List of the last monarchs in the Americas

Last updated

This is a list of the last monarchs in the Americas.

Contents

North America

Nation / territoryPictureNameBirthRuled fromRule CeasedReasonDeathArms
Barbados Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (cropped) (3-to-4 aspect ratio).jpg Elizabeth II
Queen of Barbados
21 April 1926 30 November 1966 30 November 2021Constitutional amendment 8 September 2022 Coat of arms of Barbados (3).svg
Clipperton Island Franz Xaver Winterhalter Napoleon III.jpg Napoleon III
Emperor of the French
20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870 Abdication
(Third Republic declared)
9 January 1873 Coat of Arms Second French Empire (1852-1870).svg
Costa Rica Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Cuba Rey Alfonso XIII de Espana, by Kaulak.jpg Alfonso XIII
King of Spain
(Under the regency of Maria Christina )
17 May 1886 10 December 1898 Spanish–American War
(Treaty of Paris)
28 February 1941 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Dominica Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (cropped) (3-to-4 aspect ratio).jpg Elizabeth II
Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
21 April 1926 6 February 1952 3 November 1978Granted independence by the United Kingdom 8 September 2022 Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
Dominican Republic Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg Napoleon I
Emperor of the French
15 August 1769 20 March 1804 2 May 1808Returned to Spain following the Peninsular War 5 May 1821 Imperial Coat of Arms of France (1804-1815).svg
Isabel de Borbon y Borbon-Dos Sicilias.jpg Isabella II
Queen of Spain
10 October 1830 1861 1865 Dominican Restoration War 10 April 1904 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
El Salvador Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Gonâve Faustin Wirkus (cropped).jpg Faustin II
King of La Gonâve
November 1896 18 July 1926 1929 Returned to Haiti 8 October 1945 Coats of arms of None.svg
Guadeloupe Franz Xaver Winterhalter Napoleon III.jpg Napoleon III
Emperor of the French
20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870Abdication
(Third Republic declared)
9 January 1873 Coat of Arms Second French Empire (1852-1870).svg
Guatemala Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Haiti Faustin Soulouque.jpg Faustin I
Emperor of Haïti
1782 26 August 1849 15 January 1859 Abdication
(Republic declared)
6 August 1867 Coat of arms of Haiti (1849-1859) - Second Empire of Haiti.svg
Honduras Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Martinique Franz Xaver Winterhalter Napoleon III.jpg Napoleon III
Emperor of the French
20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870French defeated at Sedan
(Third Republic declared)
9 January 1873 Coat of Arms Second French Empire (1852-1870).svg
Mexico Bust of Cuauhtemoc (Zocalo, Mexico City).jpg Cuauhtémoc
Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
Emperor of the Aztecs
1502 1520 13 August 1521 Surrendered to Spaniards 1525 Aztec Triple Alliance.png
Cacamatzin, ~1494 - 7-1520, retrato anonimo (siglo XVI).png Cacamatzin
Tlatoani of Texcoco
1483 1515 1520 Murdered by Spaniards 1520
Moctezuma and itzquauhtzin.jpg Itzquauhtzin
Tlatoani of Tlacateotl
unknown 1475
Cipac (Aubin Codex).png Nanacacipactzin
Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
Spanish Governor of San Juan Tenochtitlan
unknown 30 September 1563 27 December 1565 Death

Ceased to exist

27 December 1565
Tlahuitoltzin.png Tlahuitoltzin
Tlatoani of Texcoco
Spanish Governor of Texcoco
unknown 1540 1546 Abdication ?
Oquiztzin
Tlatoani of Tlacateotl
Spanish Governor of Governor of Tlacateotl
unknown 1567 1579 Abdication ?
Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication

(Republic declared)

