List of shipwrecks of the United Kingdom

Last updated

Loss of the Royal Charter in a storm on the coast of Anglesey in 1859. About 450 lives were lost. StateLibQld 1 186783 Royal Charter (ship).jpg
Loss of the Royal Charter in a storm on the coast of Anglesey in 1859. About 450 lives were lost.

This is a list of shipwrecks located in the United Kingdom.

Contents

England

Northern Ireland

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
HMS Drake Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 2 October 1917Torpedoed by U-79 in Rathlin Sound. 55°17′53″N6°12′25″W / 55.298°N 6.207°W / 55.298; -6.207 (HMS Drake)
Girona Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg  Spanish Navy 26 October 1588Foundered and sank off Lacada Point, County Antrim. 55°14′46″N6°30′15″W / 55.2462°N 6.5043°W / 55.2462; -6.5043 (Girona (ship))
LaganCivil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom March 1946Sank in collision off Belfast Lough. [1]
Normanby HallCivil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 8 October 1965Foundered and sunk off Kilroot.
Princess Victoria Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 31 January 1953Foundered in heavy seas off the Copeland Islands.
State of LouisianaCivil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 28 December 1878A passenger liner that ran aground on Hunter Rock.
TiberiaCivil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 26 February 1918A merchant ship torpedoed and sunk by SM U-19 off Black Head near Larne, County Antrim.
Tullaghmurray Lass Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom February 2002A Kilkeel fishing boat that sank after a gas explosion. 54°03′36″N5°59′35″W / 54.060°N 5.993°W / 54.060; -5.993 (Tullaghmurray Lass)

