1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin

Main article: 1956 United States presidential election

1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin

←  1952 November 6, 1956 1960  →

Nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower Adlai Stevenson Party Republican Democratic Home state Pennsylvania [lower-alpha 1] Illinois Running mate Richard Nixon Estes Kefauver Electoral vote 12 0 Popular vote 954,844 586,768 Percentage 61.58% 37.84%

County Results Eisenhower   50-60%   60-70%   70-80% Stevenson   50-60%

President before election Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican Elected President Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican

The 1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 6, 1956 as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Politics in Wisconsin since the Populist movement had been dominated by the Republican Party. ^[2] The Democratic Party became uncompetitive away from the Lake Michigan coast as the upper classes, along with the majority of workers who followed them, fled from William Jennings Bryan's agrarian and free silver sympathies. ^[3] Although the state did develop a strong Socialist Party to provide opposition to the GOP, Wisconsin developed the direct Republican primary in 1903 and this ultimately created competition between the "League" under Robert M. La Follette, and the conservative "Regular" faction. ^[4] This ultimately would develop into the Wisconsin Progressive Party in the late 1930s, which was opposed to the conservative German Democrats and to the national Republican Party, and allied with Franklin D. Roosevelt at the federal level.

During the two wartime elections, the formerly Democratic German counties in the east of the state – which had been powerfully opposed to the Civil War because they saw it as a "Yankee" war and opposed the military draft instituted during it ^[5] – viewed Communism as a much greater threat to America than Nazism and consequently opposed President Roosevelt's war effort. ^[6] Consequently, these historically Democratic counties became virtually the most Republican in the entire state, and became a major support base for populist conservative Senator Joe McCarthy, who became notorious for his investigations into Communists inside the American government. The state's populace's opposition to Communism and the Korean War turned Wisconsin strongly to Republican nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower in the 1952 presidential election.

For the 1956 rematch, Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson II began by campaigning against Eisenhower's handling of farm problems, at a time when most of the interior United States was suffering from a severe drought. ^[7] The Democrat would then attack Eisenhower as a "weak" President when the two were touring the Midwest during September. ^[8]

Early polls showed Eisenhower leading the state despite farm unrest, owing to the unpopularity of Stevenson. ^[9] No later poll was taken, but evidence was that state's farmers were not trending to Stevenson at all, and that the Suez Crisis would hurt rather than help Stevenson. ^[10]

Polls

Source	Rating	As of
The Boston Daily Globe [11]	Likely R	October 23, 1956
Fort Worth Star-Telegram [12]	Safe R	November 2, 1956
Corpus Christi Times [13]	Safe R	November 3, 1956
The Philadelphia Inquirer [14]	Safe R	November 4, 1956
The Salt Lake Tribune [15]	Safe R	November 4, 1956

Results

1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin [16] [17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Electoral votes
	Republican	Dwight D. Eisenhower (incumbent)	954,844	61.58%	12
	Democratic	Adlai Stevenson	586,768	37.84%	0
	Independent [lower-alpha 2]	T. Coleman Andrews	6,918	0.45%	0
	Socialist [lower-alpha 3]	Darlington Hoopes	754	0.05%	0
	Socialist Labor [lower-alpha 4]	Eric Hass	710	0.05%	0
	Socialist Workers [lower-alpha 5]	Farrell Dobbs	564	0.04%	0
Totals			1,550,558	100.00%	12

