Door County, Wisconsin

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Door County
County
DoorCountyWisconsinCourthouse.jpg
Door County Government Center in Sturgeon Bay
Map of Wisconsin highlighting Door County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Wisconsin
Wisconsin in United States.svg
Wisconsin's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 45°01′N87°01′W / 45.02°N 87.01°W / 45.02; -87.01
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Wisconsin.svg  Wisconsin
Founded1851
Named for Porte des Morts
Seat Sturgeon Bay
Largest citySturgeon Bay
Area
 • Total2,370 sq mi (6,100 km2)
 • Land482 sq mi (1,250 km2)
 • Water1,888 sq mi (4,890 km2)  80%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total30,066
 • Estimate 
(2023)
30,562 Increase2.svg
 • Density62.4/sq mi (24.1/km2)
Demonym Door Countyite [1]
Time zone UTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−5 (CDT)
Area code 920
Congressional district 8th
Website co.door.wi.gov
Wisconsin county code 15
FIPS county code 55029

Door County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,066. [2] Its county seat is Sturgeon Bay. [3]

Contents

It is named after the strait between the Door Peninsula and Washington Island. This dangerous passage, known as Death's Door, contains shipwrecks and was known to Native Americans and early French explorers. The county was created in 1851 and organized in 1861. [4]

Nicknamed the "Cape Cod of the Midwest," Door County is a popular Upper Midwest vacation destination.

History

Native Americans and French

Porte des Morts legend

Door County's name came from Porte des Morts ("Death's Door"), the passage between the tip of Door Peninsula and Washington Island. [5] The name "Death's Door" came from Native American tales, heard by early French explorers and published in greatly embellished form by Hjalmar Holand, which described a failed raid by the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) tribe to capture Washington Island from the rival Pottawatomi tribe in the early 1600s. It has become associated with shipwrecks within the passage. [6] The earliest known written reference to the legend is from Emmanuel Crespel  [ fr ], who termed the peninsula "Cap a la Mort" in 1728. [7]

Settlement and development

19th–20th century settlement

Graves of Increase Claflin and family The Pioneer Cemetery at Peninsula State Park..jpg
Graves of Increase Claflin and family

The 19th and 20th centuries saw the immigration and settlement of pioneers, mariners, fishermen, loggers, and farmers. The first white settler was Increase Claflin. [8] In 1851, Door County was separated from what had been Brown County. [9] In 1853, Moravians founded Ephraim after Nils Otto Tank resisted attempts at land ownership reform at the old religious colony near Green Bay. [10] An African-American community and congregation worshiping at West Harbor on Washington Island was described in 1854. [11] Also in 1854 the first post office in the county opened, on Washington Island. [12] In the 19th century, a fairly large-scale immigration of Belgian Walloons populated a small region in the southern portion of the county, [13] including the area designated as the Namur Historic District. They built small roadside votive chapels, some still in use today, [14] and brought other traditions over from Europe such as the Kermiss harvest festival. [15]

Shortly after the 1831 Treaty of Washington, [16] the federal government surveyed what is now Door County to determine the value of the timber and to divide up parcels for eventual sale. [17] [18] Following the treaty, land in what is now the county was sold or granted to private citizens. [19]

At the time the Homestead Act of 1862 was passed, most of the county's nearly 2,000 farmers were squatters earning most of their revenue from lumber and wood products. The remaining portion of the population consisted of about 1,000 fishermen and their families. Out of the total population of 2,948 people, 170 fought in the Civil War. [20]

When the 1871 Peshtigo fire burned the town of Williamsonville, fifty-nine people were killed. The area of this disaster is now Tornado Memorial County Park, named for a fire whirl which occurred there. [21] [22] [23] Altogether, 128 people in the county perished in the Peshtigo fire. [9] [10]

In 1885 or 1886, what is now the Coast Guard Station was established at Sturgeon Bay. [24] [25] The small, seasonally open station on Washington Island was established in 1902. [26]

