Kawakawa | |
---|---|
Motto: Train Town | |
Coordinates: 35°22′48″S174°4′8″E / 35.38000°S 174.06889°E | |
Country | New Zealand |
Region | Northland Region |
District | Far North District |
Ward | Bay of Islands-Whangaroa Ward |
Electorates | |
Government | |
• Territorial Authority | Far North District Council |
• Regional council | Northland Regional Council |
Area | |
• Total | 1.73 km2 (0.67 sq mi) |
Population (June 2023) [2] | |
• Total | 1,670 |
• Density | 970/km2 (2,500/sq mi) |
Postcode(s) | 0210 |
Kawakawa is a small town in the Bay of Islands area of the Northland Region of New Zealand. Kawakawa developed as a service town when coal was found there in the 1860s, but coal mining ceased in the early 20th century. The economy is now based on farming. [3] The town is named after the kawakawa shrub. [4]
Kawakawa started developing as a town with the mining of coal, which was discovered there in March 1864. [5] [3] A horse-drawn tramway was opened in 1868 to carry coal from the mines to the Taumarere wharf. In 1871 two steam locomotives were acquired and the tramway was upgraded to railway standard. In 1884 a railway line from Kawakawa to Opua was opened, and this replaced the line to Taumarere wharf. The area was a location for the late 19th/early 20th century kauri gum digging trade. [6]
By 1899 there were about 1,000 residents in the town, which was built mainly on the hillside. In 1899 a fire destroyed all but a few of the buildings. The town was rebuilt on the flat, alongside the railway tracks. The present railway station was built in 1911. [7]
A railway line south to Whangārei was completed in 1911. Coal mining ceased at Kawakawa in the early 20th century.
The Bay of Islands County headquarters were in Kawakawa [3] until the county was disestablished in 1989.
Kawakawa has four marae affiliated with hapū of Ngāpuhi, all based approximately 5 km south of the township in Waiomio. Mohinui Marae and its Hohourongo meeting house are affiliated with Ngāti Hine and Ngāti Kahu o Torongare. Kawiti Marae and Te Tawai Riri Maihi Kawiti meeting house, Miria Marae and Te Rapunga meeting house and Te Kotahitanga and its meeting house of the same name are also connected to Ngāti Hine. [8] [9]
In October 2020, the Government committed $297,133 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Mohinui Marae, creating 3 jobs. It also committed $168,084 to upgrade Miria Marae, creating 14 jobs. [10]
Kawakawa covers 1.73 km2 (0.67 sq mi) [1] and had an estimated population of 1,670 as of June 2023, [2] with a population density of 965 people per km2.
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2006 | 1,326 | — |
2013 | 1,215 | −1.24% |
2018 | 1,464 | +3.80% |
Source: [11] |
Kawakawa had a population of 1,464 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 249 people (20.5%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 138 people (10.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 426 households, comprising 732 males and 732 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.0 males per female. The median age was 31.7 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 405 people (27.7%) aged under 15 years, 297 (20.3%) aged 15 to 29, 606 (41.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 156 (10.7%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 41.6% European/Pākehā, 73.8% Māori, 8.2% Pacific peoples, 4.5% Asian, and 1.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 9.4, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 43.0% had no religion, 37.1% were Christian, 9.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.2% were Hindu, 0.2% were Muslim, 0.6% were Buddhist and 2.7% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 123 (11.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 231 (21.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $22,800, compared with $31,800 nationally. 69 people (6.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 465 (43.9%) people were employed full-time, 156 (14.7%) were part-time, and 102 (9.6%) were unemployed. [11]
The town is known as "Train Town", because the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway runs down the middle of its main street on the former Opua Branch railway line. 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) of the 17 kilometres (11 mi) track reopened in 2008. [12] At present trains cannot go over "Long Bridge" because rails have not been relaid since it was re-piled, and the track between this bridge at Taumarere and Opua is being used as part of the Twin Coast Cyclepath. When the rails have been relaid, the cyclepath will be moved next to the track.
The town is also famous for its Hundertwasser toilet block, designed by Austrian artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser, who was a resident of the town from 1975 until his death in 2000. [13]
The Kawiti glowworm caves at nearby Waiomio are also an attraction.
Kawakawa Primary School is a full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of 192 students. [14]
Bay of Islands College is a secondary (years 9–13) school with a roll of 484 students. [15] It takes students from around the Bay of Islands and middle Northland, with 85% of its students travelling daily by bus to attend. [16]
Te Mirumiru Early Childhood Education Centre, adjacent to the Kawakawa Office, includes bilingual units teaching in Māori language.
Both schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of February 2024. [17]
Karetu School is located nearby, in Karetu.
