Okaihau Branch

Last updated

Okaihau Branch
Otiria Junction showing railway yards, the railway station, and several trains ATLIB 338372.png
View of Otiria Junction, showing railway yards, the railway station and several trains
Overview
Other name(s)Kaikohe Branch
Rangiahua Branch
Owner Railways Department
Locale Northland, New Zealand
Termini
Stations8
Service
Type Heavy rail
System New Zealand Government Railways (NZGR)
Operator(s) Railways Department
History
Opened1 May 1914 (1914-05-01)
Complete to Ōkaihau29 October 1923 (1923-10-29)
Closed to Passengers21 July 1976 (1976-07-21)
Closed1 November 1987 (1987-11-01)
Technical
Line length40.00 km (24.85 mi)
Track length61.29 km (38.08 mi)
Number of tracksSingle
CharacterRural
Track gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Okaihau Branch
km
BSicon exCONTg.svg
BSicon eKHSTxa.svg
Otiria
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BSicon eKRWgr.svg
BSicon exSTR.svg
BSicon CONTf.svg
BSicon exHST.svg
5
Kawiti
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7
Cameron's Crossing
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10
Ngapipito
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17
Rakautao
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22
Ngapuhi
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26
Kaikohe
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35
Lake Omapere
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40
Okaihau
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61.24
Rangiahua
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61.29
end of track
Okaihau Branch
Map

The Okaihau Branch, sometimes known as the Kaikohe Branch and rarely the Rangiahua Branch, was a branch line railway that joined the North Auckland Line of the national rail network of New Zealand at Otiria. It was the most northerly line in New Zealand and was intended to run all the way to Kaitaia. It opened to Ōkaihau in 1923 and closed in 1987.

Contents

Construction

Proposals for a railway line to Kaitaia and the Far North existed as early as the 1870s, but it was not until 1909 that preliminary surveys were conducted. After the North Auckland Line was linked to and extended over the Opua Branch in 1911, construction progressed in earnest from Otiria towards Kaikohe: initial work had been undertaken in 1910. On 1 May 1914, this section opened. A small amount of further construction took place over the next two years, but World War I meant that no work took place between 1916 and 1919. The resumption of work led to the completion of the line to Ōkaihau on 29 October 1923.

Debate raged over what route to follow to Kaitaia. The proposal was to run from Ōkaihau to Rangiahua, near the Hokianga Harbour, and then either through the Maungataniwha Range, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long with two tunnels; or skirting the range, roughly ten kilometres (6.2 mi) longer with no tunnels. A 1921 commission did not support work beyond Ōkaihau, but a compromise in 1923 established Rangiahua as the northern terminus and the Public Works Department continued to build northwards, albeit slowly. [1]

Due to the Great Depression construction of the line beyond Ōkaihau was abandoned in 1931. [2] The Rangiahua section was essentially complete: the line wound downhill to the settlement and a station yard complete with platform was built, though the station building itself was not erected. Following a change in government in 1935, a 1936 review of the work beyond Ōkaihau was undertaken, and the decision was made not to extend the line to Kaitaia. [1] The steep route to Rangiahua was not seen as being particularly useful and had been plagued by slips. The line was accordingly terminated in Okaihau, which was on the main State Highway north (SH1). During 1938 [2] and World War II the abandoned trackage was salvaged, sometimes by bullock teams, [2] for use elsewhere, especially the Dargaville Branch. [2]

Stations

These stations were on the Okaihau Branch. The extension to Rangiahua is not included, as it never saw regular service.

StationkmClosed [3]
Otiria to Kaikohe (opened May 1, 1914)
Otiria 0August 31, 2016
Kawiti 5January 27, 1974
Cameron's Crossing7January 28, 1974
Ngapipito10January 27, 1974
Rakautao17January 27, 1974
Ngapuhi 22January 27, 1974
Kaikohe 26November 1, 1987
Kaikohe to Okaihau (opened October 29, 1923)
Lake Omapere road crossing 35January 27, 1974
Okaihau 40November 1, 1987

Notes:

Operation

Although Kaikohe has become established as the service centre of the Far North, it failed to generate much rail traffic in the early years of the line. During the first ten months of existence, just 1,500 tons of inbound freight was carried, with roughly half that carried outbound; the decline continued to the point that in 1918 Kaikohe lost its stationmaster. Minimal services were offered, and although losses increased up to 1930, fortunes had somewhat improved by 1940, and by 1950 there was sufficient traffic to justify six trains each way a week. Two carried solely freight, while four were mixed trains, also carrying passengers. Full complements of staff were employed at Kaikohe and Ōkaihau, where a locomotive depot was located.