Excursion party on the Sailor Boy; postmarked 1906 in Sturgeon Bay. The Sailor Boy and other small steamboats stopped at Menominee to take on rail passengers. Since rail service was faster, tourists from Chicago would first take a northbound train in order to board steamboats bound for resort communities. Excursion party on Sailor Boy.jpg
Excursion party on the Sailor Boy; postmarked 1906 in Sturgeon Bay. The Sailor Boy and other small steamboats stopped at Menominee to take on rail passengers. Since rail service was faster, tourists from Chicago would first take a northbound train in order to board steamboats bound for resort communities.
This 1924 postcard produced by Curt Teich & Company reads, "Cedar Glen, one of the many free tourists' camp sites in Peninsula State Park, Door County Wisconsin." Cedar Glen, one of themany free tourists' camp sites in Peninsula State Park, Door County,... (NBY 562).jpg
This 1924 postcard produced by Curt Teich & Company reads, "Cedar Glen, one of the many free tourists' camp sites in Peninsula State Park, Door County Wisconsin."

Early tourism

Even after the Ahnapee and Western extended service to Sturgeon Bay in 1894, many tourists continued taking the railroad to Menominee, Michigan [a] to embark on steamships bound for communities in Door County. This route over Green Bay bypassed poor road conditions in the northern part of the county, which persisted until the early 1920s. Only after crushed stone highways were built did motor and horse-drawn coaches become popular for transportation between Sturgeon Bay and the northern part of the peninsula. [28] [9] By 1909 at least 1,000 tourists visited per year, [29] a figure which grew to about 125,000 in 1920, [30] 1 million in 1969, [31] 1.25 million in 1978, [32] and 1.9 million in 1995. [33]

20th–21st-century events

In 1913, The Old Rugged Cross was first sung at the Friends Church in Sturgeon Bay as a duet by two traveling preachers. [34]

In 2004, the county began a sister cities relationship with Jingdezhen in southeastern China. [35]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,370 square miles (6,100 km2), of which 482 square miles (1,250 km2) is land and 1,888 square miles (4,890 km2) (80%) is water. [36] It is the largest county in Wisconsin by total area. The county has 298 miles (480 km) of shoreline. [37]

The county covers the majority of the Door Peninsula. With the completion of the Sturgeon Bay Shipping Canal in 1881, [38] the northern half of the peninsula became an artificial island. [39] This canal is believed to have somehow "caused a wonderful increase in the quantity of fish" in nearby waters [40] and also caused a reduction in the sturgeon population in the bay due to changes in the aquatic habitat. [41] The 45th parallel north bisects the "island", and this is commemorated by Meridian County Park. [42] [43]

Climate

The county has a humid continental climate (classified as Dfb in Köppen) with warm summers and cold snowy winters. Data from the Peninsular Agricultural Research Station north of the city of Sturgeon Bay gives average monthly temperatures ranging from 68.7 °F (20.4 °C) in the summer down to 18.0 °F (−7.8 °C) in the winter. The moderating effects of nearby bodies of water reduce the likelihood of damaging late spring freezes. Late spring freezes are less likely to occur than in nearby areas, and when they do occur, they tend not to be as severe. [44]

Attractions

Road in Shivering Sands wetland complex, January 1 Winter Road - Shivering Sands, Door Peninsula (32151198956).jpg
Road in Shivering Sands wetland complex, January 1

Today, most tourists and summer residents come from the metropolitan areas of Milwaukee, Chicago, Madison, Green Bay, and the Twin Cities, [45] although Illinois residents are the dominant group both in Door County and farther south along the eastern edge of Wisconsin. [46]

Recreational lands

View in August from the Potawatomi State Park Observation Tower. Potawatomi Tower View.jpg
View in August from the Potawatomi State Park Observation Tower.

