Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer,serving as the current president of Russia. Putin has served continuously as president or prime minister since 1999:as prime minister from 1999 to 2000 and from 2008 to 2012,and as president from 2000 to 2008 and since 2012.
The Russian News Agency TASS,abbreviated TASS (ТАСС),is a Russian state-owned news agency founded in 1904. It is the largest Russian news agency and one of the largest news agencies worldwide.
Dmitry Sergeyevich Peskov is a Russian diplomat and the press secretary for Russian President Vladimir Putin.
A children's ombudsman,children's commissioner,youth commissioner,child advocate,children's commission,youth ombudsman or equivalent body is a public authority in various countries charged with the protection and promotion of the rights of children and young people,either in society at large,or in specific categories such as children in contact with the care system. The agencies usually have a substantial degree of independence from the executive,the term is often used differently from the original meaning of ombudsman,it is often an umbrella term,often used as a translation covention or national human rights institutions,dealing with individual complaints,intervening with other public authorities,conducting research,and –where their mandate permits them to engage in advocacy –generally promoting children's rights in public policy,law and practice. The first children's commissioner was established in Norway in 1981. The creation of such institutions has been promoted by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child,and,from 1990 onwards,by the Council of Europe.
The Donetsk People's Republic is an unrecognised republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast,with its capital in Donetsk. The DPR was created by militarily-armed Russian-backed separatists in 2014,and it initially operated as a breakaway state until it was annexed by Russia in 2022.
The Minsk agreements were a series of international agreements which sought to end the Donbas war fought between armed Russian separatist groups and Armed Forces of Ukraine,with Russian regular forces playing a central part. The first,known as the Minsk Protocol,was drafted in 2014 by the Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine,consisting of Ukraine,Russia,and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE),with mediation by the leaders of France and Germany in the so-called Normandy Format. After extensive talks in Minsk,Belarus,the agreement was signed on 5 September 2014 by representatives of the Trilateral Contact Group and,without recognition of their status,by the then-leaders of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People's Republic (LPR). This agreement followed multiple previous attempts to stop the fighting in the region and aimed to implement an immediate ceasefire.
Tatyana Nikolayevna Moskalkova is a Russian lawyer,teacher,and politician. She has been Russia's Commissioner for Human Rights since 22 April 2016,succeeding Ella Pamfilova,and is the Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation V and VI convocations.
Anna Yuryevna Kuznetsova is a Russian politician serving as Member and Deputy Chair of the State Duma since 2021. Previously,she was Children's Rights Commissioner for the President of the Russian Federation. between 2016 and 2021.
Russian war crimes since 1991 are the violations of the law of war,including the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and the Geneva Conventions,consisting of war crimes,crimes against humanity,and the crime of genocide,which the official armed and paramilitary forces of the Russian Federation have been accused of committing since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This accusation also extends to the aiding and abetting of crimes which have been committed by quasi-states or puppet states which are armed and financed by Russia,including the Luhansk People's Republic and the Donetsk People's Republic. These war crimes have included murder,torture,terrorism,deportation or forced transfer,abduction,rape,looting,unlawful confinement,unlawful airstrikes or attacks against civilian objects,and wanton destruction.
Casualties in the Russo-Ukrainian War included six deaths during the 2014 annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation,14,200–14,400 military and civilian deaths during the war in Donbas (2014–2022),and tens of thousands of deaths during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
The 2021 Penza Oblast gubernatorial election took place on 17–19 September 2021,on common election day,coinciding with election to the State Duma. Acting Governor Oleg Melnichenko was elected for his first term.
On 24 February 2022,Russia invaded and occupied parts of Ukraine in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War,which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides,and instigated Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. About 8 million Ukrainians were displaced within their country by June,and more than 8.1 million had fled the country by March 2023.
Since the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022,Russian authorities and armed forces have committed multiple war crimes in the form of deliberate attacks against civilian targets,massacres of civilians,torture and rape of women and children,and indiscriminate attacks in densely populated areas.
The siege of Mariupol began on 24 February 2022 and lasted until 20 May,as part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It saw fighting between the Russian Armed Forces and the Ukrainian Armed Forces for control over Mariupol. Lasting for almost three months,the siege ended in a victory for Russia and the Donetsk People's Republic,as Ukraine lost control of the city amidst Russia's eastern Ukraine offensive and southern Ukraine offensive;all Ukrainian troops remaining in the city surrendered at the Azovstal Iron and Steel Works on 20 May 2022,after they were ordered to cease fighting.
The International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine or the Situation in Ukraine is an ongoing investigation by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) into war crimes and crimes against humanity that may have occurred since 21 November 2013,during the Revolution of Dignity and on an "open-ended basis" during the Russo-Ukrainian War,including the 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia,the war in Donbas and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The ICC prosecutor commenced these investigations on 2 March 2022,after receiving referrals for the situation in Ukraine from 39 ICC State Parties.
On 9 March 2022,the Russian Air Force bombed Maternity Hospital No 3,a hospital complex functioning both as a children's hospital and maternity ward in Mariupol,Ukraine,during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine,killing at least four people and injuring at least sixteen,and leading to at least one stillbirth.
Filtration camps,also referred to as concentration camps,are camps used by Russian forces since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine to register,interrogate,and detain Ukrainian citizens in regions under Russian occupation before transferring them into Russia,sometimes as part of forced population transfers. Filtration camp detainees undergo a system of security checks and personal data collection. Some detainees are subject to torture and killings.
During the Russian invasion of Ukraine,Russia has forcibly transferred thousands of Ukrainian children to areas under its control,assigned them Russian citizenship,forcibly adopted them into Russian families,and created obstacles for their reunification with their parents and homeland. Evidence of this has been collected during investigations conducted by several international organizations and groups,including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights,The International Criminal Court,Amnesty International and Missing Children Europe,and by journalists for media outlets such as The Observer and Al Jazeera. The United Nations has stated that these deportations constitute war crimes. The International Criminal Court (ICC) has issued arrest warrants for President of Russia Vladimir Putin and Children's Rights Commissioner Maria Lvova-Belova for their alleged involvement. According to international law,including the 1948 Genocide Convention,such acts constitute genocide if done with intent to destroy,in whole or in part,a nation or ethnic group.
Partisan movements in Belarus and Russia emerged following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. These resistance movements act against the governments of Alexander Lukashenko in Belarus and Vladimir Putin in Russia,whom their detractors view as authoritarian. Elements of the opposition also work to counter the interests of the armed forces of both countries,as well as against civilian supporters of these authorities,in order to put a stop to the war in Ukraine.
On 17 March 2023,the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin,the President of Russia,and Maria Lvova-Belova,Russian Commissioner for Children's Rights,alleging responsibility for the unlawful deportation and transfer of children during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The warrant against Putin is the first against the leader of a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.
