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Music of Morocco |
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Specific forms |
Regional music |
Moroccan rap music is a Moroccan musical style related to rap and hip hop culture. [1]
Moroccan's hip-hop and urban culture history dates back to the mid-1990s, when, after hip-hop's emergence in Western culture, Moroccan immigrant youth in Europe transferred the new musical style back to Morocco upon their returns home.
Rap and urban music have since gained a following in major urban centers in Morocco. Moroccan rap, a favorite genre for many Moroccans, especially Moroccan youth, speaks out and protests on social and political issues. [2] [3]
Moroccan music varies greatly between geographic regions and social groups. It is influenced by musical styles including Arab, Berber, Andalusi, Mediterranean, Saharan, West African, and others.
Andalusī nūbah, also transliterated nūba, nūbā, or nouba, or in its classical Arabic form, nawba, nawbah, or nōbah, is a music genre found in the North African Maghrib states of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya but, as the name indicates, it has its origins in Andalusi music. The name replaced the older use of sawt and originated from the musician waiting behind a curtain to be told it was his turn or nawbah by the sattar or curtain man.
Abdelkebir Khatibi was a prolific Moroccan literary critic, novelist, philosopher, playwright, poet, and sociologist. Affected in his late twenties by the rebellious spirit of 1960s counterculture, he challenged in his writings the social and political norms upon which the countries of the Maghreb region were constructed. His collection of essays Maghreb pluriel is one of his most notable works.
The Jebala are a tribal confederation inhabiting an area in northwest Morocco from the town of Ketema to the west. The Jbala region thus occupies the western part of the Rif mountains. The Jbala has a population of 1,284,000 and is divided into over 40 tribes, today known as "rural communes", and adjacent to them are a small group of nine tribes called the Ghmara (غمارة), who inhabit the territory between the line of mountain peaks to the north of Chefchaouen and the Mediterranean Sea. In addition to tribal heterogeneity, this region is also geographically diverse. High mountains are interspersed with hills and flatlands, and local inhabitants settle in both the high mountains and valleys. In addition to the rainy climate, which influences the way the inhabitants build their houses as well as their special agricultural practices, there are also numerous cultural characteristics that contribute to an emphasised sense of identity and make the Jbala people clearly distinguishable from their neighbours from the eastern part of the Rif Mountains where the climate is more arid, and from the former shepherds from the Atlantic coast (‘Arab). There are only a few cities in the country of the Jbala, and its population remains mostly rural. During the Middle Ages, chroniclers and historians knew the Jbala under their original name, Ghomara.
Arabic, particularly the Moroccan Arabic dialect, is the most widely spoken language in Morocco, but a number of regional and foreign languages are also spoken. The official languages of Morocco are Modern Standard Arabic and Standard Moroccan Berber. Moroccan Arabic is by far the primary spoken vernacular and lingua franca, whereas Berber languages serve as vernaculars for significant portions of the country. The languages of prestige in Morocco are Arabic in its Classical and Modern Standard Forms and sometimes French, the latter of which serves as a second language for approximately 33% of Moroccans. According to a 2000–2002 survey done by Moha Ennaji, author of Multilingualism, Cultural Identity, and Education in Morocco, "there is a general agreement that Standard Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, and Berber are the national languages." Ennaji also concluded "This survey confirms the idea that multilingualism in Morocco is a vivid sociolinguistic phenomenon, which is favored by many people."
Moroccan pop or abbreviated as Morocco-pop music is a genre of the new Moroccan music generation along the hip hop, rap music in Morocco.
Omar Souhaili, better known by his stage name Dizzy DROS, is a Moroccan rapper, songwriter and producer.
Mostafa Terrab is a Moroccan businessman and industrialist. He has been the chairman and chief executive officer of the Moroccan state-owned phosphate-mining company OCP since 2006. Since 2019 Terrab has also been President of the International Fertilizer Organisation. He was an adviser to the late King Hassan II and member of the G-14 think-tank, which counted figures such as Taieb Fassi-Fihri and Driss Jettou.
Oum El Ghaït Benessahraoui, better known as Oum, is a singer-songwriter of modern Moroccan popular music. Performing and recording both in North Africa and in Europe, she mixes hassani, jazz, gospel, soul, afrobeat and Sufi musical influences in her songs.
H-Kayne is a Moroccan rap group that was created in the city of Meknes in 1996.
Danièle Pistone is a French musicologist, emeritus professor at the University Paris Sorbonne 4.
Issam Harris, known by his stage name Issam, is a Moroccan rapper, songwriter and trap artist. He was born in Derb Sultan, Casablanca and became known in 2018 with his song and music video, "Trap Beldi". This track allowed him to gain popularity being one of the first Moroccan trap songs to reach over 10 million views on YouTube.
Aline Réveillaud de Lens, was a French novelist and painter who lived and worked in Tunisia and Morocco. She signed her works A. R. de Lens, A.-R. de Lens and Aline de Lens.
Sanaa El Aji is a Moroccan sociologist, writer, and journalist.
Dourouf El Guaddar known professionally as Nores, is a Moroccan rapper and music producer.
Avenue Mohammed V, sometimes referred to by its old name Avenue Dar al-Makhzen, is a major thoroughfare in downtown Rabat, Morocco. Its main section was created under the French Protectorate in Morocco and mostly developed between 1915 and 1932, when it was also known as Cours Lyautey. At the southern end of that section is the As-Sunna Mosque, whose history dates back to the 18th century like that of the nearby royal palace or Dar el-Makhzen.
Shayfeen is a Moroccan hip-hop duo consisting of two rappers, Small X and Shobee, known for their socially conscious lyrics and unique style. The duo has gained a significant following in Morocco and the wider Arab world, as well as internationally, through their music and collaborations with other artists.
Taoufiq Hazeb, known as Don Bigg, Bigg da Don or Bigg, is a Moroccan rapper born on October 8, 1983, in Casablanca.
7liwa, real name Ihab Ikbal is a Moroccan rapper. He is known since 2016.
Tagne, whose real name is Ilies Tagne, is a Moroccan rapper of Cameroonian descent who is an active figure in the Moroccan rap scene.