Figure skating at the Olympic Games | |
---|---|
IOC Code | FSK |
Governing body | ISU |
Events | 5 (men: 1; women: 1; mixed: 3) |
Summer Olympics | |
Winter Olympics | |
Figure skating was first contested in the Olympic Games at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, the sport has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games.
Men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating have been held most often. Ice dance joined as a medal sport in 1976 and a team event debuted at the 2014 Olympics. Special figures were contested at only one Olympics, in 1908. Synchronized skating has never appeared at the Olympics but aims to be included. [1]
Figure skating was first contested as an Olympic sport at the 1908 Summer Olympics, in London, United Kingdom. As this traditional winter sport could be conducted indoors, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) approved its inclusion in the Summer Olympics program. [2] It was featured a second time at the Antwerp Games, [3] after which it was permanently transferred to the program of the Winter Olympic Games, first held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. [2]
In London, figure skating was presented in four events: men's singles, women's singles, men's special figures, and mixed pairs. The special figures contest was won by Russian Nikolai Panin, who gave his country its first ever Olympic gold medal. [4] He remains the event's sole winner, as it was subsequently dropped from the program.
Ice dance joined as a medal sport in 1976, after appearing as a demonstration event at Grenoble 1968. [3]
A team event debuted at the 2014 Olympics. [5] It consists of two segments: qualification and finals. During qualification each team has one men's single skater, one ladies' single skater, one pair, and one ice dance couple skate their short program/dance. Before the finals, each team is allowed to replace up to two skaters/couples. The final consists of each skater/couple skating their free program/dance. Results are determined by placement points. [6]
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The number of entries for the figure skating events at the Olympic Games is limited by a quota set by the International Olympic Committee. There are 30 participants in each singles events (ladies and men), 20 pairs, and 24 ice dance duos.
In the past, skaters must represent a member nation of the International Skating Union and reach the age of fifteen before July 1 of the previous year. After the previous 2022 Olympic Games, this rule has changed and the new age requirement by the next Olympics will be 17-years-old. They are also required to be citizens of the country they are representing. [7] Competitors have until just before the Olympics to receive citizenship. Since nationality rules are less strict for the ISU Championships, sometimes skaters who have competed at World or European championships are not eligible for the Olympics.
80% of the Olympic spots (24 men/ladies, 19 dance couples, 16 pairs) are allotted to countries according to the results of the previous year's World Figure Skating Championships. A country may have a maximum of three entries per discipline. Countries earn two or three entries by earning points through their skaters' placements. The points are equal to the sum of the placements of the country's skaters (top two if they have three). If a country only has one skater/couple, that skater/couple must place in the top ten to earn two entries and in the top two to earn three entries. If a country has two skaters/teams, the combined placement of those teams must be 13 or less to qualify 3 entries, and 28 or less to qualify two entries. The remaining places are awarded to one skater/couple each from countries that failed to get multiple places, in order of their skaters' placement in the world championships.
Following the World Championships, countries that have not qualified an entry in a particular discipline receive another opportunity in an international competition held in the autumn (usually the Nebelhorn Trophy) prior to the Olympic Games. Six spots are available in men's singles, six in ladies' singles, four in pairs, and five in ice dance. At some Olympics, the host country is automatically entitled to one entry in each discipline, e.g. in 1994, [8] 2010, [9] and 2018 if minimum scores are achieved. [10] If a country receives a spot by being the host, one fewer spot is available in the autumn qualifying competition.
The selection of representatives is at the national governing body's discretion. Some countries rely on the results of their national championships while others have more varied criteria. This may include reaching a certain placement at the European Figure Skating Championships and the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships. [8]
A very specific scoring system is used for every discipline in the Olympics. This is referred to as the International Judging System (IJS). Competitors are scored on the technical score and the program components. Each technical element that is attempted in a program has a specific base value of points, which varies based on the element. [11] Additionally, elements such as spins and step sequences can achieve different levels, which can add or subtract points from that element's final score. At the end of the program, all of the competitors' technical element points are added up to form their technical scores. The program components are determined by the overall presentation of a performance and are separated into five categories. The categories consist of skating skills, transitions, performance, composition, and interpretation of the music. [12] Again, these categories are added together at the end of the program to determine the program components score. The technical elements score and the program components score are added together to create a final segment score.