19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Maximilian of Mexico bw.jpg Maximilian I
Emperor of Mexico
6 July 1832 10 April 1864 15 May 1867 Executed by Republicans
(Republic declared)
19 June 1867 Coat of Arms of the Second Mexican Empire.svg
Nicaragua Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Hereditary Chief Robert Henry Clarence.jpg Robert II
King of the Miskito Kingdom
26 September 187211 November 18907 August 1894Expelled6 January 1908
Coat of arms of the Mosquito Monarchy.svg
Panama Fernando VII - Vicente Lopez.jpg Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 1813 28 November 1821Independence from Spain 29 September 1833 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Saint Barthélemy Portratt av Oscar II i amiralsuniform. 1900-1907. Foto Lars Larsson.jpg Oscar II
King of Sweden and Norway
21 January 1829 18 September 1872 16 March 1878Sold to France 8 December 1907 Coat of Arms of the Union between Sweden and Norway.svg
Saint Martin Franz Xaver Winterhalter Napoleon III.jpg Napoleon III
Emperor of the French
20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870Abdication

(Third Republic declared)

9 January 1873 Coat of Arms Second French Empire (1852-1870).svg
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Trinidad and Tobago Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (cropped) (3-to-4 aspect ratio).jpg Elizabeth II
Queen of Trinidad and Tobago
21 April 1926 31 August 1962 1 August 1976Republican constitution adopted 8 September 2022 Coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago.svg
Nation / territoryPictureNameBirthRuled fromRule CeasedReasonDeathArms

United States

The Native American hereditary leaders during this time should be included, but are not. Those that are listed as former monarchs of what is now the continental United States were heads of European seated monarchies (or Mexican monarchs, such as Agustín I of Mexico and Maximilian I of Mexico) and themselves never set foot on American soil. Others were indigenous monarchs, such as Malietoa Tanumafili I, Tuʻi Manuʻa Elisala and Liliuokalani of Hawaii; The last monarch of each state and territory may not be the last colonial ruler (i.e. Louis XV is the last French monarch of Louisiana, but Napoleon Bonaparte, prior to becoming Emperor, was the last ruler of Louisiana). Also their end of reign may not be how the US acquired these states. One state can have more than one last monarch, since each state may have been the product of many different acquisitions by the United States. Different claims of a foreign country are taken into account.

By states

StatePictureNameBirthRuled fromRule CeasedReasonDeathArms
Alabama Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain and Ireland
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Alaska Zar Alexander II (cropped).jpg Alexander II
Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias
29 April 1818 3 March 1855 30 March 1867 Alaska Purchase 13 March 1881 Lesser Coat of Arms of Russian Empire.svg
Arizona Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Arkansas Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
California Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Botman - Emperor Nicholas I (cropped).jpg Nicholas I
Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias
6 July 1796 1 December 1825 1841 Fort Ross sold to John Sutter 2 March 1855 Lesser Coat of Arms of Russian Empire.svg
Colorado Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Connecticut Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Delaware
Florida Fernando VII - Vicente Lopez.jpg Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 1813 22 February 1821 Adams–Onís Treaty 29 September 1833 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Georgia Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Hawaii Liliuokalani, c. 1891.jpg Liliʻuokalani
Queen of the Hawaiian Islands
2 September 1838 29 January 1891 17 January 1893 Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom 11 November 1917 Royal Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Hawaii.svg
Idaho Queen Victoria by Bassano.jpg Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 15 June 1846 Oregon Treaty 22 January 1901 Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
Illinois Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Indiana
Iowa Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Kansas Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Kentucky Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Louisiana Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Maine Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Queen Victoria by Bassano.jpg Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 29 August 1842 Aroostook War
(Webster-Ashburton Treaty)
22 January 1901 Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
Maryland Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of United Kingdom
(under the Regency Act of 1811)
4 June 1738 5 January 1811 20 October 1818 Treaty of 1818 29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg
George IV 1821 color.jpg George IV
Prince Regent
12 August 1762 26 June 1830
Mississippi Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Missouri Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Montana Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Queen Victoria by Bassano.jpg Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 15 June 1846 Oregon Treaty 22 January 1901 Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
Nebraska Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Nevada Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
New Hampshire Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
New Jersey
New Mexico Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
New York Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
North Carolina
North Dakota Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of United Kingdom
(under the Regency Act of 1811)
4 June 1738 5 January 1811 20 October 1818 Treaty of 1818 29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg
George IV 1821 color.jpg George IV
Prince Regent
12 August 1762 26 June 1830
Ohio Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Oklahoma Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Oregon Queen Victoria by Bassano.jpg Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 15 June 1846 Oregon Treaty 22 January 1901 Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
Pennsylvania Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Tennessee Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Texas Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Utah Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Vermont Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 Declaration of the Vermont Republic
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Virginia Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Washington Queen Victoria by Bassano.jpg Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 15 June 1846 Oregon Treaty 22 January 1901 Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
West Virginia Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820 Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
Wisconsin
Wyoming Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2.jpg Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774 Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Agustin I of Mexico.jpg Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824 Escudo de Armas de S.M.I. Agustin.svg
Queen Victoria by Bassano.jpg Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 15 June 1846 Oregon Treaty 22 January 1901 Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
StatePictureNameBirthRuled fromRuled untilReasonDeathArms

