Timeline of Florence

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Florence , Tuscany, Italy.

The earliest timeline of Florence, the Annales florentini , was created in the 12th century.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 14th century

• 59 BCE – Roman colony founded (approximate date). ^[1]
• 1st century CE – Catholic Diocese of Florence established.
• 285 – Florence becomes seat of Tuscia region. ^[2]
• 405 – Siege of Florence (405). ^[2]
• 541 – Florence sacked by forces of Ostrogoth Totila. ^[1]
• 1078 – City walls built. ^[2]
• 1080 – Stone Ponte Vecchio (bridge) built. ^[3]
• 1107 – Monte Orlandi and Prato become part of Florence. ^[3]
• 1115–16 – Commune form of government adopted; ^[2] Republic of Florence established.
• 1128 – Florence Baptistery built.
• 1138 – "City divided into six wards." ^[3]
• 1182 – Arte di Calimala (cloth guild) first mentioned (approximate date).
• 1201 – Bankers' guild active (approximate date). ^[3]
• 1222 – Monte comune (pawnshop) opens. ^[3]
• 1230 – Eucharistic miracle of Florence  [ it ] allegedly occurs.
• 1237 – Ponte alle Grazie (bridge) built. ^[3]
• 1244 – Venerabile Arciconfraternita della Misericordia di Firenze founded.
• 1251 – First Capitano del popolo elected. ^[3]
• 1252
  • Mint established; ^[3] Florin (Italian coin) introduced.
  • Santa Trinita bridge built. ^[3]
• 1258 – Bargello built. ^[3]
• 1261 – Public prison established. ^[3]
• 1267 – Charles of Anjou in power. ^[2]
• 1269 – Flood. ^[3]
• 1282 – "Florence adopts a new system of government by members of a guild." ^{[4] [2]}
• 1284 – Tertio Cerchio (wall) built. ^[3]
• 1285 – Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova founded. ^[5]
• 1289
  • Slavery abolished. ^[3]
  • Fire. ^[3]
• 1299 – Palazzo Vecchio construction begins.

14th–16th centuries

• 1312 – Siege of Florence (1312)
• 1321 – University of Florence founded.
• 1333 – November: Flood.^(it)
• 1345 – Ponte Vecchio rebuilt.
• 1348 – Black Death plague. ^[3]
• 1353 – Public clock installed in Palazzo Vecchio tower. ^[6]
• 1355 – Chiesa di Santa Maria del Fiore a Lapo  [ it ] (church) built.
• 1360 – Cathedral Campanile built. ^[7]
• 1375 – War of the Eight Saints
• 1377 – Medici in power. ^[4]
• 1382 – Loggia dei Lanzi built.
• 1385 – Basilica of Santa Croce built.
• 1397 – Medici Bank established. ^[8]
• 1415 – Bruni's History of Florence issued. ^[4]
• 1427 – Catasto tax begins. ^[3]
• 1432 – Ufficiali di Notte tribunal begins. ^[8]
• 1434 – 6 October: Cosimo de' Medici in power. ^[5]
• 1436 – Duomo consecrated. ^[3]
• 1469 – Lorenzo de' Medici assumes power
• 1471 – Printing press in operation. ^{[3] [9]}
• 1478 – Pazzi conspiracy foiled. ^[4]
• 1487 – Medici giraffe arrives. ^[10]
• 1488 – Ancient Greek poet Homer first published in print.
• 1490 – Palazzo Cocchi-Serristori built.
• 1492 – Lorenzo the Magnificent dies and is succeeded by Piero the Unfortunate
• 1494
  • Charles VIII of France invades Italy
  • Piero II acquiesces to Charles VIII and is forced to flee Florence
  • Republic of Florence restored, ruled nominally by Girolamo Savonarola
  • 1494 – Salone dei Cinquecento built.
• 1497 – 7 February: Bonfire of the Vanities.
• 1498
  • Niccolò Machiavelli becomes secretary. ^[4]
  • 23 May: Savonarola executed. ^[2]
• 1504 – Michelangelo's David sculpture installed in the Piazza della Signoria. ^[11]
• 1509 – Militia established. ^[3]
• 1512
  • Florentine Republic dissolved after defeat by Papal forces under Medici control.
  • Piero Soderini and Niccolò Machiavelli exiled.
• 1513
  • Giulio de Medici becomes Archbishop of Florence.
  • Machiavelli publishes The Prince
• 1517 – Machiavelli publishes Discourses on Livy
• 1527 – 21 June: Machiavelli dies
• 1529 – 24 October: Siege of Florence (1529–30) begins.
• 1532 – Alessandro de Medici becomes duke of the Florentine Republic. ^[3]
• 1536 – Charles V visits city. ^[3]
• 1537 – Villani's Nuova Cronica published.
• 1545 – Orto Botanico di Firenze established.
• 1557 – September: Flood.^(it)
• 1559 – Palazzo Uguccioni built.
• 1562 – Accademia del Disegno established. ^[12]
• 1564 – Vasari Corridor built.
• 1565 – Fountain of Neptune inaugurated.
• 1569 – Ponte Santa Trinita (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1574 – Florentine Camerata active. ^[13]
• 1580 – Rules of Calcio Fiorentino sport published. ^[14]
• 1581 – Uffizi art museum built.
• 1582 – State Archives of Tuscany established. ^[5]
• 1592 – Theorbo musical instrument invented. ^[13]
• 1598 – Premiere of Peri's opera Dafne. ^[13]
• 1600
  • 5 October: Wedding of Maria de 'Medici and Henry IV of France  [ it ].
  • Biblioteca Riccardiana founded (approximate date). ^[5]
  • Premiere of Peri's opera Euridice. ^[15]