Lands open to public use

Door County is home to six state parks: [47] [48] Newport State Park, Peninsula State Park, Potawatomi State Park, Whitefish Dunes State Park, Rock Island State Park, and Grand Traverse Island State Park. There are four State Wildlife and Fishery Areas [b] and also State Natural Areas that allow free public access. [49] [c] Additionally, Plum Island and Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge are seasonally open for public recreation. [50]

Waters

Lakes and ponds

Besides Lake Michigan and Green Bay, there are 26 lakes, ponds, or marshes and 37 rivers, creeks, streams, and springs in the county. [51] The two deepest lakes, Mackaysee Lake at 26 feet (8 m) and Krause Lake at 24 feet (7 m) are on Chambers Island. [52]

Living plant collections

Living plant collections include the orchid project at The Ridges Sanctuary [53] in Baileys Harbor and the U.S. Potato Genebank and a public garden in Sevastopol. [54] [55]

Animals

Unique vertebrates

Tamias striatus doorsiensis , a subspecies of eastern chipmunk, is only found in Door, Kewaunee, Northeastern Brown, and possibly Manitowoc counties. [56] In 1999, the Wisconsin Natural Heritage Inventory listed 24 aquatic and 21 terrestrial animals in Door County as "rare." [57]

Birds

As of 2018, 166 species of birds have been confirmed to live in Door County, excluding birds seen which lack the habitat to nest and must only be passing through. [58]

Other invertebrates

Kangaroo Lake State Natural Area has the largest breeding population of the endangered Hine's Emerald Dragonfly in the world. [59]

The Lake Huron locust lives on dunes in the county and is not found anywhere else in the state. [60]

Culture

Lighthouses and historical sites

Including both Lake Michigan and Green Bay shorelines, there are 50 total lights and lighthouses, besides lighted buoys. [61] Out of these, there are 10 historically significant lighthouse structures and sets of lights still serving as navigational lights. Most of them were built during the 19th century and are listed in the National Register of Historic Places: Baileys Harbor Range Lights, Cana Island Lighthouse, [62] Chambers Island Lighthouse, Eagle Bluff Lighthouse, Pilot Island Lighthouse, Plum Island Range Lights, [63] Pottawatomie Lighthouse, and Sturgeon Bay Canal Lighthouse. Other functioning historic lighthouses in the county include the Sherwood Point Lighthouse and the Sturgeon Bay Canal North Pierhead Light. [64] The Boyer Bluff Light is mounted on an 80-foot skeletal tower. [65] In addition, the Baileys Harbor Light is a non-functioning 19th century lighthouse. [64]

Thirteen historical sites are marked in the state maritime trail for the area [66] in addition to nine roadside historical markers. [67] In Sturgeon Bay, the tugboat John Purves is operated as a museum ship. Including lighthouses, the county has 72 properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places. There are 214 known confirmed and unconfirmed shipwrecks listed for the county, [68] including the SS Australasia, Christina Nilsson , Fleetwing , SS Frank O'Connor, Grape Shot , Green Bay , Hanover , Iris , SS Joys, SS Lakeland, Meridian , Ocean Wave , and Success . The SS Louisiana sank during the Great Lakes Storm of 1913. [69] Some shipwrecks are used for wreck diving. [70]

Scandinavian heritage

Chancel and altarpiece inside the stave church on Washington Island Washington Island Stavkirke chancel.jpg
Chancel and altarpiece inside the stave church on Washington Island

Scandinavian heritage-related attractions include The Clearing Folk School, two stave churches, [71] structures in Rock Island State Park furnished with rune-inscribed furniture, [72] and Al Johnson's Swedish Restaurant, which features goats on its grassy roof. In Ephraim, the Village Hall, the Moravian and Lutheran churches, and the Peter Peterson House are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, as is the L. A. Larson & Co. Store building in Sturgeon Bay. Although fish boils have been attributed to Scandinavian tradition, [73] several ethnicities present on the peninsula have traditions of boiling fish. The method common in the county is similar to that of Native Americans. [74] [d]

Industry

In Sturgeon Bay, industrial tourism includes tours of the Bay Shipbuilding Company, [75] CenterPointe Yacht Services [76] [77] and other manufacturers. [78]

Radio stations

Economy

Door County's economy is considered a "forestry-related tourism"-based economy. [79] In 2020, the total gross domestic product (GDP) of the county was $1.39 billion, with the $274 million manufacturing industry overtaking real estate and rental and leasing that year to become the leading industry in the county at 19.7% of the overall GDP. [80]