By territories

TerritoryPictureNameBirthRuled fromRule CeasedReasonDeathArms
Navassa Island Faustin Soulouque.jpg Faustin I
Emperor of Haïti
1782 26 August 1849 15 January 1859 Abdication 6 August 1867

Imperial Coat of Arms of Haiti (1849-1859).svg

Puerto Rico Rey Alfonso XIII de Espana, by Kaulak.jpg Alfonso XIII
King of Spain
(Under the regency of Maria Christina )
17 May 1886 10 December 1898 Spanish–American War
(Treaty of Paris)
Ratified 6 February 1899
28 February 1941 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Danish West Indies Christian X - Peter Elfelt.jpg Christian X
King of Denmark
26 September 1870 14 May 1912 31 March 1917 Sold to the U.S. in the face of World War I 20 April 1947 Royal Coat of Arms of Denmark (1903-1948).svg
TerritoryPictureNameBirthRuled fromRuled untilReasonDeathArms

South America

NationPictureNameBirthRuled fromRule CeasedReasonDeathArms
Argentina Atahuallpa, Inca XIIII From Berlin Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany.png Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533Execution by Spaniards 29 August 1533 Inca Sun.svg
Fernando VII - Vicente Lopez.jpg Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 18139 July 1816 Independence from Spain 29 September 1833 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Bolivia Atahuallpa, Inca XIIII From Berlin Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany.png Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533Execution by Spaniards 29 August 1533 Inca Sun.svg
Fernando VII - Vicente Lopez.jpg Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 18136 August 1825 Independence from Spain 29 September 1833 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Brazil Pedro II circa 1887b transparent.png Pedro II
Emperor of Brazil
2 December 1825 7 April 1831 15 November 1889 Military coup d'état
Republic declared
5 December 1891 Coat of arms of the Empire of Brazil.svg
Chile Atahuallpa, Inca XIIII From Berlin Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany.png Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533Execution by Spaniards 29 August 1533 Inca Sun.svg
Fernando VII - Vicente Lopez.jpg Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 181312 February 1818Independence from Spain 29 September 1833 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Lonko-Kilapan-2.jpg Quilapán
Ñidol Longko of Araucanía
1840 1861 1871Treaty of Peace
Annexation of Araucanía
1875 Antigua bandera mapuche redonda.svg
Bust of Atamu Tekena (10772100486).jpg
Atamu Tekena
Ariki Mau of Rapa Nui
18501883 9 September 1888Protectorate declared
Annexation of Easter Island
August 1892 Royal Emblem of Easter Island.svg
Colombia Atahuallpa, Inca XIIII From Berlin Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany.png Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533Execution by Spaniards 29 August 1533 Inca Sun.svg
Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg Joseph Bonaparte
King of Spain
7 January 1768 6 June 180820 July 1810Independence from Spain 28 July 1844 Grand Coat of Arms of Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain.svg
Ecuador Atahuallpa, Inca XIIII From Berlin Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany.png Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533Execution by Spaniards 29 August 1533 Inca Sun.svg
Fernando VII - Vicente Lopez.jpg Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 181324 May 1822 Independence from Spain 29 September 1833 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
French Guiana Franz Xaver Winterhalter Napoleon III.jpg Napoleon III
Emperor of the French
20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870 Abdication
(Third Republic declared)
9 January 1873 Coat of Arms Second French Empire (1852-1870).svg
Pedro II circa 1887b transparent.png Pedro II
Emperor of Brazil
2 December 1825 7 April 1831 15 November 1889 Independent state formed in 1886 5 December 1891 Coat of arms of the Empire of Brazil.svg
Guyana Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (cropped) (3-to-4 aspect ratio).jpg Elizabeth II