17th–19th centuries

• 1625 – Premiere of Francesca Caccini's opera La liberazione di Ruggiero . ^[16]
• 1656 – Teatro della Pergola built.
• 1700 – Fortepiano musical instrument prototyped. ^[13]
• 1739 – Academia Botanica established. ^[17]
• 1740 – Teatro di Santa Maria built.
• 1753 – Accademia dei Georgofili established. ^[17]
• 1775 – Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze established.
• 1784 – Galleria dell'Accademia established.
• 1799 – French occupation begins. ^[2]
• 1814
  • French occupation ends. ^[2]
  • Jewish ghetto abolished. ^[18]
• 1817 – Teatro Goldoni opens.
• 1828 – Teatro Alfieri opens.
• 1844 – 3 November: Florence flood of 1844  [ it ].
• 1847 – Premiere of Verdi's opera Macbeth. ^[15]
• 1848
  • Prato-Florence railway begins operating.
  • Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station opens.
• 1852 – State Archives of Florence established.
• 1859 – La Nazione newspaper begins publication. ^[19]
• 1861
  • National Library active.
  • Population: 150,864.
• 1862 – Politeama Fiorentino Vittorio Emanuele amphitheatre opens.
• 1864 – Florence becomes part of Italy. ^[1]
• 1865 – Italian capital relocated to Florence from Turin. ^[20]
• 1867 – Società Geografica Italiana headquartered in Florence.
• 1871
  • Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali built.
  • Population: 167,093. ^[21]
• 1879 – Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
• 1882 – Great Synagogue of Florence built.
• 1891 – Cathedral Museum opens. ^[5]
• 1896 – Firenze Campo di Marte railway station opens.
• 1897
  • Leo S. Olschki Editore in business.
  • Population: 209,540. ^[22]

20th century

• 1901 – Population: 236,635.
• 1904 – Giardino Tropicale established. ^[23]
• 1908 – La Voce magazine begins publication.
• 1922 – Cinema Teatro Savoia opens. ^[24]
• 1925 – Non Mollare  [ it ] newspaper begins publication. ^[20]
• 1926 – Chiesa di Santa Maria a Ricorboli  [ it ] (church) built.
• 1931 – Population: 304,160.
• 1933 – Maggio Musicale Fiorentino begins.
• 1934 – Bologna–Florence railway begins operating. ^[2]
• 1936 – Cinema Vittoria built. ^[24]
• 1943
  • German occupation begins.
  • 25 September: Aerial bombing by Allied forces.
• 1944
  • 3 August: Bridges bombed by German forces. ^[2]
  • 11 August: German occupation ends. ^[2]
• 1948 – Ponte alla Carraia (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1954 – 27 October: 1954 UFO sighting in Florence  [ it ]
• 1957 – Ponte Amerigo Vespucci (bridge) built.
• 1959 – Giardino dell'Iris (garden) established. ^[23]
• 1961 – Population: 436,516.
• 1966 – 4 November: 1966 Flood of the Arno River. ^[2]
• 1968 – Ospedale Piero Palagi  [ it ] (hospital) built.
• 1977 – Florence–Rome high-speed railway begins operating.
• 1978 – Indiano Bridge built.
• 1982 – Historic Centre of Florence designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 1986 – Gran Caffè Doney closes.
• 1991 – Population: 403,294.
• 1993 – 27 May: Via dei Georgofili bombing. ^[2]
• 1995 – European Rapid Operational Force headquartered in Florence.
• 1997 – City website online (approximate date). ^[25]

21st century

• 2001 – Population: 356,118.
• 2002 – November: European Social Forum held in city.
• 2009
  • Bologna–Florence high-speed railway begins operating.
  • Matteo Renzi becomes mayor.
• 2011 – 13 December: 2011 Florence shootings.
• 2013 – Population: 366,039 city; 987,354 province. ^[26]
• 2014 – Dario Nardella becomes mayor.
• 2015 – City becomes capital of the newly created Metropolitan City of Florence.

