Tonawanda (town), New York

Last updated

Tonawanda
Tahnawáteh (Tuscarora)
Town
Town of Tonawanda
Tonawanda Rails-to-Trails - 20200106 - 09.jpg
NFTA Metro Bus 20 @ Kenmore Mercy Hospital, Tonawanda, New York - 20210502.jpg
First Trinity Lutheran Church, Tonawanda, New York - 20210308.jpg
Nickname(s): 
Ken-Ton (with Kenmore)
Erie County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Tonawanda (town) highlighted.svg
Location in Erie County and the state of New York
Coordinates: 42°58′53″N78°51′19″W / 42.98139°N 78.85528°W / 42.98139; -78.85528
Country Flag of the United States.svg United States
State Flag of New York.svg New York
County Erie
Settlement1805
Named for Swift Waters in Eriechronon
Government
 • Type Town council
 •  Town supervisor Joseph H. Emminger (D)
 •  Town council
Members' List
 •  Town Clerk Marguerite Greco (D)
Area
 • Total20.3 sq mi (52.5 km2)
 • Land18.7 sq mi (48.5 km2)
 • Water1.5 sq mi (4.0 km2)
Elevation
617 ft (188 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total72,636 Decrease2.svg
 • Density3,927/sq mi (1,516.1/km2)
Time zone UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST) UTC-4 (EDT)
Area code 716
FIPS code 36-75000
GNIS feature ID0979551
Website www.tonawanda.ny.us

Tonawanda (formally the Town of Tonawanda) is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 72,636. [1] The town is at the north border of the county and is the northern inner ring suburb of Buffalo. It is sometimes referred to, along with its constituent village of Kenmore, as "Ken-Ton". The town was established in 1836, and up to 1903 it included what is now the city of Tonawanda.

Contents

History

The Town of Tonawanda is located at the former west-southwest shore of glacial Lake Tonawanda. The lake followed the southern side of the Niagara Escarpment and drained when Lake Erie's hydrological path started to go over Niagara Falls.

This area was under French control from the 17th century until it was ceded to the British after the French and Indian War.

The first European settlers arrived around 1805. Rapid growth began after the construction of the Erie Canal, completed in 1825. Tonawanda occupies the northwest corner of Erie County and is bounded on the north by the Erie Canal, which here follows Tonawanda Creek.

The town of Tonawanda was established in 1836, by separation from the town of Buffalo (now part of the city of Buffalo). At that time it included land that later became part of the town of Grand Island (established 1852) and the entire city of Tonawanda (established 1904).

In 1899, Kenmore incorporated as a village of the town, and remained the town's primary residential and commercial district until the rest of the town was heavily developed into suburban housing in the 1940s and 1950s.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 20.3 square miles (52.5 km2), of which 18.7 square miles (48.5 km2) is land and 1.5 square miles (4.0 km2), or 7.61%, is water. [2]

The northern border of the town is the city of Tonawanda and Tonawanda Creek, which is part of the Erie Canal, and the western border is the Niagara River. Ellicott Creek flows parallel to Tonawanda Creek in the northern part of the town, with a confluence just east of the Niagara River. The eastern border, marked by U.S. Route 62 (Niagara Falls Boulevard), is the town of Amherst. Forming the southern border is the village of Kenmore and the city of Buffalo.

Adjacent cities and towns

Major highways

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1840 1,261—
1850 2,07264.3%
1860 2,48920.1%
1870 3,03922.1%
1880 4,96963.5%
1890 521−89.5%
1900 1,205131.3%
1910 2,17580.5%
1920 5,505153.1%
1930 25,006354.2%
1940 32,15528.6%
1950 55,27071.9%
1960 105,03290.0%
1970 107,2822.1%
1980 91,269−14.9%
1990 82,464−9.6%
2000 78,155−5.2%
2010 73,567−5.9%
2020 72,636−1.3%
Historical Population Figures [3]

As of the census of 2010, there were 78,155 people, 33,278 households, and 21,164 families residing in the town. [4] The population density was 4,156.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,604.8/km2). There were 34,634 housing units at an average density of 1,841.8 per square mile (711.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 93.01% White, 1.41% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 1.30% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.70% of the population.

There were 32,951 households, out of which 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families.