Transportation

Land

According to the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT), in 2021 Door County had 1,270 miles (2,040 km) of roadways. [81]

Door County Coastal Byway March 2011.jpg
WIS 57 in March (here concurrent with the Door County National Scenic Byway)
Gill's Rock on Highway 42.jpg
WIS 42 near Gills Rock in October

The combined WIS 42/WIS 57 separates again at a junction in Sevastapol. Following this separation, WIS 42 continues along the western side of the peninsula and sees more traffic than WIS 57, [82] which continues along the eastern side. The two highways combine again at a junction in Liberty Grove.

There are five rustic roads in the county. [85] In addition to state-recognized rustic roads, Liberty Grove manages a heritage roads program. As of 2019 there were 12 heritage roads in the town. [86]

There are 230.8 miles (371.4 km) [87] of snowmobile trails, [88] [89] which are opened as trails are groomed. [90]

Non-motorized

  • The Ahnapee State Trail connects Sturgeon Bay to Kewaunee, winter snowmobile access is dependent on weather and trail grooming. [91] Although the Ice Age Trail coincides with most of the Ahnapee State Trail, the Ice Age Trail forks away in the City of Sturgeon Bay and reaches its northern terminus at Potawatomi State Park. [92] Mountain bike trails are located in three of the state parks. [93] [94]
  • WIS 42 and WIS 57 are part of the Lake Michigan Circle Tour. [95]
  • Egg Harbor operates a free public bicycle-sharing system, limited to daylight hours within the village during the tourist season. [96]

Bridges across Sturgeon Bay

  • Sturgeon Bay Bridge (also called Michigan Street Bridge), truss structure, Scherzer-type, double-leaf, rolling-lift bascule with overhead counter-weights [97]
  • Oregon Street Bridge (reinforced concrete slab, rolling lift bascule girder with mechanical driven center locks) [98]
  • Bayview Bridge (monolithic concrete placed on structural deck with steel girder superstructure, open grating on deck, bascule) [99]

Ground transportation

A daily private shuttle service operates between Green Bay–Austin Straubel International Airport and Sturgeon Bay. [100] The nearest intercity bus stop with regular service is in Green Bay. [101] There are multiple private and public ground transportation services within the county, but none with regularly scheduled stops for the general public. [102] [103]

Air

There are eleven airports in the county, including private or semi-public airports.

Ferry Robert Noble serving Washington Island and Northport RobertNoble.jpg
Ferry Robert Noble serving Washington Island and Northport

Water

Ferries

  • Washington Island is served by two ferry routes operating between the Door Peninsula and Detroit Harbor. One route is a 30-minute ride on a freight, automobile, and passenger ferry that departs from the Northport Pier at the northern terminus of WIS 42. This ferry makes approximately 225,000 trips per year. [100] Another route is a 20- minute ride on a passenger-only ferry which departs from the unincorporated community of Gills Rock. [114]
  • Rock Island State Park is reachable by the passenger ferry Karfi from Washington Island. [115] During winter Rock Island is potentially accessible via snowmobile and foot traffic.
  • Although Chambers Island has no regularly scheduled ferry, there are boat operators which transport people to the island on call from Fish Creek.

Boat ramps and marinas

Population and its health

Population structures,
1930–2010
Door County Age Distribution, 1930-1960.jpg
DoorCounty1970Population.svg
USA Door County, Wisconsin age pyramid.svg
DoorCounty2010Population.svg

Demographics

2020 census

As of the census of 2020, [119] the population was 30,066. The population density was 62.4 people per square mile (24.1 people/km2). There were 23,738 housing units at an average density of 49.3 units per square mile (19.0 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 92.3% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 1.6% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 3.8% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 Census

