Mahishadal (community development block)

This article is about the community development block in West Bengal, India. For 1. its namesake village, see Mahishadal. For 2. its namesake assembly constituency, see Mahisadal (Vidhan Sabha constituency).

Mahishadal
Community development block
Coordinates: 22°11′00″N87°59′00″E / 22.183333°N 87.983333°E / 22.183333; 87.983333
Country	India
State	West Bengal
District	Purba Medinipur
Government
• Type	Community development block
Area
• Total	146.48 km2 (56.56 sq mi)
Elevation	6 m (20 ft)
Population  (2011)
• Total	206,277
• Density	1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Bengali, English
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	721628 (Rangibasan) 721654 (Lakshya)
Area code	03228
ISO 3166 code	IN-WB
Vehicle registration	WB-29, WB-30
Literacy	86.21%
Lok Sabha constituency	Tamluk
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Mahisadal
Website	purbamedinipur.gov.in

Mahishadal is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Haldia subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Geography

Purba Medinipur district is part of the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain and Eastern coastal plains. Topographically, the district can be divided into two parts – (a) almost entirely flat plains on the west, east and north, (b) the coastal plains on the south. The vast expanse of land is formed of alluvium and is composed of younger and coastal alluvial. The elevation of the district is within 10 metres above mean sea level. The district has a long coastline of 65.5 km along its southern and south eastern boundary. Five coastal CD Blocks, namely, Khejuri II, Contai II (Deshapran), Contai I, Ramnagar I and II, are occasionally affected by cyclones and tornadoes. Tidal floods are quite regular in these five CD Blocks. Normally floods occur in 21 of the 25 CD Blocks in the district. The major rivers are Haldi, Rupnarayan, Rasulpur, Bagui and Keleghai, flowing in north to south or south-east direction. River water is an important source of irrigation. The district has a low 899 hectare forest cover, which is 0.02% of its geographical area. ^{[1] [2] [3]}

Mahishadal is located at 22°11′00″N87°59′00″E / 22.183333°N 87.983333°E / 22.183333; 87.983333 .

Mahishadal CD Block is bounded by Shyampur I CD Block, in Howrah district, across the Rupnarayan in the north, Sutahata CD Block in the east, Haldia, Nandigram II and Chandipur CD Blocks in the south and Nandakumar CD Blocks in the west.

It is located 16 km from Tamluk, the district headquarters.

Mahishadal CD Block has an area of 146.48 km². It has 1 panchayat samity, 11 gram panchayats, 154 gram sansads (village councils), 75 mouzas and 73 inhabited villages. Mahishadal police station serves this block. ^[4] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Rangibasan. ^[5]

Gram panchayats of Mahishadal block/ panchayat samiti are: Amritberia, Betkundu, Garhkamalpur, Itamogra I, Itamogra II, Kismat-Naikundi, Lakshya I, Lakshya II, Natshal I, Natshal II and Satish Samanta. ^[6]

Demographics

Population

As per 2011 Census of India Mahishadal CD Block had a total population of 206,277, of which 199,613 were rural and 6,664 were urban. There were 106,391 (52%) males and 99,886 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 23,598. Scheduled Castes numbered 23,201 (11.25%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 193 (0.09%). ^[7]

As per 2001 census, Mahishadal block had a total population of 182,245, out of which 93,470 were males and 88,775 were females. Mahishadal block registered a population growth of 14.89 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent. ^[8] Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. ^[9]

Census Town in Mahishadal CD Block (2011 census figure in brackets: Garh Kamalpur (6,664). ^[7]

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Mahishadal CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Gopalpur (8,294), Basulya (4,599), Itamagra (4,032), Rajarampur (4,078), Keshabpur Jalpai (8,955), Kanchanpur (5,597), Chanpi (5,237), Kalika Kundu (6,421), Rambagh (4,208), Purba Srirampur (5,024), Natshal (11,331), Laksya (8,247), Betkundu (4,935) and Mayachar or Bardyabiri Char (4,361). ^[7]

Other villages in Mahishadal CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Rangibasan (2,570), Kismatnai Kundi (2,686) and Amritberya (3,958). ^[7]

Literacy

As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Mahisadal CD Block was 157,494 (86.21% of the population over 6 years) out of which 86,027 (55%) were males and 71,467 (45%) were females. ^[7]

As per 2011 census, literacy in Purba Medinipur district was 87.02%. ^[10] Purba Medinipur had the highest literacy amongst all the districts of West Bengal in 2011. ^[11] Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011. ^[12] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%. ^[12]