Queen of Guyana
21 April 1926 26 May 196623 May 1970Republican constitution adopted 8 September 2022 Coat of arms of Guyana.svg
Paraguay Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg Joseph Bonaparte
King of Spain
7 January 1768 6 June 180815 May 1811Independence from Spain 28 July 1844 Grand Coat of Arms of Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain.svg
Peru Atahuallpa, Inca XIIII From Berlin Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany.png Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533Execution by Spaniards
Abolition of the Inca Empire
29 August 1533 Inca Sun.svg
TupacamaruI.JPG Túpac Amaru
Sapa Inca
1545 1571 1572Execution by Spaniards
Destruction of the last remnants of the Inca State
24 September 1572
TupacAmaruII.jpg Túpac Amaru II
Sapa Inca
1742 26 November 1780 18 May 1781Execution by Spaniards
End of Aymara and Quechua rebellions
18 May 1781 Cusco Emblem.svg
Fernando VII - Vicente Lopez.jpg Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 181328 July 1821 Independence from Spain 29 September 1833 Royal Greater Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931) Version with Golden Fleece and Order of Charles III Collars.svg
Suriname Koningin Juliana heeft op paleis Soestdijk B.M. Leito beedigd als gouverneur van, Bestanddeelnr 923-6352 (crop).jpg Juliana
Queen of the Netherlands
30 April 1909 6 September 194825 November 1975Independence from the Netherlands 20 March 2004 Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg
Uruguay DpedroI-brasil-full.jpg Pedro I
Emperor of Brazil
12 October 1798 12 October 1822 28 August 1828 Cisplatine War
Treaty of Montevideo
24 September 1834 Grandes armas do Brasil.png
Venezuela Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg Joseph Bonaparte
King of Spain
7 January 1768 6 June 18085 July 1811 Independence from Spain 28 July 1844 Grand Coat of Arms of Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain.svg
NationPictureNameBirthRuled fromRule CeasedReasonDeathArms

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitutional monarchy</span> Form of government

Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions. Constitutional monarchies differ from absolute monarchies in that they are bound to exercise powers and authorities within limits prescribed by an established legal framework.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emperor</span> Type of monarch

The word emperor can mean the male ruler of an empire. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife, mother/grandmother, or a woman who rules in her own right and name. Emperors are generally recognized to be of the highest monarchic honour and rank, surpassing kings. In Europe, the title of Emperor has been used since the Middle Ages, considered in those times equal or almost equal in dignity to that of Pope due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of the Catholic part of Western Europe. The emperor of Japan is the only currently reigning monarch whose title is translated into English as "Emperor".

A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state. The specific naming of the head of state depends on the country's form of government and separation of powers; the head of state may be a ceremonial figurehead or concurrently the head of government and more.

A monarch is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in the state, or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch. Usually a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, which may be backed and legitimated through acclamation, right of conquest or a combination of means.

A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic, to fully autocratic, and can span across executive, legislative, and judicial domains.

A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica, is a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Absolute monarchy</span> Form of government in which the monarch has absolute power

Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.