As of the 2000 census, [120] there were 27,961 people, 11,828 households, and 7,995 families residing in the county. The population density was 58 people per square mile (22 people/km2). [121] There were 19,587 housing units at an average density of 41 units per square mile (16 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 97.84% White, 0.19% Black or African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. 0.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 39.4% were of German and 10.3% Belgian ancestry. A small pocket of Walloon speakers forms the only Walloon-language region outside of Wallonia and its immediate neighbors. [122] [123]

Out of a total of 11,828 households, 58.10% were married couples living together, 6.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 28.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.84. [124]

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1860 2,948—
1870 4,91966.9%
1880 11,645136.7%
1890 15,08229.5%
1900 17,58316.6%
1910 18,7116.4%
1920 19,0731.9%
1930 18,182−4.7%
1940 19,0955.0%
1950 20,8709.3%
1960 20,685−0.9%
1970 20,106−2.8%
1980 25,02924.5%
1990 25,6902.6%
2000 27,9618.8%
2010 27,785−0.6%
2020 30,0668.2%
U.S. Decennial Census [125]
1790–1960 [126] 1900–1990 [127]
1990–2000 [128] 2010 [129] 2020 [2]

For every 100 females there were 97.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.50 males. 22.10% of the population was under the age of 18, [130] a decrease from 25.9% being under the age of 18 in the 1990 census. [131] ) Additionally, 6.10% were aged from 18 to 24, 25.40% from 25 to 44, and 27.70% from 45 to 64. [130]

The Jacksonport site of Stella Maris Catholic Parish, a six-point parish in the northern part of the county Stella Maris Catholic Parish.jpg
The Jacksonport site of Stella Maris Catholic Parish, a six-point parish in the northern part of the county

Crime

In 2020, there were 208 felony cases prosecuted by the county, [87] up from 195 cases in 2019 and 171 in 2018. No trials were held concerning any of the felony cases in 2020. [87] In 2019, 3 cases went to trial, down from 6 in 2018. [133]

The county has been a focus of sex-trafficking enforcement efforts. [134] From 2015 to 2020 there were no reports of sex-trafficking in the county. [135]

In 2014, the voluntary intoxication defense in Wisconsin was repealed due to outcry following its use during a trial in Door County. Initially the trial ended with a hung jury but a retrial resulted in a conviction. [136] [137]

Communities

Towns in 1915; the borders remain the same today except for annexations by the City of Sturgeon Bay and the four villages. Travel Map of Door County Wisconsin.jpg
Towns in 1915; the borders remain the same today except for annexations by the City of Sturgeon Bay and the four villages.

Incorporated communities

City

Villages

Towns

Unincorporated communities

Census-designated places

Former communities

Absorbed into Sturgeon Bay

Sites used as parks

Adjacent counties

By land

In Green Bay

Along the Rock Island Passage

In Lake Michigan

Notable people

Politics

The county had voted for the winning candidate in every presidential election since 1996, up until 2024. President Clinton was the last candidate, up until 2024, to win nationally without carrying Door County in the 1992 presidential election. Donald Trump in the 2024 election also failed to win Door County, while winning the national election. [151] [152]

Up until the 2022 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Door County had voted Republican since the 2010 gubernatorial election.

United States presidential election results for Door County, Wisconsin [153] [154]
(2024 unofficial)
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
2024 10,09948.22%10,56550.44%2801.34%
2020 9,75248.48%10,04449.93%3211.60%
2016 8,58048.77%8,01445.55%9985.67%
2012 8,12145.96%9,35752.95%1931.09%
2008 7,11240.68%10,14258.02%2271.30%
2004 8,91050.94%8,36747.84%2141.22%
2000 7,81051.31%6,56043.10%8505.58%
1996 4,94840.39%5,59045.63%1,71313.98%
1992 5,46839.69%4,73534.37%3,57425.94%
1988 6,90755.60%5,42543.67%900.72%
1984 8,26467.35%3,91631.91%910.74%
1980 7,17055.23%4,96138.21%8516.56%
1976 6,55757.43%4,55339.88%3072.69%
1972 6,50364.25%3,43033.89%1881.86%
1968 5,64763.34%2,72830.60%5416.07%
1964 4,28949.22%4,41650.68%90.10%
1960 5,79061.50%3,61038.35%140.15%
1956 6,72277.96%1,85921.56%410.48%
1952 7,62180.82%1,79018.98%190.20%
1948 4,91165.84%2,44032.71%1081.45%
1944 5,66868.25%2,59931.29%380.46%
1940 5,46166.11%2,75033.29%490.59%
1936 3,14641.05%3,95251.57%5667.39%
1932 2,48836.95%4,14961.61%971.44%
1928 3,63659.28%2,45640.04%420.68%
1924 1,89138.56%2354.79%2,77856.65%
1920 3,81788.34%3858.91%1192.75%
1916 1,65656.25%1,20440.90%842.85%
1912 1,16741.15%76927.12%90031.73%
1908 2,46373.88%77823.34%932.79%
1904 2,68980.51%51515.42%1364.07%
1900 2,36276.29%67421.77%601.94%
1896 2,40271.30%89526.57%722.14%
1892 1,59658.18%1,00736.71%1405.10%