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Literacy in CD Blocks of Purba Medinipur district
Tamluk subdivision
Tamluk – 87.06%
Sahid Matangini – 86.99%
Panskura I – 83.65%
Panskura II – 84.93%
Nandakumar – 85.56%
Chandipur – 87.81%
Moyna – 86.33%
Haldia subdivision
Mahishadal – 86.21%
Nandigram I – 84.89%
Nandigram II – 89.16%
Sutahata – 85.42%
Haldia – 85.96%
Contai subdivision
Contai I – 89.32%
Contai II – 88.33%
Contai III – 89.88%
Khejuri I – 88.90%
Khejuri II – 85.37%
Ramnagar I – 87.84%
Ramnagar II – 89.38%
Bhagabanpur II – 90.98%
Egra subdivision
Bhagabanpur I – 88.13%
Egra I – 82.83%
Egra II – 86.47%
Patashpur I – 86.58%
Patashpur II – 86.50%
Source: 2011 Census: CD Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data

Language and religion

Religion in Mahishadal CD block (2011) [13]
Hinduism			79.96%
Islam			19.68%
Other or not stated			0.36%

In 2011 census Hindus numbered 164,943 and formed 79.96% of the population in Mahishadal CD Block. Muslims numbered 40,596 and formed 19.68% of the population. Others numbered 738 and formed 0.36% of the population. ^[13] In 2001, Hindus made up 81.51% and Muslims 18.13% of the population respectively. ^[14]

Bengali is the predominant language, spoken by 99.89% of the population. ^[15]

Rural poverty

The District Human Development Report for Purba Medinipur has provided a CD Block-wise data table for Modified Human Poverty Index of the district. Mahishadal CD Block registered 26.35 on the MHPI scale. The CD Block-wise mean MHPI was estimated at 24.78. Eleven out of twentyfive CD Blocks were found to be severely deprived in respect of grand CD Block average value of MHPI (CD Blocks with lower amount of poverty are better): All the CD Blocks of Haldia and Contai subdivisions appeared backward, except Ramnagar I & II, of all the blocks of Egra subdivision only Bhagabanpur I appeared backward and in Tamluk subdivision none appeared backward. ^[16]

Economy

Livelihood

In Mahishadal CD Block in 2011, total workers formed 35.88% of the total population and amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 11.27%, agricultural labourers 34.96%, household industry workers 5.04% and other workers 49.00%. ^[17]

Infrastructure

There are 73 inhabited villages in Mahishadal CD block. All 73 villages (100%) have power supply. 72 villages (98.63%) have drinking water supply. 27 villages (36.99%) have post offices. 62 villages (84.93%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 29 villages (39.73%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 34 villages (46.58%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 14 villages (19.18%) have agricultural credit societies. 17 villages (23.29%) have banks. ^[18]

In 2007-08, around 40% of rural households in the district had electricity. ^[19]

In 2013-14, there were 38 fertiliser depots, 8 seed stores and 32 fair price shops in the CD Block. ^[17]

Agriculture

Persons engaged in agriculture
in Mahishadal CD Block

  Bargadars (6.91%)

  Patta holders (13.10%)

  Small farmers (2.52%)

  Marginal farmers (33.75%)

  Agricultural labourers (43.71%)

According to the District Human Development Report of Purba Medinipur: The agricultural sector is the lifeline of a predominantly rural economy. It is largely dependent on the Low Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 50%) or High Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 27%) for irrigation, as the district does not have a good network of canals, compared to some of the neighbouring districts. In many cases the canals are drainage canals which get the backflow of river water at times of high tide or the rainy season. The average size of land holding in Purba Medinipur, in 2005-06, was 0.73 hectares against 1.01 hectares in West Bengal. ^[19]

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Mahisadal CD Block was 7,060 hectares, out of which 500 hectares were irrigated by tank water, 55 hectares by shallow tube wells, 375 hectares by river lift irrigation and .6,130 hectares by other means. ^[17]

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. ^[20] Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Mahishadal CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 6.91%, patta (document) holders 13.10%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 2.52%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 33.75% and agricultural labourers 43.71%. ^[17]

In 2013-14, Mahishadal CD Block produced 12,670 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 9,894 hectares, 23,856 tonnes of Boro paddy, the spring crop, from 6,356 hectares, 307 tonnes of Aus paddy, the summer crop, from 150 hectares, 27 tonnes of jute from 2 hectares and 518 tonnes of potatoes from 19 hectares. It also produced pulses and oil seeds. ^[17]