Ngāpuhi is a Māori iwi associated with the Northland regions of New Zealand centred in the Hokianga, the Bay of Islands, and Whangārei.
Kaikohe is the seat of the Far North District of New Zealand, situated on State Highway 12 about 260 km from Auckland. It is the largest inland town and highest community above sea level in the Northland Region. With a population of over 4000 people it is a shopping and service centre for an extensive farming district and is sometimes referred to as "the hub of the north".
Murupara is a town in the Whakatāne District and Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island. The town is in an isolated part of the region between the Kaingaroa Forest and Te Urewera protected area, on the banks of the Rangitaiki River, 65 kilometres southeast of Rotorua. Indigenous Māori also make up over 90% of the population.
The Far North District is the northernmost territorial authority district of New Zealand, consisting of the northern part of the Northland Peninsula in the North Island. It stretches from North Cape / Otou and Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua in the north, down to the Bay of Islands, the Hokianga and the town of Kaikohe.
Paihia is the main tourist town in the Bay of Islands in the Northland Region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is 60 kilometres north of Whangārei, located close to the historic towns of Russell and Kerikeri. Missionary Henry Williams named the mission station Marsden's Vale. Paihia eventually became the accepted name of the settlement.
Moerewa is a small town in the Northland Region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located close to the Bay of Islands five kilometres to the west of Kawakawa.
The Opua Branch or Otiria-Opua Industrial Line, partially still operational as the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway, is a former section of the North Auckland Line in the Northland Region of New Zealand, between Otiria and the Bay of Islands township of Opua. The first section was constructed as a bush tramway in 1868 and converted to a railway in the next decade. Today the railway is partially used by the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway, which runs tourist services between Kawakawa and Lone Cow. The line's centrepiece is the section where it runs down along the main street of Kawakawa.
Ōhaeawai is a small village at the junction of State Highway 1 and State Highway 12 in the Far North District of New Zealand, some 250 km (160 mi) from Auckland. The town of Kaikohe is 10.4 km (6.5 mi) to the west, and the Bay of Islands is a short drive to the east.
Opua is a locality in the Bay of Islands, in the sub-tropical Northland Region of New Zealand. It is notable as the first port for overseas yachts arriving in the country after crossing the Pacific Ocean. In the original 1870s plans for the town, it was named Newport. The town of Paihia is nearby, and the small settlement of Te Haumi is in between.
Kaeo is a township in the Far North District of New Zealand, located some 22 km (14 mi) northwest of Kerikeri. The town's name comes from the Māori-language name of the New Zealand freshwater mussel, which is found in nearby rivers.
Te Araroa is a town in the Gisborne Region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is situated 175 km north of Gisborne city, along State Highway 35 between Tokata and Awatere. Te Araroa is the birthplace of noted Māori politician Sir Āpirana Ngata. Māori in the area are generally associated with the Ngāti Porou iwi. It is 100 metres from its local beach.
Horeke is a settlement in the upper reaches of the Hokianga Harbour in Northland, New Zealand. Kohukohu is just across the harbour. The Horeke basalts are located near the town, and can be viewed on an easy stroll through the Wairere Boulders, a commercial park.
Wharekahika or Hicks Bay is a bay and coastal area in the Gisborne District of the North Island of New Zealand. It is situated 150 km east of Ōpōtiki and 186 km north of Gisborne city, along State Highway 35 between Potaka and Te Araroa.
Karetu is a community in the Northland Region of the North Island of New Zealand. Kawakawa is to the west, and Waikare is northeast. The Karetu River flows from the Russell Forest in the southeast through Karetu, and joins the Kawakawa River shortly before it flows into the Bay of Islands.
Taumarere is a locality in the Bay of Islands in Northland, New Zealand. The Kawakawa River and State Highway 11 run through Taumarere. The town of Kawakawa is 3 km to the southwest. Opua is 7 km to the north and Paihia 14 km.
The Bay of Islands Vintage Railway Trust (BOIVRT) is a heritage railway in Kawakawa, in Northland, New Zealand. The railway operates on part of the former Opua Branch railway.
The Kawakawa River is in the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows predominantly eastward to Opua, where it joins the Waikare Inlet to flow into the Veronica Channel at the southern end of the Bay of Islands.
Ngāti Hine is an iwi with a rohe in Northland, New Zealand. It is part of the wider Ngāpuhi iwi.
Rotoiti is a settlement on the shore of Lake Rotoiti, in Rotorua Lakes within the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island.
Noma Jeanne Shepherd was a New Zealand community leader. Based in Kawakawa in the Bay of Islands area, Shepherd's contributions to the community over many years included supporting the creation of the Hundertwasser Toilets and being instrumental in the establishment of Te Hononga Hundertwasser Memorial Park, which opened in 2020.