Shimla district

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Shimla district
Cityscape of Shimla.jpg
The Viceregal Lodge, Simla.JPG
Sarahan-Bhimakali-08-gje.jpg
Tanni Jubbar Lake.jpg
Chandranahan Sangla Pass Kinnaur-Shimla-11.jpg
Clockwise from top-left: Shimla City, Rashtrapati Niwas, Tani Jubbar Lake near Narkanda, Chandranahan Sangla Pass, Bhimakali Temple at Sarahan
Nickname: 
The Queen of Hills
Shimla district
Shimla district
Location in Himachal Pradesh
CountryFlag of India.svg India
State Flag placeholder.svg Himachal Pradesh
Headquarters Shimla
Government
   Deputy Commissioner Anupam Kashyap, IAS
   Superintendent of Police Sanjay Gandhi, IPS
   Lok Sabha Constituencies Shimla
  Vidhan. Sabha Constituencies
Area
  Total
5,131 km2 (1,981 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
  Total
814,010
  Rank3rd
  Density160/km2 (410/sq mi)
Languages
  Official Hindi
Demographics
  Sex ratio916
  Literacy84.55
  Literacy: male90.73
  Literacy: female77.80
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
Area code 91 177 xxxxxxx
ISO 3166 code IN-HP
Largest cityShimla
Climate ETh (Köppen)
Precipitation 1,520 millimetres (60 in)
Avg. annual temperature17 °C (63 °F)
Avg. summer temperature22 °C (72 °F)
Avg. winter temperature4 °C (39 °F)
Website hpshimla.nic.in/welcome.asp

Shimla district, known as Simla district until 1972, is one of the twelve districts of the state of Himachal Pradesh in northern India. Its headquarters is the state capital of Shimla. Neighbouring districts are Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, Uttarakhand in the southeast, Solan to the southwest and Sirmaur in the south. The elevation of the district ranges from 987 metres (3,238 ft) to 4,500 metres (14,764 ft).

Contents

As of 2011, it is the third most populated district of Himachal Pradesh (out of 12), after Kangra and Mandi. [1] It is the most urbanized district of Himachal Pradesh.

Administrative structure

Sl. No.ParticularsDescription
1Geographical Area5,131 km2
2Area (out of total area) of H.P.9.22%
3Sub-Divisions [2] Total = 11
4Tehsils [3] Total = 17
5Sub-Tehsils [4] Total = 9
6Towns(10) Shimla, Rampur, Kumarsain, Narkanda, Theog, Seoni, Chaupal, Kotkhai, Jubbal, Rohru
7C.D. Blocks [5] (12) Mashobra, Theog, Chaupal, Rampur, Narkanda, Jubbal, Kotkhai, Rohru, Chohara, Basantpur, Nankhari, Totu, Kupvi
8Legislative Assembly(8)
9Villages2,914
10Inhabited2,520
11Uninhabited394
12Density159 person per km2
13Panchayts363

History

Shimla district was obtained by the British in 1815. [6]

Access

Kalka-Shimla train Train shimla.jpg
Kalka-Shimla train
Jubbarhatti Airport Shimla airport JubbarHatti.JPG
Jubbarhatti Airport

By road

Shimla is connected by road to all the major towns. Distance between the major towns and Shimla:

Climate

Climate data for Shimla (1951–1980)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)21.4
(70.5)
22.6
(72.7)
25.8
(78.4)
29.6
(85.3)
32.4
(90.3)
31.5
(88.7)
28.9
(84.0)
27.8
(82.0)
28.6
(83.5)
25.6
(78.1)
23.5
(74.3)
20.5
(68.9)
32.4
(90.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)8.9
(48.0)
10.6
(51.1)
14.8
(58.6)
19.4
(66.9)
22.9
(73.2)
24.1
(75.4)
21.0
(69.8)
20.2
(68.4)
20.1
(68.2)
23.7
(74.7)
15.1
(59.2)
12.0
(53.6)
17.3
(63.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)1.7
(35.1)
3.0
(37.4)
6.8
(44.2)
11.1
(52.0)
14.2
(57.6)
15.6
(60.1)
15.0
(59.0)
14.8
(58.6)
13.4
(56.1)
10.7
(51.3)
7.0
(44.6)
4.3
(39.7)
9.8
(49.6)
Record low °C (°F)−10.6
(12.9)
−8.5
(16.7)
−6.1
(21.0)
−1.3
(29.7)
1.4
(34.5)
7.8
(46.0)
9.4
(48.9)
10.6
(51.1)
5.0
(41.0)
0.2
(32.4)
−1.1
(30.0)
−12.2
(10.0)
−12.2
(10.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)54.6
(2.15)
47.2
(1.86)
59.4
(2.34)
41.1
(1.62)
56.4
(2.22)
175.6
(6.91)
376.5
(14.82)
335.1
(13.19)
190.2
(7.49)
46.2
(1.82)
13.8
(0.54)
16.0
(0.63)
1,424.8
(56.09)
Average rainy days4.74.15.23.64.610.318.318.19.92.91.31.884.8
Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010) [7] [8]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901230,144    
1911223,701−0.28%
1921228,138+0.20%
1931238,280+0.44%
1941259,656+0.86%
1951286,111+0.97%
1961341,461+1.78%
1971419,844+2.09%
1981510,932+1.98%
1991617,404+1.91%
2001722,502+1.58%
2011814,010+1.20%
source: [9]

