Timeline of Florence

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Florence , Tuscany, Italy.

The earliest timeline of Florence, the Annales florentini , was created in the 12th century.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

Prior to 14th century

• 59 BCE – Roman colony founded (approximate date). ^[1]
• 1st century CE – Catholic Diocese of Florence established.
• 285 – Florence becomes seat of Tuscia region. ^[2]
• 405 – Siege of Florence (405). ^[2]
• 541 – Florence sacked by forces of Ostrogoth Totila. ^[1]
• 1078 – City walls built. ^[2]
• 1080 – Stone Ponte Vecchio (bridge) built. ^[3]
• 1107 – Monte Orlandi and Prato become part of Florence. ^[3]
• 1115–16 – Commune form of government adopted; ^[2] Republic of Florence established.
• 1128 – Florence Baptistery built.
• 1138 – "City divided into six wards." ^[3]
• 1182 – Arte di Calimala (cloth guild) first mentioned (approximate date).
• 1201 – Bankers' guild active (approximate date). ^[3]
• 1222 – Monte comune (pawnshop) opens. ^[3]
• 1230 – Eucharistic miracle of Florence  [ it ] allegedly occurs.
• 1237 – Ponte alle Grazie (bridge) built. ^[3]
• 1244 – Venerabile Arciconfraternita della Misericordia di Firenze founded.
• 1251 – First Capitano del popolo elected. ^[3]
• 1252
  • Mint established; ^[3] Florin (Italian coin) introduced.
  • Santa Trinita bridge built. ^[3]
• 1258 – Bargello built. ^[3]
• 1261 – Public prison established. ^[3]
• 1267 – Charles of Anjou in power. ^[2]
• 1269 – Flood. ^[3]
• 1282 – "Florence adopts a new system of government by members of a guild." ^{[4] [2]}
• 1284 – Tertio Cerchio (wall) built. ^[3]
• 1285 – Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova founded. ^[5]
• 1289
  • Slavery abolished. ^[3]
  • Fire. ^[3]
• 1299 – Palazzo Vecchio construction begins.