The judging system consists of two parts, the technical panel and the judges. [11] The technical panel involves five people that play different roles in judging the technical elements of a skaters program. First, there is the technical specialist, who uses the rules developed by the International Skating Union to identify each element and its level of difficulty. The two judges who support the main technical specialist are referred to as the technical controllers and assistant technical specialist. They make sure the primary specialist has correctly identified the elements and make any final decisions on the technical elements presented in the program. The final two roles presented by the technical panel are the data operator and video replay operator. Separate from the technical panel is the judging panel, which is made up of nine judges. Their job is to judge the quality of each element done by the skater regarding the technical elements, as well as evaluate the program components shown in the program. They do this by a great of execution score, GOE, that ranges from –5 to +5 and determines how many points can be added or subtracted from the base value of an element.
Within figure skating, there is a set minimum age limit for all elite competitors through the sport. This age was formerly 15 years old, until after the 2022 Olympic Games in Beijing. During this event, 15-year-old Russian figure skater Kamila Valieva was the favorite to win the ladies' single event, until she was found to have a positive drug test for a banned substance previous to the competition. [13] The International Olympic Committee had to conduct an investigation into Valieva during the Olympics, which brought a great amount of chaos and controversy as to whether she should have been allowed to compete or not. More importantly, it brought attention to the conditions young athletes are faced with physically, mentally, and emotionally [14] as they are preparing for this event, this not being the first time a situation such as this has occurred in post-Soviet states. After the 2022 Games, the International Skating Union voted to increase the minimum age limit for elite competitors throughout the sport to 17, by a vote of 100 to 16. This limit will be implemented over the course of the next three years, before the 2026 Games in Milan. [15] This decision was based on preserving the physical, mental, and emotional health and wellbeing of figure skaters, and can be summarize by Eric Radford, three-time Canadian Olympic medalist, who stated, "Is a medal worth risking the health of a child or young athlete?"
The discipline of synchronized skating adds a team element to figure skating, having eight to twenty skaters on the ice at once. They skate together in unison performing difficult step sequences and formations together. This discipline has not yet been included in the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) determines whether to add a sport or a discipline to the Olympics based on how many athletes and officials would be included, how popular the sport is, and how much money it would bring to them. [16] The ISU has been making efforts the past several years to "investigate, strategize and gather the information required for Synchronized Skating to be accepted as an Olympic discipline." [17]
Event | 08 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 94 | 98 | 02 | 06 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 22 | Editions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men's singles | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 26 |
Men's special figures | ● | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Women's singles | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 26 |
Pair skating | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 26 |
Ice dance | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 13 | |||||||||||||
Team event | ● | ● | ● | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total events | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Accurate as of 2022 Winter Olympics. [18]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | United States (USA) | 17 | 16 | 21 | 54 |
2 | Russia (RUS) | 14 | 9 | 3 | 26 |
3 | Soviet Union (URS) | 10 | 9 | 5 | 24 |
4 | Austria (AUT) | 7 | 9 | 4 | 20 |
5 | Canada (CAN) | 6 | 11 | 12 | 29 |
6 | Great Britain (GBR) | 5 | 3 | 7 | 15 |
7 | Sweden (SWE) | 5 | 3 | 2 | 10 |
8 | France (FRA) | 4 | 3 | 7 | 14 |
9 | Germany (GER) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
10 | Japan (JPN) | 3 | 5 | 3 | 11 |
11 | East Germany (GDR) | 3 | 3 | 4 | 10 |
12 | Norway (NOR) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
13 | Unified Team (EUN) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
14 | China (CHN) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9 |
15 | ROC (ROC) | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
16 | Netherlands (NED) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |
United Team of Germany (EUA) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |
19 | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
20 | Finland (FIN) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
South Korea (KOR) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
22 | Belgium (BEL) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Ukraine (UKR) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
24 | Russian Empire (RU1) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
25 | Hungary (HUN) | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
26 | Switzerland (SUI) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
27 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
West Germany (FRG) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
29 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Spain (ESP) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (30 entries) | 96 | 95 | 95 | 286 |
The number in each box represents the number of figure skaters the nation sent.