According to the 2011 census, the district had a population of 814,010. This gives it a ranking of 483rd in India (out of a total of 640). [1] The district has a population density of 159 inhabitants per square kilometre (410/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.67%. Shimla has a sex ratio of 915 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 83.64%. 24.74% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 26.51% and 1.08% of the population respectively. [1]

Religion

Religions in Shimla district (2011) [10]
ReligionPercent
Hinduism
97.23%
Islam
1.45%
Sikhism
0.50%
Buddhism
0.40%
Other or not stated
0.42%
Religion in Shimla District
Religion2011 [10]
Pop. %
Hinduism Om.svg 791,449
Islam Star and Crescent.svg 11,810
Sikhism Khanda.svg 4,047
Buddhism Dharma Wheel (2).svg 3,262
Christianity Christian cross.svg 2,025
Jainism Jain Prateek Chihna.svg 185
Others1,232
Total population814,010
Religious groups in Shimla District (British Punjab province era)
Religious
group
1881 [11] [12] [13] 1891 [14] 1901 [15] 1911 [16] [17] 1921 [18] 1931 [19] 1941 [20]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Hinduism Om.svg [a] 32,42833,83930,29929,04733,22828,66129,466
Islam Star and Crescent.svg 6,9357,1526,6755,8206,9535,8107,022
Christianity Christian cross.svg 3,3533,0782,7983,6663,8231,540934
Sikhism Khanda.svg 2025175446931,1737601,032
Jainism Jain Prateek Chihna.svg 23423249901114
Buddhism Dharma Wheel (2).svg 4002620145
Zoroastrianism Faravahar.svg 0113163603
Judaism Star of David.svg 003100
Others0300300
Total population42,94544,64240,35139,32045,32736,78638,576
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Shimla District (1921) [18]
Tehsil Hinduism Om.svg Islam Star and Crescent.svg Sikhism Khanda.svg Christianity Christian cross.svg Jainism Jain Prateek Chihna.svg Others [b] Total
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Shimla Tehsil23,2376,7271,1713,726855735,003
Kot Khai Tehsil9,99122621005010,324
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Shimla District (1941) [20]
Tehsil Hinduism Om.svg [a] Islam Star and Crescent.svg Sikhism Khanda.svg Christianity Christian cross.svg Jainism Jain Prateek Chihna.svg Others [c] Total
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Shimla Tehsil17,9506,8251,02443911443426,786
Kot Khai Tehsil11,5161978690011,790
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.
Religious groups in Simla Hill States (British Punjab province era)
Religious
group
1901 [15] 1911 [16] [17] 1921 [18] 1931 [19] 1941 [20]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Hinduism Om.svg [a] 373,886386,953292,768317,390345,716
Islam Star and Crescent.svg 11,53511,3749,55110,01710,812
Buddhism Dharma Wheel (2).svg 2,2232,7092,0521,30810
Sikhism Khanda.svg 1,3182,9112,0401,8172,693
Jainism Jain Prateek Chihna.svg 274172142141126
Christianity Christian cross.svg 113224164176161
Zoroastrianism Faravahar.svg 00012
Judaism Star of David.svg 00000
Others00100
Total population389,349404,343306,718330,850359,520
Note1: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Note2: 1901-1911 census: Including Jubbal, Bashahr, Keonthal, Baghal, Bilaspur, Nalagarh, and other minor hill states.

Note3: 1921-1931 census: Including Bashahr, Nalagarh, Keonthal, Baghal, Jubbal, and other minor hill states.

Note3: 1941 census: Including Bashahr, Nalagarh, Keonthal, Baghal, Jubbal, Baghat, Kumarsain, Bhajji, Mahlog, Balsan, Dhami, Kuthar, Kunihar, Mangal, Bija, Darkoti, Tharoch, and Sangri states.

Language

Languages of Shimla district (2011) [21]
  1. Pahari (67.61%)
  2. Hindi (20.31%)
  3. Nepali (4.63%)
  4. Punjabi (1.39%)
  5. Kangri (1.05%)
  6. Others (5.01%)

Notable people

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
  2. Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
  3. Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated

References

  1. 1 2 3 "District Census Handbook: Shimla" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  2. "Subdivisions & Blocks | Shimla District, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India" . Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  3. "Tehsils | Shimla District, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India" . Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  4. "Tehsils | Shimla District, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India" . Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  5. "Subdivisions & Blocks | Shimla District, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India" . Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  6. Banerjee, Abhijit; Iyer, Lakshmi (January 2003). "Appendix Table 1: Districts of British India, With Dates and Mode of Acquisition by the British". History, Institutions and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India (BREAD Working Paper No. 003) (PDF). Bureau for Research in Economic Analysis of Development. p. 39.
  7. "Shimla Climatological Table Period: 1951–1980". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  8. "Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  9. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  10. 1 2 "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Himachal Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  11. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I." 1881. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25057656 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  12. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25057657 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  13. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25057658 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  14. "The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory". 1891. p. 14. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25318669 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  15. 1 2 "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. p. 34. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25363739 . Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  16. 1 2 "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. p. 27. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25393788 . Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  17. 1 2 Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". p. 27. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  18. 1 2 3 "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. p. 29. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25430165 . Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  19. 1 2 "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. p. 277. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25793242 . Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  20. 1 2 3 India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". p. 42. JSTOR   saoa.crl.28215541 . Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  21. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Himachal Pradesh". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.