Scotland

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
Akka Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 9 April 1956Ran aground and was wrecked in the River Clyde.
Annie Jane Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 28 September 1853Sank off Vatersay, Outer Hebrides in a gale, with the loss of 350 lives. [2]
RMS Aurania Government Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4 February 1918An ocean liner that was torpedoed by UB-67 off the coast of Ireland. 56°36′N6°20′W / 56.600°N 6.333°W / 56.600; -6.333 (RMS Aurania (1916))
Avondale Park Canadian Red Ensign (1921-1957).svg  Canada 7 May 1945A cargo ship that was sunk by U-2336 south of the Isle of May. 56°05′N02°32′W / 56.083°N 2.533°W / 56.083; -2.533 (SS Avondale Park)
Ben Doran Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 30 March 1930An Aberdeen trawler that wrecked on the Ve Skerries, Shetland, killing the ~9 crew. [3]
Breda Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 23 December 1940Dutch cargo ship, sunk by two German Heinkel He 111 bomber aircraft in Ardmucknish Bay off Oban. 56°28.55′N5°25.00′W / 56.47583°N 5.41667°W / 56.47583; -5.41667 (SS Breda)
SMS Brummer War Ensign of Germany 1903-1918.svg  Imperial German Navy 21 June 1919A Brummer-class cruiser that was among the 74 ships scuttled in Scapa Flow by Admiral Reuter.
HMS Caribbean Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 27 November 1915Sank 35 miles (56 km) off Cape Wrath due to bad weather.
Cemfjord Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 2 February 2015A cargo ship that foundered 12 nautical miles (22 km) east of Muckle Skerry.
Coelleira Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4 August 2019A Spanish-owned, UK-registered longliner that wrecked on the Ve Skerries, Shetland. [4] 60°22′09″N1°49′35″W / 60.3693°N 1.8265°W / 60.3693; -1.8265 (MV Coelleira)
SMS Cöln War Ensign of Germany 1903-1918.svg  Imperial German Navy 21 June 1919A Cöln-class cruiser that was among the 74 ships scuttled in Scapa Flow by Admiral Reuter. 58°53′32″N3°03′00″W / 58.89222°N 3.05000°W / 58.89222; -3.05000 (SMS Cöln (1916))
Craigantlet Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 26 February 1982British container ship ran aground at Killantringan lighthouse, Wigtownshire.
HMS Dartmouth English White Ensign 1620.svg  Royal Navy 9 October 1690A frigate wrecked in the Sound of Mull. 56°30′23″N5°41′45″W / 56.5064°N 5.6957°W / 56.5064; -5.6957 (HMS Dartmouth (1655))
HMS Dasher Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 27 March 1943Aircraft carrier sunk by a major internal explosion. Lies in the Clyde estuary. 55°36′38″N5°00′06″W / 55.61056°N 5.00167°W / 55.61056; -5.00167 (HMS Dasher (D37))
Desabla Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 12 June 1915Intercepted and sunk by German submarine U-17, 35 miles (56 km) off Montrose.
SMS Dresden War Ensign of Germany 1903-1918.svg  Imperial German Navy 21 June 1919A Cöln-class cruiser that was among the 74 ships scuttled in Scapa Flow by Admiral Reuter.
El Gran Grifón Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg  Spanish Navy 27 September 1588A ship of the Spanish Armada that was wrecked on Fair Isle.
Elinor Viking Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 9 December 1977An Aberdeen trawler that wrecked on the Ve Skerries, Shetland. [5]
Empire Conveyor Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 22 June 1940A cargo ship torpedoed by U-122 off Barra Head.
Flying Phantom Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 19 December 2007A tug that sank in foggy conditions in the River Clyde at Clydebank.
HMS Goldfinch Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 19 February 1915An Acorn-class destroyer wrecked at Start Point.
Gracechurch Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 16 August 1940A cargo ship that was torpedoed by U-32 off Lewis, Outer Hebrides. 58°29′N6°29′W / 58.48°N 06.49°W / 58.48; -06.49 (SS Gracechurch)
HMS Graph Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 20 March 1944Formerly the German U-boat U-570. Captured and taken into Royal Navy service in 1942, she ran aground and was wrecked on Islay in 1944. 55°48′06″N6°28′30″W / 55.80167°N 6.47500°W / 55.80167; -6.47500 (HMS Graph)
HMS Hampshire Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 5 June 1916British armoured cruiser that struck a naval mine off Orkney. 59°7′2″N3°23′46″W / 59.11722°N 3.39611°W / 59.11722; -3.39611 (HMS Hampshire (1903))
Hispania Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 18 December 1954A Swedish steamboat that struck rocks in the Sound of Mull. 56°33′55″N5°59′13″W / 56.56528°N 5.98694°W / 56.56528; -5.98694 (SS Hispania (1912))
HMS Imogen Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 16 July 1940An I-class destroyer that collided with HMS Glasgow off Duncansby Head. 58°34′N02°54′W / 58.567°N 2.900°W / 58.567; -2.900 (HMS Imogen (D44))
Inkosi Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 28 March 1918A steamship that was torpedoed by U-96 south of Burrow Head. [6]
HMS Iolaire Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 1 January 1919An Admiralty yacht sank in The Minch outside Stornoway harbour with the loss of 205 men returning from World War I. 58°11′16″N6°20′59″W / 58.18774°N 6.34971°W / 58.18774; -6.34971 (Iolaire)
John Randolph Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States 5 September 1952Struck a mine on 5 July 1942 in the Denmark Strait. The forepart was salved but broke tow on 1 September 1952 and was later wrecked at Torrisdale Bay, Sutherland on 5 September. [7] [8] [9]
SMS Karlsruhe War Ensign of Germany 1903-1918.svg  Imperial German Navy 21 June 1919A Königsberg-class cruiser that was among the 74 ships scuttled in Scapa Flow by Admiral Reuter.