Results by county

County [16] [17]	Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican		Adlai Stevenson Democratic		T. Coleman Andrews Independent		All Others Various		Margin		Total votes cast
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Adams	1,854	59.48%	1,244	39.91%	15	0.48%	4	0.13%	610	19.57%	3,117
Ashland	4,121	52.70%	3,677	47.03%	16	0.20%	5	0.06%	444	5.67%	7,819
Barron	8,634	61.12%	5,419	38.36%	44	0.31%	29	0.21%	3,215	22.76%	14,126
Bayfield	3,096	53.32%	2,691	46.35%	8	0.14%	11	0.19%	405	6.97%	5,806
Brown	32,878	70.24%	13,642	29.14%	246	0.53%	42	0.09%	19,236	41.10%	46,808
Buffalo	3,387	59.83%	2,266	40.03%	7	0.12%	1	0.02%	1,121	19.80%	5,661
Burnett	2,198	52.36%	1,986	47.31%	7	0.17%	7	0.17%	212	5.05%	4,198
Calumet	6,166	74.22%	2,099	25.26%	38	0.46%	5	0.06%	4,067	48.96%	8,308
Chippewa	9,781	59.42%	6,617	40.20%	58	0.35%	5	0.03%	3,164	19.22%	16,461
Clark	7,941	62.26%	4,765	37.36%	39	0.31%	9	0.07%	3,176	24.90%	12,754
Columbia	10,120	66.01%	5,158	33.65%	45	0.29%	7	0.05%	4,962	32.36%	15,330
Crawford	4,123	61.71%	2,522	37.75%	31	0.46%	5	0.07%	1,601	23.96%	6,681
Dane	38,955	51.11%	36,891	48.41%	295	0.39%	72	0.09%	2,064	2.70%	76,213
Dodge	17,569	72.10%	6,704	27.51%	76	0.31%	17	0.07%	10,865	44.59%	24,366
Door	6,722	77.96%	1,859	21.56%	32	0.37%	9	0.10%	4,863	56.40%	8,622
Douglas	9,183	44.79%	11,276	55.00%	22	0.11%	21	0.10%	-2,093	-10.21%	20,502
Dunn	6,401	60.36%	4,189	39.50%	11	0.10%	3	0.03%	2,212	20.86%	10,604
Eau Claire	13,122	58.48%	9,276	41.34%	33	0.15%	8	0.04%	3,846	17.14%	22,439
Florence	1,003	57.94%	723	41.77%	4	0.23%	1	0.06%	280	16.17%	1,731
Fond du Lac	21,496	72.46%	7,940	26.76%	207	0.70%	23	0.08%	13,556	45.70%	29,666
Forest	2,039	57.03%	1,527	42.71%	8	0.22%	1	0.03%	512	14.32%	3,575
Grant	11,648	68.69%	5,208	30.71%	92	0.54%	10	0.06%	6,440	37.98%	16,958
Green	7,114	66.00%	3,614	33.53%	43	0.40%	8	0.07%	3,500	32.47%	10,779
Green Lake	5,441	76.49%	1,643	23.10%	25	0.35%	4	0.06%	3,798	53.39%	7,113
Iowa	5,201	61.79%	3,176	37.73%	36	0.43%	4	0.05%	2,025	24.06%	8,417
Iron	1,930	46.22%	2,226	53.30%	14	0.34%	6	0.14%	-296	-7.08%	4,176
Jackson	3,614	56.66%	2,755	43.20%	7	0.11%	2	0.03%	859	13.46%	6,378
Jefferson	13,357	67.02%	6,452	32.37%	94	0.47%	28	0.14%	6,905	34.65%	19,931
Juneau	5,135	67.58%	2,428	31.96%	30	0.39%	5	0.07%	2,707	35.62%	7,598
Kenosha	21,367	55.08%	17,094	44.06%	269	0.69%	66	0.17%	4,273	11.02%	38,796
Kewaunee	5,106	68.00%	2,364	31.48%	31	0.41%	8	0.11%	2,742	36.52%	7,509
La Crosse	18,264	61.66%	11,258	38.01%	73	0.25%	27	0.09%	7,006	23.65%	29,622
Lafayette	4,733	59.33%	3,212	40.26%	30	0.38%	3	0.04%	1,521	19.07%	7,978
Langlade	5,004	63.82%	2,804	35.76%	28	0.36%	5	0.06%	2,200	28.06%	7,841
Lincoln	6,329	67.74%	2,880	30.83%	118	1.26%	16	0.17%	3,449	36.91%	9,343
Manitowoc	18,078	61.91%	10,800	36.99%	291	1.00%	30	0.10%	7,278	24.92%	29,199
Marathon	22,586	59.36%	15,301	40.21%	126	0.33%	38	0.10%	7,285	19.15%	38,051
Marinette	8,874	63.12%	5,113	36.37%	63	0.45%	10	0.07%	3,761	26.75%	14,060
Marquette	2,796	73.87%	975	25.76%	14	0.37%	0	0.00%	1,821	48.11%	3,785
Milwaukee	227,253	55.79%	177,286	43.53%	1,783	0.44%	996	0.24%	49,967	12.26%	407,318
Monroe	7,460	63.16%	4,311	36.50%	27	0.23%	13	0.11%	3,149	26.66%	11,811
Oconto	6,836	64.95%	3,632	34.51%	51	0.48%	6	0.06%	3,204	30.44%	10,525
Oneida	6,261	64.89%	3,328	34.49%	51	0.53%	8	0.08%	2,933	30.40%	9,648
Outagamie	26,090	76.56%	7,725	22.67%	236	0.69%	26	0.08%	18,365	53.89%	34,077
Ozaukee	9,808	69.63%	4,139	29.38%	126	0.89%	13	0.09%	5,669	40.25%	14,086
Pepin	1,975	65.51%	1,040	34.49%	0	0.00%	0	0.00%	935	31.02%	3,015
Pierce	5,782	61.13%	3,644	38.53%	25	0.26%	7	0.07%	2,138	22.60%	9,458
Polk	5,894	54.04%	4,985	45.71%	14	0.13%	13	0.12%	909	8.33%	10,906
Portage	8,320	54.08%	7,010	45.56%	41	0.27%	15	0.10%	1,310	8.52%	15,386
Price	4,028	58.82%	2,778	40.57%	27	0.39%	15	0.22%	1,250	18.25%	6,848
Racine	31,968	58.21%	22,646	41.24%	248	0.45%	57	0.10%	9,322	16.97%	54,919
Richland	5,062	64.29%	2,783	35.34%	26	0.33%	3	0.04%	2,279	28.95%	7,874
Rock	28,980	67.42%	13,834	32.18%	148	0.34%	25	0.06%	15,146	35.24%	42,987
Rusk	3,433	53.68%	2,929	45.80%	24	0.38%	9	0.14%	504	7.88%	6,395
Sauk	10,644	66.46%	5,292	33.04%	61	0.38%	19	0.12%	5,352	33.42%	16,016
Sawyer	2,823	64.54%	1,520	34.75%	26	0.59%	5	0.11%	1,303	29.79%	4,374
Shawano	9,388	71.54%	3,675	28.01%	54	0.41%	5	0.04%	5,713	43.53%	13,122
Sheboygan	22,077	59.91%	14,540	39.46%	182	0.49%	53	0.14%	7,537	20.45%	36,852
St. Croix	6,956	55.72%	5,499	44.05%	21	0.17%	8	0.06%	1,457	11.67%	12,484
Taylor	3,843	57.75%	2,759	41.46%	35	0.53%	17	0.26%	1,084	16.29%	6,654
Trempealeau	5,476	54.25%	4,602	45.59%	9	0.09%	7	0.07%	874	8.66%	10,094
Vernon	6,200	55.66%	4,923	44.19%	15	0.13%	2	0.02%	1,277	11.47%	11,140
Vilas	3,683	74.07%	1,267	25.48%	19	0.38%	3	0.06%	2,416	48.59%	4,972
Walworth	16,696	76.62%	4,922	22.59%	152	0.70%	20	0.09%	11,774	54.03%	21,790
Washburn	2,798	58.88%	1,935	40.72%	14	0.29%	5	0.11%	863	18.16%	4,752
Washington	12,167	72.93%	4,447	26.66%	59	0.35%	10	0.06%	7,720	46.27%	16,683
Waukesha	35,212	68.93%	15,496	30.33%	313	0.61%	63	0.12%	19,716	38.60%	51,084
Waupaca	11,798	78.64%	3,133	20.88%	66	0.44%	6	0.04%	8,665	57.76%	15,003
Waushara	4,717	76.99%	1,387	22.64%	20	0.33%	3	0.05%	3,330	54.35%	6,127
Winnebago	28,759	71.44%	11,115	27.61%	353	0.88%	27	0.07%	17,644	43.83%	40,254
Wood	15,091	69.92%	6,412	29.71%	66	0.31%	14	0.06%	8,679	40.21%	21,583
Totals	954,844	61.58%	586,768	37.84%	6,918	0.45%	2,028	0.13%	368,076	23.74%	1,550,558