Environmental issues

A house almost completely buried in snow in the blizzard of 1977 (January 30, 1977) 30 Jan 1977 Tonawanda, NY (Parker Blvd between Brompton Rd and Ellicott Creek Rd).jpg
A house almost completely buried in snow in the blizzard of 1977 (January 30, 1977)

In 2009, citizen environmental monitoring of air quality problems resulted in an investigation by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) into emissions from Tonawanda Coke Corporation (TCC), a producer of foundry coke located on River Road, Tonawanda. [5] [6] In 1998 TCC had been cited by the EPA for violations of oil spill prevention sections of the federal Clean Water Act following contamination of the nearby Niagara River. [7] The investigations into air quality revealed TCC was using an unreported pressure-relief system to vent coke oven gases containing benzene direct to the atmosphere, operating a coke-quenching tower without pollution-control baffles, and dumping hazardous waste in the form of coal tar sludge. [8]

In March 2013 TCC was convicted by a federal jury on 11 counts of violating the Clean Air Act (CAA) and three counts of violating the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). In March 2014 TCC was sentenced in federal court to pay a $12.5 million penalty and $12.2 million in community service payments for the violations. TCC's Environmental Control Manager, Mark L. Kamholz, was convicted of 11 counts of violating the CAA, one count of obstruction of justice and three counts of violating the RCRA, and was sentenced to one year in prison, 100 hours of community service, and a $20,000 fine. [8]

In July 2014 DuPont was fined $440,000 for violations of the CAA at its plant at Sheridan Drive and River Road. The EPA found that the plant had inadequate pollution-control equipment, failed to maintain a monitoring system for the equipment, violated several reporting requirements and underreported air pollution on its annual statements. Emissions from the plant included methyl methacrylate and vinyl fluoride. [9]

Culture

An F9F-6P Cougar sits in front of the Town of Tonawanda Veterans Memorial in Walter M. Kenney Field. Memorial Photo 1.jpg
An F9F-6P Cougar sits in front of the Town of Tonawanda Veterans Memorial in Walter M. Kenney Field.

Landmarks

One of the Town of Tonawanda's best known landmarks is the blue Korean War-era Grumman F9F-6P Cougar Naval airframe displayed in Walter M. Kenney Field at the northwest corner of Brighton Road and Colvin Boulevard. [10] The "blue jet", as it is often called, has been on loan to the town from the U.S. government since May 1959. [10] Immediately behind the F9F-6P airframe is the Town of Tonawanda Veterans Memorial, dedicated on August 18, 2009. Retired U.S. Army General and former U.S. Secretary of State Colin L. Powell delivered the keynote address during the memorial's dedication ceremony before a crowd of more than 1,500. [11] [12]

The Town of Tonawanda Historical Society operates a museum out of a former German Evangelical Church constructed in 1849. [13] This facility, located at 100 Knoche Road, is the oldest public building in the town. [13]

Notable people

Education

Tonawanda has two public high schools: Kenmore West Senior High School and Kenmore East High School.

The town is also home to St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute, Mount Saint Mary Academy, and Cardinal O'Hara High School.

Communities and locations in the Town of Tonawanda

See also

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References

  1. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census Quick Facts Tonawanda town, Erie County, New York https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/tonawandatowneriecountynewyork
  2. ↑ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Tonawanda town, Erie County, New York". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved March 2, 2016.[ dead link ]
  3. ↑ "Population". Town of Tonawanda. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  4. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau (December 2012). "New York: Summary Population and Housing Characteristics" (PDF). 2010 Census of Population and Housing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  5. ↑ Shogren, Elizabeth; Bartlett, Sandra; Lombardi, Kristin (November 10, 2011). "N.Y. Plant's Neighbors Expose Regulatory Gaps". NPR . Retrieved November 17, 2011.
  6. ↑ "Region 2 Compliance: Tonawanda Coke Corporation". United States Environmental Protection Agency . Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  7. ↑ Cervantes, Niki (January 28, 1999). "EPA fines Tonawanda Coke $40,000". The Buffalo News . Buffalo. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  8. 1 2 "Tonawanda Coke and Manager Sentenced for Violating the Clean Air Act and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act". United States Department of Justice . March 19, 2014. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  9. ↑ Popiolkowski, Joseph (July 23, 2014). "Plant Accounts for 24 Percent of Toxic Release". The Buffalo News . Buffalo. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  10. 1 2 Adamczyk, Ed (April 2, 2009). "Defending Ken-Ton for 50 years". Tonawanda News. Tonawanda. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  11. ↑ Kryszak, Joyce (August 19, 2009). "Powell Helps Dedicate Tonawanda Veterans Memorial". WBFO . Buffalo. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  12. ↑ Adamczyk, Ed (August 20, 2009). "Something incredible just happened". Tonawanda News. Tonawanda. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  13. 1 2 "Town of Tonawanda - Kenmore History". Town of Tonawanda. Archived from the original on June 3, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
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