1907 United States Senate special election in Wisconsin

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1907 United States Senate special election in Wisconsin
Flag of Wisconsin.svg
  1903 April 17, 1907 May 17, 1907 1909  
  Isaac Stephenson.jpg Jacob Rummel.jpg
Nominee Isaac Stephenson George W. Bird Jacob Rummel
Party Republican Democratic Socialist
Legislative vote87164
Percentage81.31%14.95%3.74%

U.S. senator before election

John C. Spooner
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Isaac Stephenson
Republican

The 1907 United States Senate special election in Wisconsin was held in the 48th Wisconsin Legislature between April 17, 1907, and May 17, 1907. The special election was necessary to complete the unexpired term of U.S. Senator John Coit Spooner, who announced his resignation in March 1907 and left office April 30. Republican former U.S. representative Isaac Stephenson was elected on the 22nd ballot after a month of voting and negotiation. [1]

Contents

In the 1907 term, Republicans held overwhelming majorities in both chambers of the Wisconsin Legislature, so had more than enough votes to elect a Republican United States senator. The main contest was in the Republican legislative caucus, where multiple progressive and conservative factions failed to reach consensus for nearly a month. Progressives ultimately coalesced around 77-year-old former U.S. representative Isaac Stephensonwho had made several previous bids for U.S. Senateand secured his nomination.

Major candidates

Democratic

Republican

Socialist

Results

Vote on April 17, 1907

1st Vote of the 48th Wisconsin Legislature, April 17, 1907 [1]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic George W. Bird 24 [a] 18.32%
Republican John J. Esch 19 [b] 14.50%
Republican Irvine Lenroot 19 [c] 14.50%
Republican Henry Allen Cooper 18 [d] 13.74%
Republican Isaac Stephenson 17 [e] 12.98%
Republican William H. Hatton 1612.21%
Republican Emil Baensch 64.58%
Socialist Jacob Rummel 53.82%
Republican Frederick C. Winkler 32.29%
Republican Charles E. Estabrook 10.76%
Republican George Hudnall 1 [f] 0.76%
Republican John Meek Whitehead 10.76%
Blank10.76%
Absent or not voting2
Majority6650.38%
Total votes131 98.50%
Void election result

Votes from April 18 to April 26

2nd7th Votes of the 48th Wisconsin Legislature, April 18 April 26, 1907 [1]
PartyCandidateBallots
Apr. 18Apr. 19Apr. 23Apr. 24Apr. 25Apr. 26
Democratic George W. Bird 24 [a] 1818212217
Republican Isaac Stephenson 191920202018
Republican John J. Esch 191820201917
Republican Henry Allen Cooper 181918181918
Republican Irvine Lenroot 181817171717
Republican William H. Hatton 161616161615
Republican Emil Baensch 665554
Socialist Jacob Rummel 545554
Republican Frederick C. Winkler 333331
Republican George Hudnall 1 [f] 1 [f] 1 [f] 1 [f] 1 [f]
Republican Albert W. Sanborn 1
Socialist Carl D. Thompson 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g]
Republican John Meek Whitehead 1
Republican John A. Hazelwood 111
Republican Walter C. Owen 11
Republican Walter D. Tarrant1
Absent11074420
Needed for majority676264656557
Total votes132123126129129113

Vote on April 29, 1907

On April 29, by agreement between the various candidates, most legislators were allowed to be absent, with each declared candidate designating one trusted supporter to arrive and cast a placeholder vote.

8th Vote of the 48th Wisconsin Legislature, April 29, 1907 [1]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Emil Baensch 112.50%
Republican John Barnes112.50%
Democratic George W. Bird 112.50%
Republican Henry Allen Cooper 112.50%
Republican John J. Esch 112.50%
Republican William H. Hatton 112.50%
Republican Irvine Lenroot 112.50%
Republican Isaac Stephenson 112.50%
Absent or not voting125
Majority562.50%
Total votes8 6.02%
Void election result