When railcars were introduced on services north of Auckland in November 1956, they ran all the way to Ōkaihau. Previously, a carriage train known as the Northland Express (or the Opua Express) had run from Auckland to Opua with connections to Okaihau via the mixed trains, but with the change of the northern terminus to Ōkaihau, the branch increased in importance. This proved to be short-lived as the railcar service was withdrawn in July 1967 due to mechanical problems plaguing the 88-seater railcars. [4] Passengers had to use the mixed trains, with significantly older rolling stock on a slower schedule, and demand slipped. The branch closed to passengers on 21 June 1976.

In 1977, a relaxation of road transport laws led to a decline in freight traffic on the line and forestry proposals that would have required a railway service failed to eventuate. Scheduled trains were cancelled on 12 August 1983, and for a little over four years the line was shunted when required. The branch closed on 1 November 1987.

Today

After the line's closure, the New Zealand Railways Corporation retained ownership over the trackbed in the hopes that forestry proposals would come to fruition, and some rails were still in place during the 1990s. In most places track and bridges have been removed, though evidence of the bridge piles and ballast remain. A loading bank and rails under a loading chute exist in Kaikohe, and in Ōkaihau, the flat area of the yard, the tunnel leading to Rangiahua and the platform are very apparent. For much of the line's length, its formation is quite obvious and includes embankments and cuttings. At Rangiahua State Highway 1 is where the rails used to be, with a loading bank to the west and a platform to the east. [1] The corridor is still owned by the Railways Corporation.

Pou Herenga Tai – Twin Coast Cycle Trail

A proposal was made by the Kaikohe Rau Marama Community Trust to convert the trackbed between Ōkaihau and Kaikohe into a walking and cycling track, much like the Otago Central Rail Trail and the Little River Rail Trail in the South Island. This was to be the first step in a plan to establish a rail trail through to the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway in Kawakawa. [5]

14 km (8.7 mi) of the line was opened in 2013 [6] as the first part of the 87 km (54 mi) Twin Coast Cycle Trail from Opua to Horeke, [7] which opened fully in 2017. [8]

Cultural references

Folk singer Peter Cape wrote and sang his song The Okaihau Express in the 1950s about the Ōkaihau train, which consisted of a steam engine, a carriage and a guards van. [9] This song has been featured in season 5 of the show Jet Lag: The Game.

See also

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 Tony Hurst (October–November 2021). "Rails Laid but Line Never Opened: Ōkaihau to Rangiahua". New Zealand Railway Observer (369). New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society: 139.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Removing Materials from an Abandoned North Auckland Railway Project". Kura Heritage Collections Online (Auckland Council Libraries). Auckland Weekly News. 6 July 1938. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  3. Scoble, Juliet (2010). "Names & Opening & Closing Dates of Railway Stations in New Zealand" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2018.
  4. T. A. McGavin (Spring 1967). "Railcars No More to Whangarei, Tauranga or Westport". New Zealand Railway Observer. 24 (3). New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society: 88. ISSN   0028-8624.
  5. Kate Molloy, "Proposed Walkway Opens Historic Rail Track", Northern News, 6 June 2007.
  6. "Easy rider: A treasure trove of cycle paths". The New Zealand Herald. 22 February 2013. ISSN   1170-0777 . Retrieved 17 November 2019.
  7. "Twin Coast Cycle Trail Details" . Retrieved 17 November 2019.
  8. "Northland's coast to coast bike trail opens at last". New Zealand Herald. 6 January 2017. ISSN   1170-0777 . Retrieved 17 November 2019.
  9. Cape, Peter. "The Okaihau Express" (song).

Bibliography

  • Churchman, Geoffrey B; Hurst, Tony (2001) [1990, 1991]. The Railways of New Zealand: A Journey through History (Second ed.). Transpress New Zealand. ISBN   0-908876-20-3.
  • Hermann, Bruce J; North Island Branch Lines p 4 (2007, New Zealand Railway & Locomotive Society, Wellington) ISBN   978-0-908573-83-7
  • Leitch, David; Scott, Brian (1995). Exploring New Zealand's Ghost Railways (1998 ed.). Wellington: Grantham House. ISBN   1-86934-048-5.
  • Mulligan, Barbara (2000). New Zealand Rail Trails: A Guide to 42 Ghost Lines. Wellington: Grantham House Publishing. p. 24. ISBN   978-1-86934-126-8.