Archery at the Summer Olympics | |
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IOC Code | ARC |
Governing body | World Archery |
Events | 5 (men: 2; women: 2; mixed: 1) |
Summer Olympics | |
Archery had its debut at the 1900 Summer Olympics and has been contested in 18 Olympiads. 105 nations have competed in the Olympic archery events, with France appearing the most often at 15 times. The most noticeable trend has been the excellence of South Korean archers, who have won 32 out of 44 gold medals in archery events since 1984. Olympic archery is governed by the World Archery Federation (WA; formerly FITA). Recurve archery is the only discipline of archery featured at the Olympic Games. Archery is also an event at the Summer Paralympics.
Archery events not held
Olympic Games not held
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The second Olympic Games, Paris 1900, saw the first appearance of archery. Seven men's disciplines in varying distances were contested. At the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, six archery events were contested, of which three were men's and three were women's competitions. Team archery was introduced, as was women's archery. At the 1908 Summer Olympics, three archery events were held. Archery was not featured at the 1912 Summer Olympics but reappeared in the 1920 Summer Olympics but only as a men's event.
Archery has appeared in the Olympics only eighteen times, as between 1920 and 1972 it was not included in the program. The archery competition featured at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich consisted of a double FITA Round (from 2014 known as a '1440 Round') competition with two events: men's individual and women's individual. This form of archery competition was held until the 1988 Summer Olympics, when team competition was added and the Grand FITA Round format was used. Starting at the 1992 Summer Olympics, the Olympic Round with head-to-head matches was adopted and has been used ever since.
In 1984 at Los Angeles, Neroli Fairhall of New Zealand was the first paraplegic competitor in the Olympic Games. [1]
Since 2004, the archery competitions at the Olympic Games have often been held in iconic locations like the Panathinaikos Stadium (2004), Lord’s Cricket Ground (2012), and the Sambodromo (2016). [2] In the 2024 Paris games, it will take place outside the Hôtel des Invalides in the Esplanade. [3]
Archery competitions in 1900, 1904, 1908, and 1920 years preceded the modern, standardized archery competition under the rules of the World Archery Federation. [4] They were contested by three nations at most in any given year, and were dominated by home nations in both the number of participants and number of medals won. The nations that competed during that period were France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and the United States. In some events in Antwerp (1920) bronze medals were not awarded as only two nations competed. [5] [6]
1972 marked the beginning of the modern archery competition at the Olympic Games. The events began to use standardized forms and many nations competed. [4]
This table includes archery competitions in 1900, 1904, 1908, and 1920 in addition to the ones from 1972 onward. [7]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | South Korea | 32 | 10 | 8 | 50 |
2 | United States | 14 | 11 | 10 | 35 |
3 | Belgium | 11 | 7 | 3 | 21 |
4 | France | 7 | 12 | 8 | 27 |
5 | Italy | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9 |
6 | Great Britain | 2 | 2 | 5 | 9 |
7 | China | 1 | 7 | 2 | 10 |
8 | Soviet Union | 1 | 3 | 3 | 7 |
9 | Finland | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
Ukraine | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |
11 | Netherlands | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
12 | Australia | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
13 | Turkey | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
14 | Spain | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
15 | Japan | 0 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
16 | Germany | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
17 | Chinese Taipei | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
18 | ROC | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Sweden | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
20 | Mexico | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
21 | Poland | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Russia | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
23 | Indonesia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
24 | Unified Team | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Totals (24 entries) | 76 | 74 | 66 | 216 |
Qualification spots in archery are allotted to National Olympic Committees rather than to individual athletes. The minimum age for an Olympic archer is 16, according to World Archery (The Federation for the sport). There are two ways an NOC may earn qualification spots: by team or by an individual. For each gender, an NOC that earns a team qualification spot may send three archers to compete in that team event; each archer also competes in the individual competition. NOCs that earn individual qualification spots are limited to a single entry in the individual event.
For each gender, there are 12 team qualification spots: the host nation, the top 8 teams at the World Archery Championships, and the top 3 teams at the Final World Team Qualification Tournament. [8]
In addition to the 36 entries awarded through team qualification, an additional 28 individual qualification spots are available for each gender, bringing the total number of competitors in each individual event to 64.
Qualification for the mixed team event is done through the ranking round at the Olympics.
For 2012, the qualification rules were adjusted slightly. The host nation continued to receive three spots, as did the top eight teams at the World Championship. However, only 8 further individuals qualified through the individual placement at the World Championship. The continental tournaments received unbalanced allocations, with Africa and Oceania receiving only two qualification spots to the other continents' three. The Tripartite Commission retained its three selections. The remaining 13 spots were decided by Final Qualification Tournaments. Three additional team spots (9 individual spots) were allocated through the Final Qualification team event, and the last 4 spots through the Final Qualification individual tournament. If any of the NOCs qualifying through Final Qualification had already earned an individual spot, one more spot as added to the individual Final Qualification quota. [9]
Africa received 3 qualification spots in the continental tournaments, leaving Oceania as the only continent to receive 2 spots rather than 3.
