Xi'an Incident

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Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng, and Chiang Kai-shek two months before the incident Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng and Chiang Kai-shek.jpg
Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng, and Chiang Kai-shek two months before the incident

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References

Notes

  1. ↑ Also romanized as the Sian Incident
  2. ↑ Chinese :先安內，後讓外。; pinyin :Xiān ānnèi, hòu ràngwài.

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Mitter, Rana (2013). Forgotten Ally. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 70–71.
  2. ↑ Van de Ven, Hans (2004). War and Nationalism. Routledge. p. 171.
  3. ↑ Taylor 2009, p. 68. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFTaylor2009 (help)
  4. ↑ Taylor 2009 , p. 100 harvnb error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFTaylor2009 (help): "When the Japanese overran Jehol, Zhang Xueliang resigned all his posts and entered a missionary hospital in Shanghai where a 'cold turkey' treatment cured him of his opium addiction ... In April, the Young Marshal and a large entourage ... sailed for Europe."
  5. ↑ Coble 1991, p. 76.
  6. ↑ Ch'en 1991, p. 105.
  7. ↑ Taylor 2009, p. 116. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFTaylor2009 (help)
  8. ↑ Coble 1991, pp. 76–77.
  9. ↑ Garver 1988, p. 5.
  10. ↑ Coble 1991, p. 78.
  11. ↑ Hammond 2023, p. 32.
  12. 1 2 Coble 1991, pp. 224–225.
  13. ↑ Coble 1991, pp. 150–151.
  14. 1 2 Frank, Richard (2020). Tower of Skulls: A History of the Asia-Pacific War: July 1937-May 1942. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 23.
  15. ↑ Taylor, Jay (2009). The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China. Belknap Press. p. 100.
  16. ↑ Ch'en 1991, p. 111.
  17. ↑ Ch'en 1991, p. 109.
  18. ↑ Worthing 2017, p. 168.
  19. ↑ Taylor 2009, p. 119. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFTaylor2009 (help)
  20. 1 2 Taylor 2009, p. 127. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFTaylor2009 (help)
  21. ↑ Huang 1997, p. 4.
  22. ↑ Bernstein 2014, p. 29.
  23. 1 2 Barnouin & Yu 2006, p. 67.
  24. ↑ Worthing 2016, p. 168.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Frank, Richard (2020). Tower of Skulls: A History of the Asia-Pacific War: July 1937-May 1942. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 21–22.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 Mitter, Rana (2013). Forgotten Ally. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 71–72.
  27. ↑ Taylor 2009, p. 128. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFTaylor2009 (help)
  28. ↑ Bertram, James M (1938). First Act in China: The Story of the Sian Mutiny. New York. pp. 118–122.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  29. ↑ Worthing 2017, p. 169.
  30. ↑ Itoh 2016, pp. 176–178.
  31. ↑ Eastman 1991, p. 48.
  32. ↑ Kotkin, Stephen (2017). Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929-1941. Penguin Press. pp. 365–367.
  33. ↑ Mitter, Rana (2013). Forgotten Ally. p. 73.
  34. 1 2 Itoh 2016, pp. 176–180.
  35. ↑ Spence, Jonathan. The Search for Modern China. p. 386.
  36. ↑ Taylor, Jay (2009). The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China. pp. 128–129.
  37. ↑ Foreign Relations of the United States (IV ed.). 1936. p. 453.
  38. ↑ Coble 2023, p. 53.
  39. ↑ Itoh 2016, pp. 180–185.
  40. ↑ Itoh 2016, p. 191.
  41. ↑ Wakeman 2003, p. 234.
  42. 1 2 Eastman 1991, p. 48-49.
  43. ↑ Paine 2012, pp. 102–103.
  44. ↑ Garver 1988, p. 78.

Sources

  • Barnouin, Barbara; Yu, Changgen (2006). Zhou Enlai: A Political Life. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  • Bernstein, Richard (2014). China 1945 : Mao's revolution and America's fateful choice (First ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 29. ISBN   9780307595881.
  • Ch'en, Jerome (1991). "The Communist movement, 1927-1937". In Eastman, Lloyd E. (ed.). The Nationalist Era in China, 1927-1949. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   0521385911.
  • Chor, So Wai (2002). "The Making of the Guomindang's Japan Policy, 1932-1937: The Roles of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei". Modern China. 28 (2): 213–252. doi:10.1177/009770040202800203.
  • Coble, Parks M. (1991). Facing Japan: Chinese politics and Japanese imperialism; 1931 - 1937. Cambridge, Mass.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard Univ. ISBN   9780674290112.
  • Coble, Parks M. (2023). The Collapse of Nationalist China: How Chiang Kai-shek Lost China's Civil War. Cambridge New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-1-009-29761-5.
  • Cohen, Paul A (2014). History and Popular Memory: The Power of Story in Moments of Crisis. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN   978-0231166362.
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Xi'an Incident
Traditional Chinese 西安事變
Simplified Chinese 西安事变
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Xī'ān Shìbiàn
Wade–Giles Hsi-an Shih-pian
Pre-1945 Post-1945
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