14th–16th centuries

• 1312 – Siege of Florence (1312)
• 1321 – University of Florence founded.
• 1333 – November: Flood.^(it)
• 1345 – Ponte Vecchio rebuilt.
• 1348 – Black Death plague. ^[3]
• 1350 - October: Petrarch visits Florence and stays at Boccaccio's home. ^[6]
• 1353 – Public clock installed in Palazzo Vecchio tower. ^[7]
• 1355 – Chiesa di Santa Maria del Fiore a Lapo  [ it ] (church) built.
• 1360 – Cathedral Campanile built. ^[8]
• 1361 - After the failed coup, Boccaccio left Florence to reside in Certaldo. ^[9]
• 1361-1362 - Boccaccio composed De Mulieribus Claris (On Famous Women). ^[10]
• 1370 - Boccaccio completed his last autograph manuscript of The Decameron (Ms Berliner Hamilton 90). ^[11]
• 1375 – War of the Eight Saints
• 1377 – Medici in power. ^[4]
• 1378-1382 – Ciompi Revolt. ^[12]
• 1382 – Loggia dei Lanzi built.
• 1385 – Basilica of Santa Croce built.
• 1390-1402 – Florentine–Milanese Wars. ^[13]
• 1397 – Ancient Greek teaching begins at the University of Florence. ^[14]
• 1397 – Medici Bank established. ^[15]
• 1401 – Ghiberti wins the competition to create the Florence Baptistry doors. ^[16] .
• 1403 - 1424 Lorenzo Ghiberti sculpted 28 reliefs for the North Doors of the Florence Baptistery ^[17]
• 1415 – Bruni's History of Florence issued. ^[4]
• 1415 – Cosimo de' Medici weds Contessina de' Bardi. ^[18]
• 1419 – Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici commissions Filippo Brunelleschi to rebuild the Basilica of San Lorenzo. ^[19]
• 1426 - 1428 Masaccio painted the Holy Trinity ^[20]
• 1427 – Catasto tax begins. ^[3]
• 1432 – Ufficiali di Notte tribunal begins. ^[15]
• 1434 – 23 June: Pope Eugene IV arrives in Florence, having fled Rome. ^[21]
• 1434 – 6 October: Cosimo de' Medici in power. ^[5]
• 1435 - The publication of Leon Battista Alberti’s treatise De Pictura. ^[22]
• 1435 - 1440 (1440s) Donatello sculpted David (bronze) for the Medici family ^[23]
• 1436- Filippo Brunelleschi Completion of Brunelleschi’s Dome on Santa Maria del Fiore. ^[24]
• 1436 – Duomo consecrated. ^[3]
• 1440 – June 29: Florence wins the Battle of Anghiari. ^[25]
• 1444 – Construction of the Palazzo Medici Riccardi starts. ^[26]
• 1445 – Ospedale degli Innocenti formally opens. ^[27]
• 1455 - The incomplete written manuscript of Lorenzo Ghiberti’s I Commentarii (Commentaries), which includes the first written biography of an artist from the Italian Renaissance ^[28]
• 1464 – 1 August: Cosimo de' Medici dies. ^[29]
• 1465 – March 16: Cosimo de' Medici is named Pater Patriae. ^[30]
• 1469 – Lorenzo de' Medici assumes power
• 1471 – Printing press in operation. ^{[3] [31]}
• 1472 – Leonardo da Vinci becomes a Master Painter in Florence. ^[32]
• 1476 – First performance of Terence's Andria (comedy) in Florence. ^[33]
• 1478 – April 26: Pazzi conspiracy against the Medici. ^[34]
  • 1478 – 1 June: Pope Sixtus IV issues papal bull excommunicating Lorenzo de' Medici and Florence. ^[35]
• 1478–1483 – Lucrezia Tornabuoni commissions the epic poem Morgante from Luigi Pulci. ^[36]
• 1484 – January: Marsilio Ficino publishes Plato's works translated into Latin. ^[37]
• 1484 - 1486 (1480s) Sandro Botticelli painted The Birth of Venus ^[38]
• 1485 - The publication of the first printed book on architectural theory: Leon Battista Alberti’s treatise De re aedificatoria (On the Art of Building) ^[39]
• 1487 – Medici giraffe arrives. ^[40]
• 1488 – Ancient Greek poet Homer first published in print.
• 1490 – Palazzo Cocchi-Serristori built.
• 1492
  • Lorenzo the Magnificent dies and is succeeded by Piero the Unfortunate.
  • Michelangelo creates the Battle of the Centaurs relief. ^[41]
• 1494
  • Charles VIII of France invades Italy
  • Piero II acquiesces to Charles VIII and is forced to flee Florence
  • Republic of Florence restored, ruled nominally by Girolamo Savonarola
  • 1494 – Salone dei Cinquecento built.
• 1497 – 7 February: Bonfire of the Vanities in Florence. ^[42]
• 1498
  • Niccolò Machiavelli becomes secretary. ^[4]
  • 23 May: Savonarola executed. ^[2]
• 1503 – Leonardo da Vinci begins painting a portrait of Mona Lisa Gherardini del Giocando. ^[43]
• 1504 – Michelangelo's David sculpture installed in the Piazza della Signoria. ^[44]
• 1509 – Militia established. ^[3]
• 1512
  • Florentine Republic dissolved after defeat by Papal forces under Medici control.
  • Piero Soderini and Niccolò Machiavelli exiled.
• 1513
  • Giulio de Medici becomes Archbishop of Florence.
  • Machiavelli publishes The Prince
• 1517 – Machiavelli publishes Discourses on Livy
• 1519 – June: the Sagrestia Nuova of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, planned. ^[45]
• 1527 – 21 June: Machiavelli dies
• 1529 – 24 October: Siege of Florence (1529–30) begins.
• 1532 – Alessandro de Medici becomes duke of the Florentine Republic. ^[3]
• 1536 – Charles V visits city. ^[3]
• 1537
  • Villani's Nuova Cronica published.
  • Cosimo I moves into the Palazzo della Signoria. ^[46]
  • Giorgio Vasari was commissioned by Cosimo I to expand and redesign the Palazzo della Signoria (Palazzo Vecchio) ^[47]
• March 29, 1539 – Cosimo I de' Medici marries Eleanor of Toledo. ^[48]
• 1545 – Orto Botanico di Firenze established.
• 1549 – Eleanor of Toledo purchases the Pitti Palace. ^[49]
• 1550 – the Medici ducal family moves into the Palazzo Pitti. ^[50]
• 1550 - The publication of Vasari’s Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects ^[51]
• 1557 – September: Flood.^(it)
• 1559 – Palazzo Uguccioni built.
• 1560-1581 - The building of Galleria degli Uffizi was initiated by Giorgio Vasari. ^[52]
• 1562 – Accademia del Disegno established. ^[53]
• 1564 – Vasari Corridor built.
• 1565 – Fountain of Neptune inaugurated.
• 1569 – Ponte Santa Trinita (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1569 – late August: Cosimo I de' Medici becomes the first Grand Duke of Tuscany. ^[54]
• 1570-1574 - Giorgio Vasari begins The Last Judgement frescoes in the dome of Florence Cathedral; completed by Federico Zuccari. ^[55]
• 1573 – 14 January: First meeting of the Florentine Camerata. ^[56]
• 1580 – Rules of Calcio Fiorentino sport published. ^[57]
• 1581 – Uffizi art museum built.
• 1582 – State Archives of Tuscany established. ^[5]
• 1592 – Theorbo musical instrument invented. ^[58]
• 1598 – Premiere of Peri's opera Dafne. ^[58]
• 1600
  • 5 October: Wedding of Maria de 'Medici and Henry IV of France  [ it ].
  • Biblioteca Riccardiana founded (approximate date). ^[5]
  • Premiere of Peri's opera Euridice. ^[59]