For the 2020 Olympics (which was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic), [10] the five Continental Games were added to the qualification pathway. The winning NOC in the mixed team event at each of the five receives one allocation spot per gender; there is also one quota spot per gender for the individual event winners at the Asian, European, and Pan American Games. The World Championship allocation was reduced to 4 per gender and the Tripartite Commission allocation was reduced to 2 per gender. The European continental tournament received an additional spot (up to 4) at the expense of Oceania (down to 1) and Africa (down to 2). The base allocation for the final individual qualification tournament was reduced to only 1 per gender, though this tournament also reallocates unused quota spots.
From 1988 through 2016, Olympic archery consisted of four medal events: men's individual, women's individual, men's team, and women's team. The mixed team event was added in 2020. In all five events, the distance from the archer to the target is 70 meters.
In the individual competitions, 64 archers compete. The competition begins with the ranking round. Each archer shoots 72 arrows (in six ends, or groups, of 12 arrows). They are then ranked by score to determine their seeding for the single-elimination bracket. After this, final rankings for each archer are determined by the archer's score in the round in which the archer was defeated, with the archers defeated in the first round being ranked 33rd through 64th.
The first elimination round pits the first ranked archer against the sixty-fourth, the second against the sixty-third, and so on. In this match as well as the second and third, the archers shoot simultaneously 18 arrows in ends of 3 arrows. The archer with the higher score after 18 arrows moves on to the next round while the loser is eliminated.
After three such rounds, there are 8 archers remaining. The remaining three rounds (quarterfinals, semifinals, and medal matches) are referred to as the finals rounds. They consist of each archer shooting 12 arrows, again in ends of 3 arrows. The two archers in the match alternate by arrow instead of shooting their arrows simultaneously as in the first three rounds. The losers of the quarterfinals are eliminated, while the losers of the semifinals play each other to determine the bronze medal and fourth place. The two archers who are undefeated through the semifinals face each other in the gold medal match, in which the winner takes the gold medal while the loser receives the silver medal.
All matches in 2008 were in the previous finals round format, using 12 arrow matches. Archers alternated shooting by arrow.
The individual match system was completely overhauled for the 2012 Olympics, though the single elimination with bronze medal match format was retained. The matches now consisted of sets. Each set comprised both archers shooting three arrows. The archer with the best score in the set received two points; if the set was drawn, each archer received one point. The match would continue until one archer reached six points. If the match was tied after five sets, a single arrow shoot-off was held with the closest arrow to center winning. [11]
The team event uses the results of the same ranking round as the individual competition to determine seeding for the teams. The team's three individual archers' scores are summed to get a team ranking round score. The competition thereafter is a single-elimination bracket, with the top 4 teams receiving a bye into the quarterfinals. The semifinal losers face each other in the bronze medal match. The set format from the individual competition was not used in 2012, but was used beginning in 2016. [12] In team matches prior to 2016, each archer shot 8 arrows, with the best overall team score (for the total of 24 arrows) winning the match. Beginning with 2016, the set format (with each archer shooting two arrows per set for a total of six arrows per team per set) is used. The teams score 2 set points for every match won, if a tie occurs both teams will be given 1 point each. the first team to reach 5 set points wins.
The mixed team competition uses the results of the ranking round to both qualify and seed teams. Each of the 16 teams that compete consist of one man and one woman.
Early Olympic archery competitions had events that were unique for each of the Games.
1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1920 |
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7 events, men only | 6 events, men and women | 3 events, men and women | not held | 10 events, men only |
Current program | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Event | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Years | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men's individual | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 | |||||||||||||||
Men's team | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 | |||||||||||||||
Women's individual | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 | |||||||||||||||
Women's team | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 | |||||||||||||||
Mixed team | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | 2 | |||||||||||||||
Events | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 50 |
The following nations have taken part in the Archery competition.
96 | In the table headings, indicates the Games year, from 1896 to 2012 | |
3 | Number of archers participated in the specified Games | |
Archery not competed in these years | ||
Host nation for the specified Games | ||
NOC did not compete in Games or was superseded or preceded by other NOC(s) during these years |
The Olympic records for archery are for the competition format established in 1992.
# of arrows | Archer(s) | Score | Games |
---|---|---|---|
72 (ranking) | Kim Woo-jin (KOR) | 700 | 2016 |
216 (team ranking) | South Korea Im Dong-hyun Kim Bub-min Oh Jin-hyek | 2087 | 2012 |
# of arrows | Archer(s) | Score | Games |
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72 (ranking) | Lim Si-hyeon (KOR) | 694 [13] | 2024 |
216 (team ranking) | South Korea Jang Min-hee Kang Chae-young An San | 2032 | 2020 |
# of arrows | Archer(s) | Score | Games |
---|---|---|---|
144 (ranking) | South Korea Kim Woo-jin Lim Si-hyeon | 1380 | 2024 |
Archery at the 2000 Summer Olympics was held at Sydney International Archery Park in Sydney, Australia with ranking rounds on 16 September and regular competition held from 17 to 20 September. One hundred twenty-eight archers from forty-six nations competed in the four gold medal events—individual and team events for men and for women—that were contested at these games.