Votes from April 30 to May 10

9th16th Votes of the 48th Wisconsin Legislature, April 30 May 10, 1907 [1]
PartyCandidateBallots
Apr. 30May 1May 2May 3May 7May 8May 9May 10
Republican Isaac Stephenson 1918191917262832
Republican John J. Esch 1920191619212119
Republican Irvine Lenroot 1918181317
Democratic George W. Bird 1818191014161914
Republican Henry Allen Cooper 181817171418
Republican William H. Hatton 1616161512162223
Republican Emil Baensch 55555411
Socialist Jacob Rummel 55344555
Republican Frederick C. Winkler 34324
Socialist Carl D. Thompson 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g]
Republican John A. Hazelwood 11111
Republican Philo A. Orton 1
Republican James A. Frear 1323
Republican W. A. Gordon1
Democratic Barnabas S. Potter 1 [h]
Democratic Charles H. Weisse 1
Republican Thomas H. Gill1
Republican William D. Hoard 11
Republican John C. Spooner 1
Republican George H. Benzenberg1
Republican Duncan McGregor 51020
Republican George Hudnall 3
Republican James Huff Stout 21
Republican Albert W. Sanborn 61
Republican Charles E. Estabrook 41
Republican Harry C. Martin 31
Republican Albert M. Stondall 1
Republican C. G. Pearse1
Republican Otis Wells Johnson 1
Republican David F. Mains 1
Absent8511262810612
Needed for majority6365625453626461
Total votes125128122107105123127121

Vote on May 13, 1907

On May 13, by agreement between the various candidates, most legislators were allowed to be absent, with each declared candidate designating one trusted supporter to arrive and cast a placeholder vote.

17th Vote of the 48th Wisconsin Legislature, May 13, 1907 [1]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic George W. Bird 120.00%
Republican John J. Esch 120.00%
Republican William H. Hatton 120.00%
Republican Duncan McGregor 120.00%
Republican Isaac Stephenson 120.00%
Absent or not voting128
Majority360.00%
Total votes5 3.76%
Void election result

Votes from May 14 to May 16

18th21st Votes of the 48th Wisconsin Legislature, May 14 May 16, 1907 [1]
PartyCandidateBallots
May 14May 15May 16
(9am)
May 16
(noon)
Republican Isaac Stephenson 31444648
Republican William H. Hatton 25265253
Republican Duncan McGregor 23312
Republican John J. Esch 20282
Democratic George W. Bird 15111416
Socialist Jacob Rummel 4 [i] 4 [i] 4 [i] 4 [i]
Republican James A. Frear 1 [j]
Republican John A. Hazelwood 1 [k]
Democratic Henry L. Palmer 1 [l]
Socialist Carl D. Thompson 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g] 1 [g]
Democratic Charles H. Weisse 2 [m]
Republican George Brumder1 [n]
Democratic Joseph E. Davies 1 [o] 1 [o]
Democratic David L. Douglas 1 [p] 1 [p]
Republican George Hudnall 1 [f] 1 [q]
Democratic D. S. Rose1 [r] 1 [r]
Republican Albert W. Sanborn 1 [s]
Republican Samuel A. Cook 1 [t]
Republican Irvine Lenroot 1 [u]
Democratic George Wilbur Peck 1 [v]
Absent11887
Needed for majority62636364
Total votes122125125126

Republican caucus on May 16, 1907

On the evening of May 16, 1907, William H. Hatton expected to secure the nomination after coming within two votes of the caucus majority earlier that day. Lieutenant Governor William D. Connor was credited with denying Hatton the nomination after he managed to convince representatives Clifford R. Goldsworthy and Elwyn F. Nelson to withhold their support. Hatton's support collapsed during the roll call vote, with Goldsworthy, Nelson, and Duncan McGregor leading the rout. Instead Isaac Stephenson achieved a majority with 55 of 98 votes cast, and the caucus then moved to make him their unanimous nominee. [2]

Vote on May 17, 1907

The legislature re-convened in joint session on May 17. Voting proceeded exactly along party lines, with 26 members absent. Stephenson received the support of all the Republicans present and voting and was elected U.S. senator. [1]

22nd Vote of the 48th Wisconsin Legislature, May 17, 1907 [1]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Isaac Stephenson 87 81.31%
Democratic George W. Bird 1614.95%
Socialist Jacob Rummel 4 [w] 3.74%
Absent or not voting26
Majority5450.47%
Total votes107 80.45%
Republican hold