HMS King Edward VII Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 6 January 1916A King Edward VII-class battleship that struck a naval mine laid by SMS Möwe off Cape Wrath.
SMS König War Ensign of Germany 1903-1918.svg  Imperial German Navy 21 June 1919A König-class battleship that was among the 74 ships scuttled in Scapa Flow by Admiral Reuter.
SMS Kronprinz War Ensign of Germany 1903-1918.svg  Imperial German Navy 21 June 1919A König-class battleship that was among the 74 ships scuttled in Scapa Flow by Admiral Reuter.
Leadgate Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 8 March 1943A straggler from Convoy SC 121 that was hit by a torpedo from U-642 and sank west of the Hebrides. The master and 25 crewmembers were lost.
SMS Markgraf War Ensign of Germany 1903-1918.svg  Imperial German Navy 21 June 1919A König-class battleship that was among the 74 ships scuttled in Scapa Flow by Admiral Reuter.
Orion Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom June 1850A paddle steamer that sank off Wigtownshire.
HMS Port Napier Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 27 November 1940British minelayer ran aground in the Kyle of Lochalsh, caught fire while being unloaded, destroyed by explosion. 57°15.98′N5°41.18′W / 57.26633°N 5.68633°W / 57.26633; -5.68633 (HMS Port Napier)
The Ramsey Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 8 August 1915An armed boarding steamer that was sunk by SMS Meteor northeast of Fair Isle. 59°36′N001°25′W / 59.600°N 1.417°W / 59.600; -1.417 (SS The Ramsey)
Roebuck Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 13 January 1915A minesweeper that sank following a collision with HMS Imperieuse in Scapa Flow, near Longhope.
Rondo Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 25 January 1935Sunk in the Sound of Mull in a storm. 56°32.30′N5°54.75′W / 56.53833°N 5.91250°W / 56.53833; -5.91250 (Rondo (ship))
HMS Royal Oak Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 14 October 1939A Revenge-class battleship torpedoed in Scapa Flow by U-47, with 833 deaths. 58°55′51″N2°59′00″W / 58.93083°N 2.98333°W / 58.93083; -2.98333 (HMS Royal Oak (08))
San Juan de Silicia Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg  Spanish Navy 5 November 1588A ship of the Spanish Armada that was blown up at Tobermory.
HMS Sealion Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 13 March 1945An S-class submarine scuttled off the Isle of Arran.
Seniority Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 8 November 1950A cargo ship that sank off the Bo Vich Chuan Rock in the Outer Hebrides.
St. Sunniva Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 10 April 1930A cruise ship that ran aground on the island of Mousa.
Swan English White Ensign 1620.svg  Royal Navy 13 September 1653A warship that sunk in a storm while anchored off Duart Castle.
Thesis Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 16 October 1889A steamship that ran aground on a reef in the Sound of Mull.
Tuscania Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5 February 1918An ocean liner that was torpedoed by UB-77 off Islay, Inner Hebrides. 55°37′N6°26′W / 55.617°N 6.433°W / 55.617; -6.433 (SS Tuscania (1914))
U-33 War ensign of Germany (1938-1945).svg  Kriegsmarine 12 February 1940A Type VIIA U-boat that was sunk by HMS Gleaner in the Firth of Clyde. 55°25′N05°07′W / 55.417°N 5.117°W / 55.417; -5.117 (German submarine U-33 (1936))
U-297 War ensign of Germany (1938-1945).svg  Kriegsmarine 6 December 1944A Type VIIC/41 U-boat that was sunk by a British Short Sunderland flying boat of No. 201 Squadron RAF 16 nautical miles (30 km) west of Yesnaby, Orkney Islands.
U-714 War ensign of Germany (1938-1945).svg  Kriegsmarine 14 March 1945German U-Boat sunk by depth charges from the South African frigate HMSAS Natal. She was discovered in the Firth of Forth in 2007. 55°57′N01°57′W / 55.950°N 1.950°W / 55.950; -1.950 (German submarine U-714)
U-722 War ensign of Germany (1938-1945).svg  Kriegsmarine 27 March 1945A Type VIIC U-boat that was sunk in the Sea of the Hebrides by HMS Fitzroy, HMS Redmill and HMS Byron. 57°09′N06°55′W / 57.150°N 6.917°W / 57.150; -6.917 (German submarine U-722)
U-1206 War ensign of Germany (1938-1945).svg  Kriegsmarine 14 April 1945A Type VIIC U-boat that sprung a leak and sank off Cruden Bay, Aberdeenshire. 57°21′N01°39′W / 57.350°N 1.650°W / 57.350; -1.650 (German submarine U-1206)
UB-116 War Ensign of Germany 1903-1918.svg  Imperial German Navy 28 October 1918A Type UB III U-boat that was sunk by a mine while attempting to enter the Scapa Flow. 58°50′N3°4′W / 58.833°N 3.067°W / 58.833; -3.067 (SM UB-116)
Unknown shipwreckUnknownUnknownFound in 2000. [10]
Valkyrie II Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5 July 1894A cutter that collided with Satanita on the Firth of Clyde. 55°36′50″N4°57′00″W / 55.614°N 4.950°W / 55.614; -4.950 (Valkyrie II (yacht))
HMS Vandal Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 24 February 1943A U-class submarine sunk off Lochranza four days after commissioning. 55°43′N5°20′W / 55.717°N 5.333°W / 55.717; -5.333 (HMS Vandal (P64))
HMS Vanguard Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 9 July 1917A St. Vincent-class battleship that exploded and sank at Scapa Flow, with about 804 deaths. 58°51′24″N3°06′22″W / 58.8566°N 3.1062°W / 58.8566; -3.1062 (HMS Vanguard (1909))
Varyag Naval Ensign of Russia.svg  Imperial Russian Navy 1925A Russian protected cruiser that ran aground and sank in the Firth of Clyde. 55°11′03″N04°56′30″W / 55.18417°N 4.94167°W / 55.18417; -4.94167 (Russian cruiser Varyag (1899))
HMS Vivid Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 8 July 1913A training ship of the Royal Technical College, Glasgow, ran aground and wrecked at Colonsay of her first voyage as a training ship.