Explanatory notes

  1. ↑ See the 1899 rail map.
  2. ↑ Gardner Swamp Wildlife Area, Mud Lake Wildlife Area, Reibolts Creek Public Access, and Schuyler Creek State Fishery Area
  3. ↑ Access to SNAs depends on ownership, but most are free and open to the public. Complex ownership complicates a straightforward listing of the parks, as besides the land trust, the Nature Conservancy manages five preserves in the county.
  4. ↑ For a description of Belgian acculturation towards Native Americans, see The Walloon Immigrants Of Northeast Wisconsin An Examination Of Ethnic Retention by Jacqueline Tinkler, MA Thesis, UT-Arlington, May 2013, pp. 26–27 (pp. 33–34 of the pdf)
  5. ↑ The other five private airports:
    • Forscoro Airport, Forestville
    • Hill Road Airport, Sister Bay [109]
    • Mick Schier Field Airport, Namur [110]
    • Mave's Lakeview Road Airport, Ellison Bay [111]
    • Sunny Slope Runway Airport, Egg Harbor [112]
  6. ↑ This ferry is named after Robert Noble, who was a shipwreck survivor and 19th century ferry operator across Sturgeon Bay. [113]

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Rock Island is a mostly wooded island off the tip of Wisconsin's Door Peninsula at the mouth of Green Bay, in Door County, Wisconsin. The 974.87-acre (394.5 ha) island is approximately 1.6 miles (2.6 km) long and 1.1 miles (1.8 km) wide. It rises to 65 meters above Lake Michigan, making it the highest in elevation out of all the Potawatomi Islands. It is almost entirely owned by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, which maintains Rock Island State Park. It is the northernmost part of the town of Washington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wisconsin Highway 57</span> State highway in Wisconsin, United States

Wisconsin Highway 57 is a 191.82-mile-long (308.70 km) state highway in Wisconsin, United States. It runs from its southern terminus at WIS 59 in Milwaukee to its northern terminus at WIS 42 in Sister Bay. Much of WIS 57 parallels Interstate 43 (I-43) and WIS 42, particularly from Saukville to its northern terminus in Sister Bay. The highway runs concurrently with I-43 for 12 miles (19 km) in Ozaukee County. Like most Wisconsin state highways, WIS 57 is maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Detroit Island</span> American island in Lake Michigan

Detroit Island is an island in Lake Michigan in the southern part of the town of Washington in Door County, Wisconsin, United States. The island has a land area of 2.578 km2, out of which 27.6% is open to the public. The northern end of the island borders the waters of Detroit Harbor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peninsula State Park</span> State park in Door County, Wisconsin

Peninsula State Park is a 3,776-acre (1,528 ha) Wisconsin state park with eight miles (13 km) of Green Bay shoreline in Door County. Peninsula is the third largest state park in Wisconsin and is visited by an estimated one million visitors annually.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Newport State Park</span> State Park in Wisconsin, United States