Notes

  1. 1 2 On the 1st and 2nd ballots, Bird received the votes of every Democratic legislator.
  2. On the 1st ballot, Esch received the votes of Republican senators H. W. Barker, Theodore W. Brazeau, Theodore C. Froemming, Spencer M. Marsh, Thomas Morris, Oliver Munson, and James H. Noble, and Republican representatives John Franklin Baker, Jacob D. Harring, C. A. Ingram, F. M. Jackson, John R. Jones, Valentine S. Keppel, David F. Mains, Thomas H. Miller, Elwyn F. Nelson, Anton G. Schauer, and Simon F. Wehrwein.
  3. On the 1st ballot, Lenroot received the votes of Republican senators Edward E. Browne, George Hudnall, Walter C. Owen, and Albert M. Stondall, Republican representatives Roderick Ainsworth, Ove H. Berg, Lorenzo Clausen, Albert W. Durley, William A. Kay, Edward J. Keyes, Frank J. Kimball, Duncan McGregor, James A. McKenzie, Ray J. Nye, Jens Peterson, Thomas A. Roycraft, George E. Scott, and Theodore M. Thomas, and Republican speaker Herman Ekern.
  4. On the 1st ballot, Cooper received the votes of Republican senators Isaac T. Bishop, Edward E. Burns, Henry Lockney, Harry C. Martin, and John Meek Whitehead, and Republican representatives Allen S. Baker, William H. Bell, M. J. Cleary, Walker M. Curtiss, Charles E. Estabrook, Clifford R. Goldsworthy, Jacob Luy, David Morris, Simon Smith, Ole P. Sorenson, Edward H. Sprague, John O. Thomas, and Fred Ties.
  5. On the 1st ballot, Stephenson received the votes of Republican senator Harlan P. Bird and Republican representatives Wilbur Cahoon, Elmer Cain, William Disch, William H. Falvey, Herman Georgi, Wallace Hager, Herman H. Heilbron, Simon Kander, Edward Webster LeRoy, William J. McGee, Frank F. Mueller, Thomas Reynolds, Henry Edgar Roethe, Fred E. Soper, William Rufus Turner, and Christian C. Wellensgard.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 On the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th & 19th ballots, Republican representative George Grassie was the lone vote for George Hudnall.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 On every ballot where he was present and voting, Socialist senator Jacob Rummel voted for Carl D. Thompson.
  8. On the 10th ballot, Democratic representative Elmore Elver voted for B. S. Potter.
  9. 1 2 3 4 On the 18th, 19th, 20th, & 21st ballots, Rummel received the votes of all Socialists except representative Frank J. Weber (who was absent) and Rummel himself (who voted for Carl D. Thompson).
  10. On the 18th ballot, Republican representative William A. Kay voted for James A. Frear.
  11. On the 18th ballot, Republican representative George Grassie voted for John A. Hazelwood.
  12. On the 18th ballot, Democratic senator Charles L. Pearson voted for H. L. Palmer.
  13. On the 19th ballot, Democratic representatives William J. Bichler and John M. Detling voted for Charles H. Weisse.
  14. On the 19th ballot, Republican representative Jacob Luy voted for George Brumder.
  15. 1 2 On the 19th and 20th ballots, Democratic representative Fred Smith voted for Joseph E. Davies.
  16. 1 2 On the 19th and 20th ballots, Democratic representative Elmore Elver voted for David L. Douglas.
  17. On the 21st ballot, Republican representative Clifford R. Goldsworthy voted for George Hudnall.
  18. 1 2 On the 19th and 20th ballots, Democratic representative Joseph Domachowski voted for D. S. Rose.
  19. On the 19th ballot, Republican representative Ove H. Berg voted for A. W. Sanborn.
  20. On the 20th ballot, Republican representative Otto Harrass voted for Samuel A. Cook.
  21. On the 20th ballot, Republican representative Ray J. Nye voted for Irvine Lenroot.
  22. On the 21st ballot, Democratic representative Joseph Domachowski voted for George W. Peck.
  23. On the 22nd ballot, Rummel received the votes of all Socialists except representative Frank J. Weber (who was absent) and Rummel himself (who did not cast a vote).

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 State of Wisconsin Assembly Journal (Report). Wisconsin Legislature. 1907. pp. 505–507, 517–519, 529–531, 544–546, 556–558, 567–569, 578–580, 588–590, 610–611, 616–618, 630–632, 639–641, 656–658, 664–666, 679–681, 695–697, 708–710, 729–730, 741–742, 751–754, 769–770, 780–782. Retrieved March 29, 2025 via HathiTrust.
  2. "Stephenson the Man. Named for Senator". Oshkosh Northwestern . May 17, 1907. p. 9. Retrieved March 30, 2025 via Newspapers.com.