Wales

ShipFlagSunk dateNotesCoordinates
AmazoneseUnknown15 April 1881A cargo steamship that ran aground at St. David's Head.
Behar Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 24 November 1940A 6,100-ton steamer, 436 ft (133 m) in length, with a cargo of 4,700 tons of government stores, allegedly including Harley Davidson motorbikes. Sunk by magnetic parachute mine in Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire. [11] 52°43′N5°07′W / 52.717°N 5.117°W / 52.717; -5.117 (SS Behar)
Calburga Canadian Red Ensign (1868-1921).svg  Canada 13 November 1915A Canadian barque that ran aground in a gale off Strumble Head.
Castilian Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 12 February 1943A cargo ship that ran aground off The Skerries, Anglesey. 53°25.0107′N4°35.9176′W / 53.4168450°N 4.5986267°W / 53.4168450; -4.5986267 (SS Castilian)
HMS Conway Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 14 April 1953A training ship wrecked near Menai Bridge.
Dakotian Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 21 November 1940A 6,400-ton steamer, 400 ft (120 m) in length, with a cargo of 1,300 tons of tinplate. Sunk by magnetic parachute mine approximately 1-nautical-mile (1.9 km) west of Dale in Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire.
Diamond Flag of the United States.svg  United States 2 January 1825A protected wrecksite; a three-masted square rigger with a composite hull, forerunner of the Ocean liners, lost in Cardigan Bay. 52°31′12″N4°32′28″W / 52.520°N 4.541°W / 52.520; -4.541 (Diamond (ship))
Empire Beacon Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5 April 1942A coastal trading vessel that struck a mine off Pembrokeshire. 51°41′N5°10′W / 51.683°N 5.167°W / 51.683; -5.167 (MV Empire Beacon)
Faraday Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 25 March 1941A cable layer that was attacked by a Heinkel He 111 off Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire, and sank the following day off St Anne's Head. It is now a protected wreck.
Herefordshire Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 15 March 1934Former Bibby Line liner, 7,000 tons, on passage to breakers, lost tow in a storm and ran aground on Cardigan Island; no lives lost, but rats destroyed puffin and Manx shearwater colonies; lies in 12m of water. [12]
Lelia Flag of the Confederate States of America (1861-1863).svg  Confederate States Navy 14 January 1865A steamship that sank in a storm off the Great Orme. 53°22′16″N3°50′56″W / 53.371°N 3.849°W / 53.371; -3.849 (PS Lelia)
Loch Shiel
(aka Whiskey Wreck)
Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 30 January 1877A 1,218-ton rigged sailing ship, 225 ft (69 m) in length, with a cargo of 7,000 cases of whiskey, beer & general goods. Ran aground at Thorne Island in Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire. Now at a depth of 25 feet (7.6 m), is very broken up, but the brick ballast is still visible. [13]
Lucy Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 14 February 1967A 52-metre (171 ft) coaster, sank off Skomer Island, Pembrokeshire, while carrying a cargo of calcium carbide from Uddevalla, Sweden to Barry. [14] [15]
HMY Mary English White Ensign 1620.svg  Royal Navy 25 March 1675A protected wrecksite; the first British Royal Yacht, hit rocks in fog off Anglesey. 53°15′54″N4°21′47″W / 53.265°N 4.363°W / 53.265; -4.363 (HMY Mary)
Ocean Monarch Flag of the United States.svg  United States 25 August 1848A barque that caught fire and sank northeast of Llandudno. 53°25′40.00″N3°35′27.00″W / 53.4277778°N 3.5908333°W / 53.4277778; -3.5908333 (Ocean Monarch (barque))
Pacific Flag of the United States.svg  United States January 1856A Collins Line transatlantic steamer that sank (possibly in the Irish Sea) from unknown causes. Wreck found in 1986.
Paul Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg  Germany 30 October 1925A four masted windjammer that was wrecked on the Cefn Sidan sands. 51°44′00″N4°22′30″W / 51.7332°N 4.3749°W / 51.7332; -4.3749 (SV Paul)
Resurgam II Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 25 February 1880A protected wrecksite near Rhyl. 53°23.78′N03°33.18′W / 53.39633°N 3.55300°W / 53.39633; -3.55300 (Resurgam)
Rothsay Castle Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 18 August 1831A paddle steamer that ran aground and broke up at the eastern end of the Menai Strait in 1831. 53°17′00″N04°00′30″W / 53.28333°N 4.00833°W / 53.28333; -4.00833 (Rothsay Castle (ship))
Royal Charter Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 26 October 1859A steam clipper driven onto rocks near Moelfre, Anglesey. 53°21′14″N4°14′06″W / 53.354°N 4.235°W / 53.354; -4.235 (Royal Charter (ship))
Samtampa Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States 23 April 1947A steamship wrecked off Sker Point. 51°30′01″N03°44′26″W / 51.50028°N 3.74056°W / 51.50028; -3.74056 (SS Samtampa)
Swanland Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands 27 November 2011Sank after hitting a large wave following gale force 8 conditions 20 nautical miles (37 km) off the coast of Anglesey.
U-58 War Ensign of Germany 1903-1918.svg  Imperial German Navy 17 November 1917A Type U 57 U-boat that was sunk by USS Fanning in the action of 17 November 1917. 51°32′N05°21′W / 51.533°N 5.350°W / 51.533; -5.350 (SM U-58)
U-1302 War ensign of Germany (1938-1945).svg  Kriegsmarine 7 March 1945A Type VIIC/41 U-boat that was sunk by depth charges from the Canadian frigates HMCS La Hulloise, Strathadam and Thetford Mines in St. George's Channel. 52°19′N5°23′W / 52.317°N 5.383°W / 52.317; -5.383 (German submarine U-1302)
Walter L M Russ Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 15 July 1945A German cargo ship that was captured by the Allies and ran aground on Grassholm. 51°43′51″N5°28′53″W / 51.7308°N 5.4814°W / 51.7308; -5.4814 (SS Walter L M Russ)
HMS Whirlwind Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy 29 October 1974A W-class destroyer that was sunk as a target in Cardigan Bay. 52°16′47″N04°40′41″W / 52.27972°N 4.67806°W / 52.27972; -4.67806 (HMS Whirlwind (R87))