17th–19th centuries

• 1625 – Premiere of Francesca Caccini's opera La liberazione di Ruggiero . ^[60]
• 1656 – Teatro della Pergola built.
• 1700 – Fortepiano musical instrument prototyped. ^[58]
• 1739 – Academia Botanica established. ^[61]
• 1740 – Teatro di Santa Maria built.
• 1753 – Accademia dei Georgofili established. ^[61]
• 1775 – Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze established.
• 1784 – Galleria dell'Accademia established.
• 1799 – French occupation begins. ^[2]
• 1814
  • French occupation ends. ^[2]
  • Jewish ghetto abolished. ^[62]
• 1817 – Teatro Goldoni opens.
• 1828 – Teatro Alfieri opens.
• 1844 – 3 November: Florence flood of 1844  [ it ].
• 1847 – Premiere of Verdi's opera Macbeth. ^[59]
• 1848
  • Prato-Florence railway begins operating.
  • Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station opens.
• 1852 – State Archives of Florence established.
• 1859 – La Nazione newspaper begins publication. ^[63]
• 1861
  • National Library active.
  • Population: 150,864.
• 1862 – Politeama Fiorentino Vittorio Emanuele amphitheatre opens.
• 1864 – Florence becomes part of Italy. ^[1]
• 1865 – Italian capital relocated to Florence from Turin. ^[64]
• 1867 – Società Geografica Italiana headquartered in Florence.
• 1871
  • Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali built.
  • Population: 167,093. ^[65]
• 1879 – Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
• 1882 – Great Synagogue of Florence built.
• 1891 – Cathedral Museum opens. ^[5]
• 1896 – Firenze Campo di Marte railway station opens.
• 1897
  • Leo S. Olschki Editore in business.
  • Population: 209,540. ^[66]

