Modern pentathlon at the Summer Olympics

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Modern pentathlon at the Summer Olympics
Modern pentathlon pictogram (post-2025).svg
IOC CodeMPN
Governing body UIPM
Events2 (men: 1; women: 1)
Summer Olympics

Modern pentathlon is a sport contested at the Summer Olympic Games.

Contents

History

Development as an Olympic sport

Modern pentathlon was created by the founder of the modern Games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, and was first contested in 1912. [1] [2] Coubertin was inspired by the pentathlon event in Ancient Olympic Games, which was modeled after the skills of the ideal soldier at the time. Modern pentathlon was also influenced by the tradition of civilian and military multi-sport events in Sweden at the beginning of the 20th century. [3] It combined events that were considered to be of upper-class origin like épée fencing, pistol shooting and riding with more popular ones like running and swimming. [3]

The five events making up modern pentathlon are:

After more than half a century of relative stability, modern pentathlon has been the subject of numerous changes since the 1980s with its place on the Olympic programme in question several times. [4]

Beginning at the 1996 Summer Olympics, the five components were held on a single day instead of five. [2] The same year, the Men's team competition was dropped from the Olympics. The women's event was first introduced at the 2000 Summer Olympics. [1] Since the 2008 Summer Olympics, the air-pistol shooting is held during the 3 km run. [2] Since the 2012 Summer Olympics, shooting is done using a laser gun, [2] and running and shooting was combined as one event. [5]

Modern pentathlon was still criticized as outdated and lacking popularity in the 2010s. [6] The Associated Press reported in 2013 that the International Olympic Committee was considering dropping it from the Olympics. [6] In response to the criticism, the sport's governing body, the UIPM, made changes to the sport, including by having all five contests held in a single stadium. It was planned for the 2016 Summer Olympics but held for the first time at the 2020 Summer Olympics. [6]

In the 2024 Paris Olympics, the modern pentathlon events were hold in the following order: riding, fencing bonus round, swimming, and then the laser run (combined running and shooting). This differs from the previous order where riding was the penultimate event. The change in the order was implemented to address issues with horses in previous Olympics, where the random assignment of horses sometimes negatively impacted medal contenders. By placing riding first, the potential for a late-race upset due to a horse refusal is lessened. [7] [8]

The events of modern pentathlon at the Olympic Games were as follows:

Event 1912 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 2000 04 08 12 16 20 24
Épée Fencing Round-robin Round-robin & bonus
Swimming 300 m200 m
Riding Cross-country Show Jumping
Shooting Pistol Air Pistol Laser
Cross Country Running 4000 m3000 m3200 m
Venues 51455531455455425533233322

Horse riding

The horse riding event in modern pentathlon has been debated - for different reasons - since the invention of the sport. [4] Coubertin and the organisers of the 1912 Summer Olympics had different views on the availability of horses: Coubertin wanted randomly assigned horses provided by the hosts while the Swedish committee preferred that the competitors bring their own horses. [3]

For the 1988 Summer Olympics cross-country riding was changed to show jumping.

In November 2021, UIPM announced that show jumping would not be a part of the Olympic modern pentathlon starting from the 2028 Summer Olympics, which was connected to an incident in the 2020 Games where German women's coach Kim Raisner had punched pentathlete Annika Schleu's horse. [9] In response, 650 pentathletes put their names on a letter criticizing the lack of collaboration with them and asking for UIPM executives to resign, with UIPM stating it will discuss the matter with them. [10]

Events

Modern pentathlon has been on the Olympic program continuously since 1912. A women's event was not included until the 2000 Games.

