Temple names are posthumous titles accorded to monarchs of the Sinosphere for the purpose of ancestor worship. The practice of honoring monarchs with temple names began during the Shang dynasty in China and had since been adopted by other dynastic regimes in the Sinosphere, with the notable exception of Japan. Temple names should not be confused with era names (年號), regnal names (尊號) or posthumous names (謚號).
Emir, also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The feminine form is emira, with the same meaning as "princess".
A queen regnant is a female monarch, equivalent in rank, title and position to a king. She reigns suo jure over a realm known as a kingdom; as opposed to a queen consort, who is married to a reigning king; or a queen regent, who is the guardian of a child monarch and rules pro tempore in the child's stead or instead of her husband who is absent from the realm, be it de jure in sharing power or de facto in ruling alone. A queen regnant is sometimes called a woman king. A princess, duchess, or grand duchess regnant is a female monarch who reigns suo jure over a principality or (grand) duchy; an empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns suo jure over an empire.
Aššūr-dugul, inscribed maš-šur-du-gul, “Look to Aššur!”, was the king of Assyria probably during the 18th century BC, a period of confusion in Assyrian history. Reigning for six years, he was the 44th ruler to be listed on the Assyrian Kinglist, and was designated by the list as a usurper succeeding the dynasty founded by Shamshi-Adad I.
Niliya was King of Anuradhapura in the 1st century BC, whose reign lasted the year 47 BC. He succeeded Darubhatika Tissa as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by Anula.
Subharaja was King of Anuradhapura during the 1st century. His reign lasted from 60 to 66. He succeeded Yasalalaka as King of Anuradhapura and was overthrown and succeeded by Vasabha, the first king of the Lambakanna dynasty. The end of Subharaja's reign marked the end of the House of Vijaya.
Kuda Naga was King of Anuradhapura in the 2nd century, whose reign lasted from 195 to 196. He succeeded his brother Cula Naga as King of Anuradhapura and was assassinated and succeeded by his brother-in-law, Siri Naga I.
Abhaya Naga was King of Anuradhapura in the 3rd century, whose reign lasted from 237 to 244. He succeeded his brother Voharika Tissa as King of Anuradhapura, seizing the throne with assistance from a Tamil army. He was succeeded by his nephew Siri Naga II.
Siri Naga II was King of Anuradhapura in the 3rd century, whose reign lasted from 244 to 247. He succeeded his uncle Abhaya Naga as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by his son Vijaya Kumara.
Vijaya Kumara was King of Anuradhapura in the 3rd century, whose reign lasted for only one year from 247 to 248. He succeeded his father Siri Naga II as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by Sangha Tissa I.
Sangha Tissa I was King of Anuradhapura in the 3rd century, whose reign lasted from 248 to 252. He succeeded Vijaya Kumara as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by Siri Sangha Bodhi I.
Aggabodhi V was King of Anuradhapura in the 8th century, whose reign lasted from 726 to 732. He succeeded his father Manavanna as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by his brother Kassapa III.
Tsar is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word caesar, which was intended to mean emperor in the European medieval sense of the term—a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official—but was usually considered by Western Europeans to be equivalent to "king".
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