Newport State Park is a 2,373-acre (960 ha) Wisconsin state park at the tip of Door Peninsula near Europe Lake. Protecting 11 miles (18 km) of shoreline on Lake Michigan, Newport is Wisconsin's only wilderness-designated state park. The park is open year-round and can be accessed via WIS 42.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geography of Wisconsin</span>

Wisconsin, a state in the Midwestern United States, has a vast and diverse geography famous for its landforms created by glaciers during the Wisconsin glaciation 17,000 years ago. The state can be generally divided into five geographic regions—Lake Superior Lowland, Northern Highland, Central Plain, Eastern Ridges & Lowlands, and Western Upland. The southwestern part of the state, which was not covered by glaciers during the most recent ice age, is known as the Driftless Area. The Wisconsin glaciation formed the Wisconsin Dells, Devil's Lake, and the Baraboo Range. A number of areas are protected in the state, including Devil's Lake State Park, the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, and the Chequamegon–Nicolet National Forest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potawatomi State Park</span> State park in Wisconsin, United States

Potawatomi State Park is a 1,225-acre (496 ha) Wisconsin state park northwest of the city of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin in the Town of Nasewaupee. It is located in Door County along Sturgeon Bay, a bay within the bay of Green Bay. Potawatomi State Park was established in 1928.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Lakes Circle Tour</span> Scenic drive

The Great Lakes Circle Tour is a designated scenic road system connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. It consists of routes for circumnavigating the lakes, either individually or collectively. It was designated by the Great Lakes Commission in 1988.

The flora of Door County, Wisconsin comprise a variety of plant species. Geobotanically, Door County belongs to the North American Atlantic Region.