Event 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 24 Years
Men's individual26
Men's team11
Women's individual7
Total Events11111112222222222212222222

Medal table

Sources: [11]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary  (HUN)108624
2Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden  (SWE)97521
3Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union  (URS)55515
4Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain  (GBR)4239
5Flag of Russia.svg  Russia  (RUS)4105
6Flag of Poland.svg  Poland  (POL)3014
7Flag of Italy.svg  Italy  (ITA)2248
8Flag of Germany.svg  Germany  (GER)2013
9Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania  (LTU)1315
10Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt  (EGY)1102
11Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic  (CZE)1012
12Flag of Australia.svg  Australia  (AUS)1001
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan  (KAZ)1001
14Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)0639
15Flag of France.svg  France  (FRA)0224
16Flag of Finland.svg  Finland  (FIN)0145
17Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg  Czechoslovakia  (TCH)0112
Olympic flag.svg  Unified Team  (EUN)0112
19Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China  (CHN)0101
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan  (JPN)0101
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia  (LAT)0101
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine  (UKR)0101
23Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus  (BLR)0022
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea  (KOR)0022
25Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil  (BRA)0011
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico  (MEX)0011
Totals (26 entries)444444132

Nations and number of national participants

Nation96000408 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 24 Years
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina     33132117
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia     133332213131221222119
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria     123333231110
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain     332
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus     2344136
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium     4333116
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil     33333121121112
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria     333321118
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada     333223228
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile     2331311119
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China     1123444439
Flag of Chinese Taipei for Olympic games.svg  Chinese Taipei     122
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba     12214
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic     3333266
Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg  Czechoslovakia     2321133339
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark     443211321110
Flag of East Germany.svg  East Germany     31
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador     122
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt     333123334412
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia     1113
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland     2333333333333313
Flag of France.svg  France     244313331333333332343334425
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia     11
Flag of the German Olympic Team (1960-1968).svg  United Team of Germany     332
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany     133333234444413
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain     3443333333333333331224444426
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece     11124
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala     11112117
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary     133333333333333444444422
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland     32214
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy     143333313133313333344442425
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan     233333311333213
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan     22222227
Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan     122
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia     3122221119
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania     3112433329
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco     21
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico     22233333323332222224421
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands     1431336
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand     11
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway     2223
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru     112
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland     33333332344333415
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal     12331117
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania     3331116
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia     53344437
Russian Olympic Committee flag.png  ROC     31
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa     1311116
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea     1333123334411
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union     3333333339
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain     3233331119
Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname     11
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden     1244333333333333333121122
Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland     33331313311111215
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand     11
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia     31
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey     1123
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine     131343138
Olympic flag.svg  Unified Team     31
Flag of the United States.svg  United States     124333333333333331444332125
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay     33114
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan     212
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany     333335
Nations    10711141016161916231518201717182630222426272628313262
Athletes    3223383724424551406037485947435265663248647272727272823+
Year96000408 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 24

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "ON-Modern pentathlon at the Tokyo Olympics". Reuters. 2021-06-22. Retrieved 2021-08-05.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Helfers, Edward (2012-08-09). "The Glorious Irrelevance of Modern Pentathlon". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2021-08-05.
  3. 1 2 3 Sandra Heck (2013). Von Spielenden Soldaten und kämpfenden Athleten. Die Genese des Modernen Fünfkampfes. Göttingen: V & R Unipress. ISBN   978-3-8471-0201-4.
  4. 1 2 Andy Bull (2021-11-03). "Modern pentathlon was at risk long before a horse was punched. How to update it?". TheGuardian.com . Retrieved 2021-11-29.
  5. "Olympics: modern pentathlon to become four-event discipline". the Guardian. 2008-11-24. Retrieved 2021-08-05.
  6. 1 2 3 Wilson, Stephen (8 February 2013). "IOC set to remove 1 sport from Olympic program; modern pentathlon appears most at risk". Times Colonist. Retrieved 2021-08-05.
  7. "Olympic modern pentathlon preview: Everything you need to know at the 2024 Games". nbcolympics.com. National Broadcasting Company (NBC). 7 August 2024. Archived from the original on 10 February 2025. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  8. "Modern pentathlon at 2024 Paris Olympics: How it works, what to know". usatoday.com. USA Today. 8 August 2024. Archived from the original on 13 August 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  9. Ben Church (5 November 2021). "Modern Pentathlon removes horse riding from competition after Tokyo 2020 incident". CNN. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
  10. "UIPM to meet athletes seeking board resignation over horse riding axe". Reuters. 6 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-07 via www.reuters.com.
  11. "Olympic Analytics - Medals by Countries". olympanalyt.com. Retrieved 2022-01-31.