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

• Kenosha

Analysis

As it turned out, despite the doubts of the Boston Daily Globe Eisenhower slightly improved upon his 1952 margin in Wisconsin: although he did lose some support in the farming areas, he gained upon his 1952 vote in Wisconsin's cities due to increased Catholic support, and carried all but two northern counties. Wisconsin’s result was 8.34% more Republican than the nation-at-large. As of 2020 ^[update] , this remains the last time a Republican has carried Wisconsin by double digits, as the state would trend Democratic beginning with the 1958 midterm elections, although Democrats have subsequently won Wisconsin by double digits just three times – Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, Bill Clinton in 1996 and Barack Obama in 2008. ^[18] This is also the last election as of 2020 in which Ashland County, Dane County, Milwaukee County, and Portage County voted for a Republican presidential candidate. ^[19]

Electors

These were the names of the electors on each ticket. ^[16]

Dwight D. Eisenhower & Richard M. Nixon Republican Party	Adlai Stevenson & Estes Kefauver Democratic Party [lower-alpha 6]	T. Coleman Andrews & Thomas H. Werdel Independent
Warren P. Knowles Vernon W. Thomson Elbert H. Neese Jr. Arthur L. May Everett Yerly Margaret S. Needham John N. Dickinson Samuel N. Pickard Robert G. Marotz Wendall MacEachran Louis G. Arnold Willis J. Hutnik	Henry W. Maier Harold Newton Thomas Miglautsch Richard S. McKnight John Giacomo William S. Clark David Rabinovitz Clarence Mitten John Reynolds Keith C. Hardie Thomas J. Joyce	Henry Reamer Edward Niffenegger Jr. Henry H. Swan Edward J. Froncek James F. Mallas Orville W. Fox Fannie McMahon William W. Wolf Jr. Ronald F. North William F. Brown George C. Hildebrant Georgianna McFetridge