Archery at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, Greece with ranking rounds on 12 August and regular competition held from 15 August to 21 August. One hundred twenty-eight archers from forty-three nations competed in the four gold medal events—individual and team events for men and for women—that were contested at these games.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics, the Archery competitions were held between 9 August and 15 August, at the Olympic Green Archery Field, a temporary venue on the Olympic Green, Beijing's Olympic Park.
The men's team archery event at the 2008 Summer Olympics was part of the archery programme and took place at the Olympic Green Archery Field. Ranking Round was scheduled for August 9 and elimination rounds and Finals took place on August 11. All archery is done at a range of 70 metres, with targets 1.22 metres in diameter.
The archery events at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held over an eight-day period from 27 July to 3 August. Four events took place, all being staged at Lord's Cricket Ground in front of temporary stands built to accommodate up to 6,500 spectators.
The girls' individual archery event at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held from 18 to 20 August 2010 at the Kallang Field in Kallang, Singapore. It was one of three recurve archery events which comprised the archery programme at the inaugural Summer Youth Olympics, and featured thirty-one archers from thirty-one countries. Entry was open to female archers born between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 1993.
The women's individual archery event at the 2012 Olympic Games was held from 27 July to 2 August 2012 at Lord's Cricket Ground in London in the United Kingdom. The event was one of four which comprised the 2012 Olympic archery programme of sports and was the eleventh time the women's individual competition was contested as an Olympic event. Forty nations qualified for the competition, sending a total of sixty-four archers to compete. The defending Olympic champion from 2008 was Zhang Juanjuan of China, who did not compete following her retirement in 2010.
The archery events at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place in Yumenoshima Park. Five events were planned with a mixed team event staged for the first time.
The women's individual archery event at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held from 5 to 13 August at the Sambadrome Marquês de Sapucaí in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One of four archery events as part of the 2016 Olympic catalogue of sports, it was the fourteenth time a women's individual competition was contested as a discipline at the Olympic Games. Forty different nations qualified for the event, sending a total of sixty-four archers to compete. The defending Olympic champion was Ki Bo-bae of South Korea.
The men's individual archery event was one of five archery events at the 2020 Summer Olympics. It was held at Yumenoshima Park, in Tokyo, Japan. There were 64 competitors from 40 nations, with nations having either 1 or 3 archers.
The women's individual archery event was one of five archery events held at the 2020 Summer Olympics. It was held at Yumenoshima Park. There were 64 competitors from 40 nations, with each nation having either 1 or 3 archers.
The men's team archery event was one of five archery events held at the 2020 Summer Olympics. It was held at Yumenoshima Park, in Tokyo, Japan, with the ranking round taking place on 23 July and match play on 26 July.
The women's team archery event was one of five archery events held at the 2020 Summer Olympics. It was held at Yumenoshima Park, with the ranking round taking place on 23 July and match play on 25 July.
The girls' individual archery event at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics was held from 12 to 16 October 2018 at the Parque Sarmiento in Buenos Aires, Argentina. One of three recurve archery events which comprised the archery programme, it was the third time the girls' individual discipline had been contested at Summer Youth Olympics. Thirty-two archers from thirty-two countries entered the competition, which was open to female archers born between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2003. The defending champion was China's Li Jiaman, who was unable to defend her title due to the age limitations imposed on the event.
The women's individual recurve competition at the 2019 European Games was held from 21 to 26 June 2019 at the Olympic Sports Complex in Minsk, Belarus. It was the second time the event was held as part of the European Games archery programme. A total of 48 archers from 32 different nations entered the competition, with a maximum of three entries per country. The event offered one qualifying spot for the women's individual event at the 2020 Summer Olympics for any archer reaching the semi-finals from a nation that had not already qualified. The defending champion, Karina Winter of Germany, did not take part following her retirement from the sport.
The women's individual recurve archery event at the 2019 Pan American Games was held from 7 August to 11 August at the Villa María del Triunfo sports complex in Lima, Peru. One of eight archery events as part of the 2019 Pan American catalogue of sports, it was the eleventh time the women's individual recurve competition had been contested at the Games. Thirty-two archers from fourteen nations qualified for the event.
The archery competitions at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris took place over seven days, from 25 July to 4 August, at Les Invalides. 128 archers competed across five events, with the mixed team recurve returning to the Olympic program for the second time.
This article details the qualifying phase for archery at the 2024 Summer Olympics. The competition at these Games will comprise a total of 128 archers, with an equal distribution between men and women, coming from their respective NOCs; each is permitted to enter a maximum of six archers, three per gender. NOCs that qualify for a gender-based team recurve can select three members to form a squad, ensuring that each of them must compete in the individual recurve.
The women's individual archery event is one of five archery events at the 2024 Summer Olympics. It is being held at Les Invalides. There are 64 competitors from 40 nations, with nations having either 1 or 3 archers.
The men's individual archery event is one of five archery events at the 2024 Summer Olympics. It will be held at Les Invalides. There were 64 competitors from 40 nations, with nations having either 1 or 3 archers.