Nation | 08 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 94 | 98 | 02 | 06 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 22 | Years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Armenia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 3 | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | 4 |
Australia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 2 | 6 | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 16 |
Austria | - | - | 4 | 9 | 2 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 6 | 3 | - | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 21 |
Azerbaijan | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 3 | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | 5 |
Belarus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | 5 |
Belgium | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 14 |
Brazil | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 2 |
Bulgaria | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 5 | - | - | - | 1 | 8 |
Canada | - | - | 2 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 15 | 17 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 17 | 17 | 13 | 24 |
China | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 12 |
Chinese Taipei | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
Croatia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 4 |
Czechoslovakia | - | - | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 | - | 4 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15 |
Czech Republic | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 |
Denmark | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 |
Estonia | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | - | 2 | 9 |
Finland | - | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | - | 1 | 3 | 17 |
France | - | 2 | 5 | 3 | 2 | - | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 9 | 14 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 24 |
Georgia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 6 |
Germany | 3 | - | - | 8 | 1 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 13 |
United Team of Germany | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8 | 4 | 11 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 |
East Germany | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 |
West Germany | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 |
Great Britain | 11 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 26 |
Hungary | - | - | - | - | 4 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 3 | - | 1 | 2 | 20 |
Israel | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 8 |
Italy | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | - | 6 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 20 |
Japan | - | - | - | - | 2 | 5 | - | - | - | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 19 |
Kazakhstan | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 5 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | 5 |
South Korea | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | 2 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 16 |
North Korea | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 6 | - | - | - | 4 | 1 | - | 2 | - | 5 |
Latvia | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Lithuania | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | 7 |
Luxembourg | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
Malaysia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
Mexico | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 3 |
Netherlands | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 7 |
Norway | - | 6 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 9 |
Philippines | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 2 |
Poland | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | 2 | 3 | 13 |
Romania | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 10 |
Russia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | - | 18 | 7 |
Russian Empire | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Olympic Athletes from Russia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15 | - | 1 |
Serbia and Montenegro | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Slovakia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | - | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | 5 |
Slovenia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 5 |
South Africa | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
Spain | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 9 |
Sweden | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 21 |
Switzerland | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | 3 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | - | 1 | 2 | 22 |
Turkey | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | - | 4 |
Soviet Union | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 4 | 10 | 10 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8 |
Ukraine | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 8 |
Unified Team | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
United States | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 15 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 16 | 26 |
Uzbekistan | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 7 |
Yugoslavia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
Skaters | 21 | 26 | 29 | 51 | 39 | 84 | 64 | 63 | 59 | 71 | 88 | 96 | 67 | 105 | 83 | 112 | 128 | 133 | 129 | 145 | 143 | 147 | 146 | 149 | 153 | 117 | 2448 |
Nations | 6 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 26 | 28 | 28 | 37 | 31 | 35 | 31 | 30 | 32 | 30 | |
Year | 08 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 94 | 98 | 02 | 06 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 22 | 26 |
# | Number of medals won by the NOC at these Games | – | NOC did not win medals at these Games | NOC did not participate at these Games (in 1912, there was no figure skating) |
NOC | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 94 | 98 | 02 | 06 | 10 | 14 | 18 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria (AUT) | – | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 20 | ||
Belgium (BEL) | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | |||
Canada (CAN) | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 2 | – | 1 | 2 | 2 | – | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 29 | |
China (CHN) | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | – | 1 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
Czechoslovakia (TCH) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | 5 | |||||||||
East Germany (GDR) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Finland (FIN) | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | |
France (FRA) | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | 13 | |
Germany (GER) | 2 | – | – | 2 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |||||||||||||
United Team of Germany (EUA) | – | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Great Britain (GBR) | 6 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | |
Hungary (HUN) | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | ||
Italy (ITA) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | 2 | |
Japan (JPN) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | ||||
Kazakhstan (KAZ) | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Netherlands (NED) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | ||||
Norway (NOR) | – | 3 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | ||
Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Russia (RUS) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 26 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Russian Empire (RU1) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
South Korea (KOR) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | 2 | |||||||||||||
Soviet Union (URS) | – | – | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 24 | |||||||||||||||||
Spain (ESP) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Sweden (SWE) | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | |
Switzerland (SUI) | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 3 | |
Ukraine (UKR) | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Unified Team (EUN) | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
United States (USA) | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | – | 1 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 51 | |
West Germany (FRG) | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Year | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 94 | 98 | 02 | 06 | 10 | 14 | 18 | – |
Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games, with its introduction occurring at the 1908 Olympics in London. The Olympic disciplines are men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance; the four individual disciplines are also combined into a team event, which was first included in the Winter Olympics in 2014. The non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating. From intermediate through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs, which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves.