Betelvine is a major source of livelihood in Purba Medinipur district, particularly in Tamluk and Contai subdivisions. Betelvine production in 2008-09 was the highest amongst all the districts and was around a third of the total state production. In 2008-09, Purba Mednipur produced 2,789 tonnes of cashew nuts from 3,340 hectares of land. ^[19]

Concentration of Handicraft Activities in CD Blocks

Horn Craft - Kolaghat Pata Chitra - Chandipur, Nandakumar Sea Shell – Ramnagar I & II Mat & Mat Diversified Products – Ramnagar I, Egra I & II, Patashpur I Brass & Bell Metal – Ramnagar I, Mahishadal, Patashpur II, Egra I Diversified Jute Products – Ramnagar II, Nandakumar, Kolaghat, Shahid Matangini Cane & Bamboo Products - Chandipur, Nandakumar, Kolaghat, Shahid Matangini Sola Craft - Tamluk, Kolaghat Pottery/Terracotta - Panskura, Tamluk, Sahid Matangini, Nandakumar Wood Craft - Tamluk Zari work - Sutahta, Mahishadal, Haldia, Nandakumar Source: District Human Development Report, Purba Medinipur, Page 97

Pisciculture

Purba Medinipur's net district domestic product derives one fifth of its earnings from fisheries, the highest amongst all the districts of West Bengal. ^[19] The net area available for effective pisciculture in Mahishadal CD Block in 2013-14 was 870.00 hectares. 4,458 persons were engaged in the profession and approximate annual production was 33,147 quintals. ^[17]

Banking

In 2013-14, Mahishadal CD Block had offices of 3 commercial banks and 3 gramin banks. ^[17]

Backward Regions Grant Fund

Medinipur East district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal. ^{[21] [22]}

Transport

Legend

km Asansol–Tatanagar– Kharagpur line Kharagpur–Puri line Kharagpur–Bankura– Adra line Kalaikunda Kharagpur–Bankura –Adra line Nimpura Nimpura Through Yard Nimpura Goods Yard Girimaidan Hijli Kharagpur-Puri line 0 Kharagpur NH 60 7 Jakpur 13 Madpur 19 Shyam Chak 24 Balichak 27 Duan 30 Radhamohanpur 35 Haur 39 Khirai km Kangsabati River 44 Panskura Raghunathbari 20 to Ghatal (planned) Rajgoda 28 48 Narayan Pakuria Murail Saheed Matangini 33 51 Bhogpur Tamluk 36 00 54 Nandaigajan Nandakumar 10 57 Mecheda Nandakumar-Balaipanda new line (planned) 43 Keshabpur Chak Simulia 49 Satish Samanta Halt Bargoda 51 Mahishadal Moyna 60 Barda Balaipanda 66 Basulya Sutahata NH 41 Haldia Energy Power Station Haldi River 71 Durgachak Lavan Satyagrah Smarak 21 HPCL Siding Deshapran 33 Indorama Checmicals Siding Deshapran-Kendamari new line (planned) Gholpukur 74 Durgachak Town New Krishnanagar 77 Silpaprabesh Hampigram Haldia Industrial Belt Nandigram Kendamari Henria 39 Haldia Dock Complex Nachinda 52 Kanthi 63 79 Bandar ICF Haldia Sitalpur 69 81 Haldia Sujalpur 71 Ashapurna Devi 76 Kolaghat Thermal Power Station Badalpur 78 60 Kolaghat Kanthi-Egra new line (planned) Rupnarayan River Raipur 64 Deulti Satmile 67 Ghoraghata Paschimbatya 70 Bagnan Balighai Bagnan–Amta line (planned) Egra Damodar River Bhatda 78 Kulgachia Dubda 79 Bir Shibpur Paniparul Road Pujali–Uluberia line (planned) Depal 83 Uluberia Champa River 85 Phuleswar Ramnagar (Bengal) 86 88 Chengel Egra-Digha new line (planned) Fort Gloster Jute Mill Tikra 88 91 Bauria Digha–Jaleswar line (planned) 95 Nalpur Digha 94 Ambuja Cement 97 Abada Sankrail Goods yard 99 Sankrail Delta Jute Mill 103 Andul 105 Mourigram Santragachi–Amta branch line Hindustan Industries and Engineering 108 Santragachi Padmapukur NH 12 (Kona Expressway) Guest Keen Williams 109 Ramrajatala 111 Dasnagar Shalimar │ Shalimar rail yard 112 Tikiapara Howrah–Bardhaman main line & Howrah–Bardhaman chord 115 Howrah km

Sources: [23] [24] [25] [26]

Mahishadal railway station and Satish Samanta Halt railway station is situated on the Panskura-Haldia line. ^[27] The line was constructed in 1968 ^[28] and was electrified in 1974-76. ^[29]

NH 116, from Kolaghat to Haldia, passes through this block. ^{[30] [31]} Haldia to Mecheda state highway also passes through the block.