The abolition of monarchy is a legislative or revolutionary movement to abolish monarchical elements in government, usually hereditary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dynasty</span> Sequence of rulers considered members of the same family

A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A dynasty may also be referred to as a "house", "family" or "clan", among others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coronation</span> Ceremony marking the investiture of a monarch

A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a crown upon a monarch's head. The term also generally refers to the ceremony which marks the formal investiture of a monarch with regal power. In addition to the crowning, this ceremony may include the presentation of other items of regalia, and other rituals such as the taking of special vows by the new monarch, the investing and presentation of regalia him or her, and acts of homage by the new monarch's subjects. In certain Christian denominations, such as Lutheranism and Anglicanism, coronation is a religious rite. As such, Western-style coronations have often included anointing the monarch with holy oil, or chrism as it is often called; the anointing ritual's religious significance follows examples found in the Bible. The monarch's consort may also be crowned, either simultaneously with the monarch or as a separate event.

An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by a monarch who is elected, in contrast to a hereditary monarchy in which the office is automatically passed down as a family inheritance. The manner of election, the nature of candidate qualifications, and the electors vary from case to case. Historically, it was common for elective monarchies to transform into hereditary ones over time or for hereditary ones to acquire at least occasional elective aspects.

Regnal numbers are ordinal numbers used to distinguish among persons with the same name who held the same office. Most importantly, they are used to distinguish monarchs. An ordinal is the number placed after a monarch's regnal name to differentiate between a number of kings, queens or princes reigning the same territory with the same regnal name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monarchies in Europe</span> Countries in Europe which are monarchies

In the European history, monarchy was the prevalent form of government throughout the Middle Ages, only occasionally competing with communalism, notably in the case of the maritime republics and the Swiss Confederacy.

A federal monarchy, in the strict sense, is a federation of states with a single monarch as overall head of the federation, but retaining different monarchs, or having a non-monarchical system of government, in the various states joined to the federation.

An order, line or right of succession is the line of individuals necessitated to hold a high office when it becomes vacated, such as head of state or an honour such as a title of nobility. This sequence may be regulated through descent or by statute.

A composite monarchy is a historical category, introduced by H. G. Koenigsberger in 1975 and popularised by Sir John H. Elliott, that describes early modern states consisting of several countries under one ruler, sometimes designated as a personal union, who governs his territories as if they were separate kingdoms, in accordance with local traditions and legal structures. The composite state became the most common type of state in the late medieval and early modern era in Europe. Koenigsberger divides composite states into two classes: those, like the Spanish Empire, that consisted of countries separated by either other states or by the sea, and those, like Poland–Lithuania, that were contiguous.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monarchies in the Americas</span> Countries in the Americas which are monarchies

There are 12 monarchies in the Americas, being either sovereign states or self-governing territories that have a monarch as head of state. Each is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the monarch inherits his or her office according to law, usually keeping it until death or abdication, and is bound by laws and customs in the exercise of their powers. Ten of these monarchies are part of the global personal union known as the Commonwealth realms and share Charles III, who resides in the United Kingdom, as king. The other two are the Monarchy of the Netherlands which is used in states of the Dutch Caribbean, and the Monarchy of Denmark which is used in Greenland. As such, none of the monarchies in the Americas have a permanently residing monarch, though the Commonwealth realms each have a resident governor-general to represent King Charles III and perform most of his constitutional duties in his name; and a high commissioner represents the King of Denmark and the Danish government in Greenland. Additionally, each of Canada's 10 provinces functions as a subnational constituent monarchy, with the constitutional powers vested in the King exercised at the provincial level by a lieutenant governor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monarchies in Asia</span> Countries in Asia which are monarchies

There are several monarchies in Asia, while some states function as absolute monarchies where the king has complete authority over the state, others are constitutional monarchies where a monarch exercises authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monarchism</span> Advocacy of a monarch or monarchical rule

Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism.

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