Darlington Hoopes & Samuel H. Friedman Socialist Party	Eric Hass & Georgia Cozzini Socialist Labor Party	Farrell Dobbs & Myra Tanner Weiss Socialist Workers Party
Walter G. Benson Fred G. Kneevers William P. Piek Michael Katzban Anna Mae Davis Rudolph Beyer Ruth Hart John A. Pearson Lee Schaal Joseph Dumont Fred Dahir John M. Work	Eugene J. Adolphe Frank Brlas Jr. Marko Golubich William Kelenic Matthew Karlovich Henry A. Ochsner Alex Schaufelberger Jr. William Schlingman Ferdinand Schnarsky Amos Wagner Arthur Wepfer Samuel Munek	Albert Stergar Betsy M. Stergar Calvin Sherard Lillian Scherf Millard Plauster Sophia Pantazes Theodore Ostrowski Wayne Leverenz Elmer Leverenz Lorraine Fons Alfred Cortez Augusta Cortez

See also

• United States presidential elections in Wisconsin

Notes

1. Although he was born in Texas and grew up in Kansas before his military career, at the time of the 1952 election Eisenhower was president of Columbia University and was, officially, a resident of New York. During his first term as president, he moved his private residence to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and officially changed his residency to Pennsylvania. ^[1]
2. "Independent Better Government under the Constitution"
3. "Independent Socialist"
4. "Independent Socialist Labor"
5. "Independent Socialist Workers"
6. There were only 11 named electors on the Democratic ticket in Wisconsin

References

1. "The Presidents". David Leip. Retrieved September 27, 2017. Eisenhower's home state for the 1956 Election was Pennsylvania
2. Burnham, Walter Dean. "The System of 1896: An Analysis". The Evolution of American Electoral Systems. pp. 178–179. ISBN   0313213798.
3. Sundquist, James. Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years. p. 526. ISBN   0815719094.
4. Hansen, John Mark; Shigeo, Hirano; Snyder jr, James M. "Parties within Parties: Parties, Factions, and Coordinated Politics, 1900-1980". In Gerber, Alan S.; Schickler, Eric (eds.). Governing in a Polarized Age: Elections, Parties, and Political Representation in America. pp. 165–168. ISBN   978-1-107-09509-0.
5. Phillips, Kevin P. The Emerging Republican Majority. pp. 381–382, 414. ISBN   978-0-691-16324-6.
6. Phillips. The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 387-388
7. Blair, William M. (August 30, 1956). "Stevenson Asserts G.O.P. Fosters Farm Depression: Broken Promises Charged Stevenson Urges Action Stevenson Accuses Republicans of Fostering a Farm Depression — 3 States Are Pivotal". The New York Times . p. 1.
8. Salisbury, Harrison E. (September 27, 1956). "Stevenson Says Eisenhower Fails to Lead Country: In Kansas City, He Asserts the Question Is, "Who's in Charge Here?" Decries Farm Policy: Nominee Charges That the President Defaulted on 90% Parity Pledgeedition=Special to The New York Times". The New York Times . p. 1.
9. White, William S. (October 1, 1956). "G.O.P. Retaining Wisconsin Lead; Democrats Gain: Survey Shows Farm Unrest and Spotty Unemployment Are Having Influence". The New York Times (Special to The New York Times ed.). p. 1.
10. King, Seth H. (November 1, 1956). "Major Farm Vote Still Republican: Democrats Fail to Stir Big Revolt – May Lose Votes on Crisis in Mideast". The New York Times. p. 44.
11. Cornell, Douglas B. (October 23, 1956). "But Smaller Margin Seen: "Old Faithful" Wisconsin Expected To Go GOP Again". The Boston Daily Globe . p. 26.
12. "Final Babson Poll Shows Eisenhower Winning Easily". Fort Worth Star-Telegram . CTS. November 2, 1956. p. 22.
13. Trohan, Walter (November 3, 1956). "Hour of Decision Near: Eisenhower Lead Increasing Daily". Corpus Christi Times . Chicago Tribune Service. p. 4.
14. "What the Polls Show — Eisenhower Victory Is Indicated across Nation". The Philadelphia Inquirer . November 4, 1956. pp. B 1, B 3.
15. Lawrence, W.H. (November 4, 1956). ""Times Team" Counts Up 20-State GOP Margin". The Salt Lake Tribune . p. A 11.
16. Wisconsin Historical Society, Statement of Board of State Canvassers for President, Vice President and Presidential Electors - General Election - 1956
17. Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. "Vote For President And Vice President By Counties". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1958. Madison, Wisconsin. p. 766.
18. "Presidential General Election Results Comparison – Wisconsin". Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas.
19. Sullivan, Robert David (June 29, 2016). "How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century". The National Catholic Review (America Magazine ed.).