Tourism

Mahishadal and Geonkhali are tourist destinations. ^[32]

Education

In 2013-14, Mahishadal CD Block had 128 primary schools with 9,625 students, 8 middle schools with 463 students, 13 high schools with 9,654 students and 17 higher secondary schools with 16,670 students. Mahishadal CD Block had 2 general colleges with 4,923 students and 304 institutions for special and non-formal education with 11,196 students. ^[17]

As per the 2011 census, in Mahishadal CD block, amongst the 73 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have a school, 49 villages had two or more primary schools, 38 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 24 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. ^[33]

Mahishadal Raj College at Mahishadal was established in 1946. In addition to courses in arts, science and commerce, it offers post-graduate courses in Bengali and chemistry. ^{[34] [35]}

Mahishadal Girls College at Mahishadal was established in 1969. It offers courses in arts and science. ^{[36] [37]}

Healthcare

In 2014, Mahishadal CD Block had 1 block primary health centre, 1 primary health centre, and 3 private nursing homes with total 80 beds and 8 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 30 family welfare sub centres. 4,331 patients were treated indoor and 109,019 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block. ^[17]

Basulia Rural Hospital at Basulia (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Mahishadal CD block. There are primary health centres at Natsal, PO Geonkhali (with 10 beds) and Rajarampur, PO Geonkhali (with ? beds). ^[38]

External links

Geonkhali travel guide from Wikivoyage - includes Mahishadal

References

1. "Brief Industrial Profile of Purba Midnapur District" (PDF). Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Industries, Government of India. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
2. "Mapping Dynamics of land utilization and its changing Patterns of Purba Medinipure District - W.B" . Retrieved 29 June 2016.
3. "District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur" (PDF). Chapter I Introduction. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
4. "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur". Tables 2.1, 2.2. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
5. "District Census Handbook: Purba Medinipur" (PDF). Map of Purba Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
6. "Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal". Purba Medinipur - Revised in March 2008. Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
7. "C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA)". 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
8. "Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District". Census of India 2001. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-20.
9. "Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4". Census of India 2001. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
10. "Purba Medinipur (East Midnapore) District: Census 2011 data". 2016 Digital Trends. Census Population 2015 Data. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
11. "Districts of West Bengal". High Literacy. Census Population 2015 Data. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
12. "Provisional population tables and annexures" (PDF). Census 2011:Table 2(3) Literates and Literacy rates by sex. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
13. "Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
14. "Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal". Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2001.
15. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
16. "District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur" (PDF). May 2011. Pages: 2214-215. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
17. "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur". Tables 2.7, 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
18. "District Census Handbook Purba Medinipur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 93 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
19. "District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur" (PDF). May 2011. Pages: 26, 30-33, 37, 61-63, 89-94. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
20. "District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
21. "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
22. "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
23. Google Maps
24. Kharagpur-Howrah Local 38606 Indiarailinfo
25. Howrah-Haldia Local 68689 ⇒ 38089 Indiarailinfo
26. Santragachi-Digha EMU 78001 ⇒ 68687 Indiarailinfo
27. "38093=> 38055 Panskura-Haldia Local" . Retrieved 29 March 2017.
28. "Year of construction of important BG lines" (PDF). History. South Eastern Railway. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
29. "History of Electrification". IRFCA. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
30. "National Highways" (PDF). Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
31. Google maps
32. "Haldia Tourism and Industrial Development". Tourist Destinations. Haldia Development Authority. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
33. "District Census Handbook, Purba Mednipur, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 1091-92, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
34. "Mahishadal Raj College". collegebatch.com. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
35. "Mahishadal Raj College". College Admission. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
36. "Mahishadal Girls College". Mahishadal Girls College. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
37. "Mahishadal Girls College". College Admission. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
38. "Health & Fam ily Welfare Department". Health Statistics. Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 27 March 2019.