of Gotland on the Friday evening. Two military of Sweden called the pilot and warned him, getting no reply. Two JAS 39 Gripen intercepted the Russian airplane and escorted it away from Swedish airspace. [29] |
| July 24–25, 2024 | Romania | Russia | Night attacks launched on Ukraine for two consecutive days and multiple drones observed approaching the Romanian border. On both occasions Romanian F-16s were sent to monitor the situation in Tulcea County. [30] [31] Three Geran-2 drones entered Romanian territory on July 25 as claimed by the Ukrainian Air Force. The drones subsequently crashed and the wrecks were identified in the aftermath. [32] |
| September 7, 2024 |  Latvia | Russia | The drone crashed in the Rēzekne Municipality after flying through Belarus. [33] A week before the incident, on August 27, 2024, the Minister of Defense of Latvia announced a "concrete reaction" in response if incidents involving a Russian drone continue to be repeated on NATO territory [34] |
| September 8, 2024 | Romania | Russia | The drone violated the airspace of Romania, its wreckage is being searched for in a deserted area on the outskirts of the city of Periprava [35] |
| September 27, 2024 | Romania | Russia | A drone briefly entered Romanian airspace during a Russian attack on Ukraine. Four aircraft were brought to monitor the situation. [36] |
| October 17, 2024 | Romania | Unknown | A "small aerial target" was detected over the Black Sea, about 150 km east of Mihail Kogălniceanu. The object proceeded to fly 14 km in the Romanian airspace around Eforie Nord, later towards Topraisar. Spanish and Romanian jets were sent out to monitor the situation but made no contact with the target. The radar contact was lost near Amzacea. No impact zones were identified. [37] |
| October 19, 2024 | Romania | Unknown | Another "small aerial target" was detected 45 km east of Sfântu Gheorghe, Tulcea. Spanish and Romanian fighters were again sent to visually identify the object but did not detect anything. Radar contact was lost south of Cogealac and no impact zones were identified in the aftermath. [36] |
| January 17, 2025 | Romania | Russia | The Romanian Ministry of National Defence announced that several Russian drones entered Romanian airspace. A possible drone impact zone was identified near Plauru. [36] |
| February 11, 2025 | Poland | Russia | A Russian Su-24 violated Polish airspace near Gdańsk Bay for one minute and 12 seconds, reaching 6.5 kilometres (4 miles) into Polish territory. Polish military officials reported that Russia had admitted the airspace violation and blamed it on a malfunction in the Su-24's navigation system. [38] |
| April 25, 2025 | Poland | Russia | A Russian military helicopter from the Baltic Fleet entered Polish airspace over its territorial waters in the evening. It was tracked by military radar and the Polish Air Navigation Agency until it left the airspace. [39] |
| July 21, 2025 | Romania | Ukraine | Four Ukrainian aircraft unintentionally entered Romanian airspace for a few minutes on the night of July 21 during a Russian attack in northern Ukraine. At around 3:00 AM, Romanian radar detected 12 Ukrainian aerial contacts in Ukrainian airspace on Romania's northern border. Two Romanian F-16s were scrambled from the 86th Air Base, followed by two Italian Typhoons from the 57th Air Base. The Ukrainian aircraft briefly entered Romanian airspace around the Sighetu Marmației and Vicovu de Sus areas without posing any threat. [40] |
| August 20, 2025 | Poland | Russia | A Russian drone, likely a Geran-2, crashed and exploded around midnight in Osiny, Łuków County, a village located around 100 kilometres (62 mi) away from the Polish border, 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Warsaw and 40 kilometres (25 mi) away from the Dęblin Air Base. The remains were identified in the morning on August 20 in a 8–10 metres (26–33 ft)-diameter burnt area. The drone was not detected by radar. Buildings from the village were damaged in the explosion but there were no injuries. [41] [42] |
| August 25, 2025 |  Estonia Latvia | Ukraine | During a Ukrainian drone attack on Saint Petersburg and Ust-Luga, a drone violated Latvian airspace and travelled onward into Estonia, where it crashed and exploded in a field in Tartu County. Early findings from an Estonian investigation identified it as a Ukrainian drone that had veered off course due to Russian electronic interference. [43] |
| September 4, 2025 | Poland | Russia | Two Russian drones entered Polish airspace during an attack on western Ukraine. Polish and allied aircraft were scrambled in response to the attack and the drones were closely monitored until they left the Polish territory. [44] |
| September 8, 2025 | Poland | Unknown | An unarmed drone with Cyrillic markings crashed in Polatycze near the Belarus-Poland border. [45] |
| September 9, 2025 | Poland | Russia | 2025 Russian drone incursion into Poland: On the night of September 9/10, multiple Russian drones entered Polish airspace. Allied aircraft including Polish, Dutch, Italian and American began operating in the airspace, and air defense and radar systems were put on high alert. [46] [47] At least 21 drones were recorded in Polish airspace. [48] The Warsaw International, Warsaw Modlin, Rzeszów and Lublin airports were temporarily closed that night due to "unplanned military activity". [49] [50] Up to four Russian drones were shot down. [51] One drone crashed in Oleśno, near Elbląg, more than 200 km away from Poland's eastern border. [52] Poland invoked Article 4 of the North Atlantic Treaty as a response to this incident. |
| September 13, 2025 | Romania | Russia | A Russian drone was detected in Romanian airspace. Two F-16s were scrambled to monitor the border with Ukraine at 18:05 and subsequently intercepted the drone. [53] The two aircraft tracked it for about 50 minutes from Chilia Veche to Pardina where it crossed into Ukraine. Permission was given to shoot down the drone but the pilots decided against opening fire to avoid potential collateral damage. [54] The Russian ambassador was summoned by the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the aftermath. [55] |