The World Figure Skating Championships, commonly referred to as "Worlds", are an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Generally held in March, the World Championships are considered to be the most prestigious of the ISU Figure Skating Championships. With the exception of the Olympic title, a world title is considered to be the highest competitive achievement in figure skating.
Synchronized skating, often called synchro, is an ice skating sport where between 8 and 20 skaters perform together as a team. They move as a flowing unit at high speed over the ice, while performing elements and footwork.
The ISU Judging System or the International Judging System (IJS), occasionally referred to as the Code of Points (COP) system, is the scoring system that has been used since 2004 to judge the figure skating disciplines of men's and ladies' singles, pair skating, ice dance, and synchronized skating. It was designed and implemented by the International Skating Union (ISU), the ruling body of the sport.
Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics was held at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The events took place between 14 and 27 February 2010.
The 2013 World Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2012–13 season. The event was held at the Budweiser Gardens in London, Ontario, Canada on March 11–17. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The event also determined the number of entries a country may send to the 2014 World Championships and 2014 Winter Olympics.
The 2014 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2013–14 season. The competition was held in Budapest, Hungary from January 13 to 19th, 2014. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
The following is about the qualification rules and allocation of spots for the figure skating events at the 2014 Winter Olympics.
The 2016–17 ISU Junior Grand Prix was the 20th season of a series of junior international competitions organized by the International Skating Union that were held from August 2016 through December 2016. It was the junior-level complement to the 2016–17 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix Final in Marseille, France.
The 2017–18 ISU Junior Grand Prix was a series of junior international competitions organized by the International Skating Union that were held from August 2017 through December 2017. It was the junior-level complement to the 2017–18 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the 2017–18 Junior Grand Prix Final in Nagoya, Japan.
The following is about the qualification rules and allocation of spots for the figure skating events at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
The 2018–19 ISU Junior Grand Prix was a series of junior international competitions organized by the International Skating Union that were held from August 2018 through December 2018. It was the junior-level complement to the 2018–19 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the 2018–19 Junior Grand Prix Final in Vancouver, Canada.
The 2020 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Graz, Austria, on 20–26 January 2020. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each federation at the 2021 European Championships.
The 2020 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships were held on February 4–9, 2020 in Seoul, South Korea. Held annually since 1999, the competition featured skaters from the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
The following is about the qualification rules and allocation of spots for the figure skating events at the 2022 Winter Olympics.
The 2022 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships were held from January 18–23, 2022, at the Tondiraba Ice Hall in Tallinn, Estonia. Held annually since 1999, the competition featured skaters from the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
The 2022 European Figure Skating Championships were held from 10 to 16 January 2022 at the Tondiraba Ice Hall in Tallinn, Estonia. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each federation at the 2023 European Championships. Tallinn was announced as the host in June 2019. The city had previously hosted the competition in 2010.
The 2022 World Figure Skating Championships were held in Montpellier, France, from March 21–27, 2022. Figure skaters competed for the title of world champion in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition was used to determine the entry quotas for each federation at the 2023 World Championships.
The 2023 European Figure Skating Championships were held from 25 to 29 January 2023 at the Espoo Metro Areena in Espoo, Finland. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each skating federation at the 2024 European Championships.
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Media related to Figure skating at the Olympics at Wikimedia Commons