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver Line (shipping company)</span>

The Silver Line was a shipping company formed in 1908, part of the British Merchant Navy. By the 1930s they were offering round the world passenger/cargo services, with the passenger fare on a freighter being £100. Entirely on foreign service, the ships did not include UK ports of call. Managing owners were the S & J Thompson family. Most of their merchant ships bore the name Silver followed by the name of a tree. The Second World War claimed 11 of their ships. One of them, the Silverfir, was sunk by the German battleship Scharnhorst on a voyage from Manchester to New York in 1941. Silver Line switched to tramping around the world in the 1950s, then went through several ownership changes, and by 1985, with the sale of their last ship, was no more.

References

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  4. Stranding and loss of the fishing vessel Coelleira (OB 93) Ve Skerries, Shetland 4 August 2019 (PDF) (Report). Marine Accident Investigation Branch. March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  5. "Honours and Awards". The London Gazette. No. 47582. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 4 July 1978. pp. 8045–8046. ISBN   0 11 657582 4 . Retrieved 6 April 2020.
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  8. "Record 167 in Wreck Details" (PDF). Highlands Regional Council Maritime Wrecks and Monuments Record. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
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  10. "SCI/TECH | North Sea wreck in methane mystery". BBC News. 29 November 2000. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  11. "SS Behar (1928)". wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  12. "Storm of 1934 changed Cardigan Island forever". Wales Online. 30 December 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  13. "THE LOCH SHIEL – 92". Divernet. 14 August 2006. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  14. "Diving MV Lucy". Divernet.com. 14 February 1967. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  15. "Lucy Wreck". Dive-pembrokeshire.com. Retrieved 27 April 2010.