Western College for Women

Last updated
Western College for Women
Clawson Hall.jpg
Clawson Hall on the Western Campus of Miami University.
TypeWomen's College
Active1855–1974
Location
Oxford
,
Ohio
,
United States

39°30′14″N84°43′40″W / 39.5038889°N 84.7277778°W / 39.5038889; -84.7277778
Western Female Seminary
USA Ohio location map.svg
Red pog.svg
LocationUS 27 and OH 73, Western College, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
Area107 acres (43 ha)
Built1861 (1861) to 1972 (1972)
Architectural styleRomanesque, Colonial Revival
NRHP reference No. 09000083 [1]
Added to NRHPSeptember 17, 1979

Western College for Women, known at other times as Western Female Seminary, The Western and simply Western College, was a women's and later coed liberal arts college in Oxford, Ohio, between 1855 and 1974. Initially a seminary, it was the host of orientation sessions for the Freedom Summer in 1964. It was absorbed by Miami University in 1974 after dwindling finances. Now known as the Western Campus of Miami University, it was designated a U.S. Historic district known as the Western Female Seminary Historic District in 1979.

Contents

History

Alumnae Hall was the central building on Western College's campus from 1892 until it was torn down in 1977. Western College Alumnae Hall from southwest n.d. (3191884733).jpg
Alumnae Hall was the central building on Western College's campus from 1892 until it was torn down in 1977.

Western College was founded in 1853 as Western Female Seminary. [2] [3] It was a daughter school of Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, and its first principal, Helen Peabody, was a Holyoke graduate. [4] The college changed its name three times, in 1894 to The Western: A College and Seminary for Women, in 1904 to Western College for Women, and in 1971 to The Western College when the institution became coeducational. [4]

Western remained an independent women's college until 1970 when it formed a "committee of cooperation" with the adjacent Miami University, which opened enrollment between the colleges on a limited basis. This allowed Western students to take classes at Miami and use Miami's computer and hospital facilities, for example, while allowing Miami students access to intramural fields, library space, and cross-country runways on Western grounds. Before the 1973–74 school years, both presidents signed an agreement for an affiliation between the two schools. In 1974, Western became part of Miami due to financial difficulties. [4]

On September 17, 1979, 15 buildings and 11 structures from the former Western College were designated the Western Female Seminary Historic District.

Civil Rights Movement

In June 1964, an orientation and training in nonviolence techniques was held on the campus of Western College for Women for volunteers heading south to Mississippi for Freedom Summer. While training at Western was still on-going, Mickey Schwerner, a veteran civil rights worker who had come to Oxford to help train the new recruits, received word that one of the churches that had agreed to host Freedom Summer activities had been attacked and burned. Schwerner and Andrew Goodman, a new volunteer, left Oxford immediately to head back to Mississippi. Schwerner's wife, Rita, remained behind at Western College to finish the training. Within days, Schwerner and Goodman, along with James Chaney, a native Mississippian and voting rights activist, were reported missing in Philadelphia, Mississippi. Their bodies were found months later, buried in an earthen dam. Public uproar over these murders helped pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act a few months later. A memorial tribute to the Freedom Summer activists was recently dedicated on the Western College campus. [5]

Western today

In 1974, the Western College for Women merged with Miami University and became the Western College Program (School of Interdisciplinary Studies). In 2007, the Western College Program was integrated into the College of Arts and Sciences and is now known as the Western Program for Individualized Studies at Miami University. [6]

Of the original Western College buildings, Boyd Hall, Clawson Hall, Hoyt Library, Kumler Chapel, McKee Hall, Thomson Hall, and Peabody Hall were retained as either academic building or dormitories. Since the merger, four new dormitories and a dining hall were also added to the Western Campus.

Notable alumnae

Lilian Wyckoff Johnson, the first woman to receive a doctorate from Cornell University, served as President of Western College 1904--1906. Portrait print of Lilian Wyckoff Johnson, Ph.D., n.d. (3200528780).jpg
Lilian Wyckoff Johnson, the first woman to receive a doctorate from Cornell University, served as President of Western College 19041906.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peabody Hall (Miami University)</span> United States historic place

Peabody Hall is a mixed-use academic and residential building located on the campus of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. The original building, known as Seminary Hall, was built in 1855, and was the central building of Western College for Women. That building burned down in 1860 and was rebuilt the following year, only to become damaged by an 1871 fire. Rebuilt again that same year, the building was renamed Peabody Hall, after Helen Peabody the first head of Western College, in 1905. Peabody Hall is one of two residential buildings on Miami's Western Campus still used for their original purposes. It is one of 15 contributing buildings to the Western Female Seminary National Historic District.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fisher Hall (Miami University)</span> Former building in Oxford, Ohio, United States

Fisher Hall was a building at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Originally the Oxford Female College, the building was later used as a sanitarium and was purchased by Miami in 1925. It served as a first-year men's residence hall, Naval training school, and theatre. The building remained in use as a dormitory until 1958, when the upper floors were condemned and the theatre remained the only part of the building still in use. With the construction of Miami's Center for Performing Arts in 1968, the theatre became unused and the building turned into a storage facility. After a push to save the building in the mid-1970s, the hall was razed because the cost of renovating the building was identical to the costs of new construction. Miami University's hotel, The Marcum, was built in 1982 on the former site of Fisher Hall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alumnae Hall (Western College for Women)</span>

Alumnae Hall was the second building to be built on The Western Female Seminary's campus, and was completed in 1892. The building was constructed from funds donated by Olivia Meily Brice, class of 1866, and other alumnae, trustees, and friends of the college. The architecture style of the building was Romanesque Revival. The building remained in use as a library until 1970 when Hoyt Hall opened. Between 1972-1974 it was used as a student center. It was torn down in 1977.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Lyon Residence Hall</span> Former student dormitory in Oxford, Ohio

Mary Lyon Residence Hall was a three-story student dormitory on Western Campus at Miami University, demolished in 2016. It was a co-ed dormitory and only the first and second floors were used for living space. The third floor was vacant and only the employees of the Physical Facility Department had keys to enter that story. The building was made of limestone. It housed 81 students; three of the 81 were residence hall agents and there was only one hall adviser.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hoyt Hall (Miami University)</span>

Hoyt Hall is located on the western campus of Miami University in Oxford, OH. Currently Hoyt houses the Career Planning and Placement Office and IT Services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kumler Chapel</span> Chapel in Oxford, United States

Kumler Chapel is a building of architectural interest located on the Western Campus for Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. It was built in 1917-18 for what was then the Western College for Women by the architect Thomas Hastings, in a "Transitional Gothic" style with both Gothic and Romanesque influences. It is now a venue for church services and weddings.

References

  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. November 2, 2013.
  2. "Western College for Women - Ohio History Central". www.ohiohistorycentral.org. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  3. "Western College". The Independent. Jul 6, 1914. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 "Western College Memorial Archives | Miami University Libraries Steward & Sustain Department". spec.lib.miamioh.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
  5. Michael D. Pitman, Staff Writer. "5 things to know about Miami University's unique role in the Civil Rights movement". journal-news. Retrieved 2020-03-13.
  6. "The Western Program at Miami University". Oxford, Ohio: Miami University. 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.