See also

• History of Florence
• List of mayors of Florence
• State Archives of Florence (state archives)

Other cities in the macroregion of Central Italy:^(it)

• Timeline of Ancona, Marche region
• Timeline of Arezzo, Tuscany region
• Timeline of Grosseto, Tuscany
• Timeline of Livorno, Tuscany
• Timeline of Lucca, Tuscany
• Timeline of Perugia, Umbria region
• Timeline of Pisa, Tuscany
• Timeline of Pistoia, Tuscany
• Timeline of Prato, Tuscany
• Timeline of Rome, Lazio region
• Timeline of Siena, Tuscany

References

1. Townsend 1867.
2. "Timeline of the history of Florence". Provincia di Firenze. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
3. Staley 1906.
4. Charles E. Little (1900), "Italy", Cyclopedia of Classified Dates, New York: Funk & Wagnalls
5. Baedeker 1913.
6. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). "The First Public Clocks". History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN   978-0-226-15510-4.
7. "Italian Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 30 January 2015.
8. Michael Wyatt, ed. (2014). "Timeline". Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance. Cambridge University Press. p. xxi+. ISBN   978-1-139-99167-4.
9. Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Italy: Firenze". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631 – via HathiTrust.
10. Luca Landucci, A Florentine Diary tr. Alice de Rosen Jervis (New York, 1969) p. 44
11. Gardner 1920.
12. "Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance: Timeline". Empires. US: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
13. Joseph P. Swain (2013). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Baroque Music. US: Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-7825-9.
14. Tom Dunmore (2011). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-7188-5.
15. "Timeline of opera", Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved 30 June 2015
16. Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt (ed.). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-79273-8.
17. James E. McClellan (1985). "Official Scientific Societies: 1600–1793". Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. Columbia University Press. ISBN   978-0-231-05996-1.
18. Jewish Encyclopedia 1906.
19. "Italy". Western Europe. Regional Surveys of the World (5th ed.). Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN   978-1-85743-152-0.
20. Mark Gilbert; Robert K. Nilsson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy. Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6428-3.
21. "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1873. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590360.
22. "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550 – via HathiTrust.
23. "Garden Search: Italy". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International . Retrieved 30 June 2015.
24. "Movie Theaters in Florence". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
25. "Città di Firenze Rete Civica" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1997-01-21 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
26. "Resident Population". Demo-Geodemo. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica . Retrieved 30 January 2015.

This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Further information (in Italian): Bibliography of the history of Florence  ^{[ it ]}

• Giuseppe Maria Mecatti (1755). Storia chronologica della città di Firenze [Chronological history of the city of Florence] (in Italian). Napoli: Stamperia Simoniana. (1977 reprint)
• J. Willoughby Rosse (1858). "Florence". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn. hdl:2027/uva.x030807786 – via Hathi Trust.
• George Henry Townsend (1867), "Florence", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Florence". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
• William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Florentia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cuq.
• Ismar Elbogen (1906), "Florence", Jewish Encyclopedia
• Edgcumbe Staley (1906). "Chronology". Guilds of Florence. London: Methuen & Co. hdl:2027/uc1.$b94514.
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Florence", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
• "Florence", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7rn3cv1g
• Edmund G. Gardner (1920). Story of Florence. London: J. M. Dent & Co.
• Millard Meiss (1951). "Chronological Table". Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death: the Arts, Religion, and Society in the Mid-fourteenth Century . Princeton University Press. ISBN   0-691-00312-2.
• Athanasios Moulakis (1998). "Chronology of Florentine Institutional Development". Republican Realism in Renaissance Florence. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN   978-0-8476-8994-1.
• Michael Levey (1996). "Selective Chronology". Florence: A Portrait. Harvard University Press. ISBN   978-0-674-30658-5.
• Ted Jones (2013). "Chronology of Events". Florence And Tuscany: a Literary Guide for Travellers. I.B.Tauris. ISBN   978-1-84885-836-7.

External links

• Università degli Studi di Firenze. "Storia di Firenze" (in Italian). (Includes chronologies)

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