20th century

• 1901 – Population: 236,635.
• 1904 – Giardino Tropicale established. ^[67]
• 1908 – La Voce magazine begins publication.
• 1922 – Cinema Teatro Savoia opens. ^[68]
• 1925 – Non Mollare  [ it ] newspaper begins publication. ^[64]
• 1926 – Chiesa di Santa Maria a Ricorboli  [ it ] (church) built.
• 1931 – Population: 304,160.
• 1933 – Maggio Musicale Fiorentino begins.
• 1934 – Bologna–Florence railway begins operating. ^[2]
• 1936 – Cinema Vittoria built. ^[68]
• 1943
  • German occupation begins.
  • 25 September: Aerial bombing by Allied forces.
• 1944
  • 3 August: Bridges bombed by German forces. ^[2]
  • 11 August: German occupation ends. ^[2]
• 1948 – Ponte alla Carraia (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1954 – 27 October: 1954 UFO sighting in Florence  [ it ]
• 1957 – Ponte Amerigo Vespucci (bridge) built.
• 1959 – Giardino dell'Iris (garden) established. ^[67]
• 1961 – Population: 436,516.
• 1966 – 4 November: 1966 Flood of the Arno River. ^[2]
• 1968 – Ospedale Piero Palagi  [ it ] (hospital) built.
• 1977 – Florence–Rome high-speed railway begins operating.
• 1978 – Indiano Bridge built.
• 1982 – Historic Centre of Florence designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 1986 – Gran Caffè Doney closes.
• 1991 – Population: 403,294.
• 1993 – 27 May: Via dei Georgofili bombing. ^[2]
• 1995 – European Rapid Operational Force headquartered in Florence.
• 1997 – City website online (approximate date). ^[69]

21st century

• 2001 – Population: 356,118.
• 2002 – November: European Social Forum held in city.
• 2009
  • Bologna–Florence high-speed railway begins operating.
  • Matteo Renzi becomes mayor.
• 2011 – 13 December: 2011 Florence shootings.
• 2013 – Population: 366,039 city; 987,354 province. ^[70]
• 2014 – Dario Nardella becomes mayor.
• 2015 – City becomes capital of the newly created Metropolitan City of Florence.

See also

• History of Florence
• List of mayors of Florence
• State Archives of Florence (state archives)

Other cities in the macroregion of Central Italy:^(it)

• Timeline of Ancona, Marche region
• Timeline of Arezzo, Tuscany region
• Timeline of Grosseto, Tuscany
• Timeline of Livorno, Tuscany
• Timeline of Lucca, Tuscany
• Timeline of Perugia, Umbria region
• Timeline of Pisa, Tuscany
• Timeline of Pistoia, Tuscany
• Timeline of Prato, Tuscany
• Timeline of Rome, Lazio region
• Timeline of Siena, Tuscany

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This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Further information (in Italian): Bibliography of the history of Florence  ^{[ it ]}

• Giuseppe Maria Mecatti (1755). Storia chronologica della città di Firenze [Chronological history of the city of Florence] (in Italian). Napoli: Stamperia Simoniana. (1977 reprint)
• J. Willoughby Rosse (1858). "Florence". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn. hdl:2027/uva.x030807786 – via Hathi Trust.
• George Henry Townsend (1867), "Florence", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Florence". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
• William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Florentia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cuq.
• Ismar Elbogen (1906), "Florence", Jewish Encyclopedia
• Edgcumbe Staley (1906). "Chronology". Guilds of Florence. London: Methuen & Co. hdl:2027/uc1.$b94514.
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Florence", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
• "Florence", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7rn3cv1g
• Edmund G. Gardner (1920). Story of Florence. Mediaeval towns. London: J. M. Dent & Co.
• Millard Meiss (1951). "Chronological Table". Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death: the Arts, Religion, and Society in the Mid-fourteenth Century . Princeton University Press. ISBN   0-691-00312-2.
• Athanasios Moulakis (1998). "Chronology of Florentine Institutional Development". Republican Realism in Renaissance Florence. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN   978-0-8476-8994-1.
• Michael Levey (1996). "Selective Chronology". Florence: A Portrait. Harvard University Press. ISBN   978-0-674-30658-5.
• Ted Jones (2013). "Chronology of Events". Florence And Tuscany: a Literary Guide for Travellers. I.B.Tauris. ISBN   978-1-84885-836-7.

External links

• Università degli Studi di Firenze. "Storia di Firenze" (in Italian). (Includes chronologies)

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