References

  1. ↑ Robertson, Jim (March 4, 1969). "Our own story: It's here and It's delicious". Door County Advocate. Vol. 107, no. 99. p. 1.
  2. 1 2 "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
  3. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ↑ "Wisconsin: Individual County Chronologies". Wisconsin Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2007. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
  5. ↑ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. p.  108 . Retrieved May 7, 2018– via Internet Archive.
  6. ↑ Kohl, Cris; Forsberg, Joan. Shipwrecks at Death's Door. p. 10.
  7. ↑ Eaton, Conan Bryant (1980). Death's Door: The Pursuit of a Legend (Revised ed.). Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin: Bayprint. p. 22.
  8. ↑ Holand, Hjalmar (1917). History of Door County Wisconsin, The County Beautiful. Chicago: S. J. Clarke. p. 77.
  9. 1 2 3 "Chapter 3: Historical and Cultural Resources". Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030 (PDF). Vol. II, Resource Report. Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County. pp. 19–20. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
  10. 1 2 Historical Records Survey, Division of Women's and Professional Projects (1938). Inventory of the Church Archives of Wisconsin: Moravian Church. Works Progress Administration. p. 21. and Holand, Hjalmar R. (1917). "Chapter XXXIV: Ephraim". History of Door County, Wisconsin. Chicago: S. J. Clarke.
  11. ↑ "On Islands, Lighthouses, & The Keeper of the Light on Pilot Island: Martin Nicolai Knudsen; 'A Gleam Across the Wave'". Norbert Blei Door County Times. December 20, 2006. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007.
  12. ↑ Hale, James B. (1996). Going For The Mail: A History Of Door County Post Offices. Green Bay, Wisconsin: Brown County Historical Society.
  13. ↑ Soucek, G. (2011). Door County Tales: Shipwrecks, Cherries and Goats on the Roof. American Chronicles. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN   978-1-61423-383-1 . Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  14. ↑ Lott, Katie (May 1, 2009). "Southern Door County's Belgian Wayside Chapels". Door County Living. Retrieved January 22, 2019. "Where to Find Belgian Chapels in Door County". Door County Visitor Bureau. Retrieved January 22, 2019. "Wisconsin Belgian Roadside Chapels" (Map). Google Maps .
  15. ↑ Holand, Hjalmar Rued (1933). "Chapter VII: Belgian Characteristics and Customs" (PDF). Wisconsin's Belgian community: an account of the early events in the Belgian settlement in northeastern Wisconsin with particular reference to the Belgians in Door County. pp. 82 ff. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. See also the Table of Contents for the entire book.
  16. ↑ Powell, J. W.; Royce, Charles C.; Thomas, Cyrus (1899). "Wisconsin 1" (Map). Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology: 1896-97, Part 2. 1:2,217,600. Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission. p. 728.
  17. ↑ "Door County Survey Notes". Wisconsin Board of Commissioners of Public Lands.
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  19. ↑ "Fifty Cents an Acre". Door County Advocate. Vol. 76, no. 3. March 26, 1937. p. 4. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  20. ↑ Holand, Hjalmar R. (March 26, 1937). "County Had 3,000 people in 1862; Sturgeon Bay, a Settlement of 30 Homes". Door County Advocate. Vol. 76, no. 3. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  21. ↑ Moran, Joseph M.; Somerville, E. Lee (1990). Tornadoes of Fire at Williamsonville, Wisconsin, October 8, 1871 (PDF). Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
  22. ↑ Skiba, Justin (September 2, 2016). "The Fire That Took Williamsonville". Door County Living. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  23. ↑ "Tornado Memorial Park" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020. kiosk historical notes, also see "County C Park and Ride lot panel draft" (PDF). p. 19. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  24. ↑ Transportation Profile Draft (PDF). Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030 Transportation Advisory Workgroup. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
  25. ↑ "Station Sturgeon Bay Canal, Wisconsin" (PDF). U.S. Coast Guard History Program. United States Coast Guard. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2008. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
  26. ↑ "USCG Station Washington Island" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2012. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  27. ↑ Wiley, Charles Frederick (1990). Did You Get the Eagle, Mr. Moss? A Memoir of Ephraim Summers. Sister Bay, Wisconsin: Wm Caxton. pp. 34 and 109.
  28. ↑ Wiley (1990) , pp. 110–115.
  29. ↑ Nolen, John (1909). State parks for Wisconsin. Report of John Nolen, Landscape Architect, With Letter of Transmittal by State Park Board. p. 31.
  30. ↑ Schuknecht, Roy J. (May–June 1921). "Wisconsin's Wonderland". See America First Magazine. Vol. 7, no. 4. p. 103.
  31. ↑ Ellis, William S. (March 1969). "Wisconsin's Door Peninsula 'A Kingdom So Delicious'". National Geographic. p. 350.
  32. ↑ Bureau of Environmental Impact (June 1978). "Recreational Demand". Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Acquisition, Development and Management of Grand Traverse Islands State Park, Door County Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. p. 35.
  33. ↑ "Appendix E, Bay Shore County Park 4(f)/6(4) Evaluation, Purpose and Need for Proposed Action, Part C. Need for the Action". Final Environmental Impact Statement, Project I.D. 1480-04/08-00, STH 57, STH 54 - STH 42 Brown, Kewaunee and Door Counties. December 3, 1998. p. 10.
  34. ↑ Hodges, Heidi & Steebs, Kathy (2018). Hidden History of Sturgeon Bay. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. p. 113. ISBN   9781467119702.
  35. ↑ "Door County and Jingdezhen, China: Sister Cities". Door County Living. July 1, 2004. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
  36. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  37. ↑ STARR Partners (February 2013). "Appendix F, Kewaunee, Door, and Brown County, Section I.IV.i.7, Shoreline Information" (PDF). Discovery Report. Federal Emergency Management Agency Region V. Shoreline: pp. 18–19; Flood insurance: p. 30.
  38. ↑ Wardius, K.; Wardius, B. (2013). Wisconsin Lighthouses: A Photographic and Historical Guide, Revised Edition. Wisconsin Historical Society Press. pp. 100–25. ISBN   978-0-87020-610-8 . Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  39. ↑ Dunphy, Maureen (2016). "Washington Island, Wisconsin". Great Lakes Island Escapes. Wayne State University Press. p. 64.
  40. ↑ Bertrand, Gerard; Lang, Jean; Ross, John (January 1976). "Section 6.1: Early History". The Green Bay Watershed: Past/Present/Future. Technical report / University of Wisconsin—Madison Sea Grant Program; no.29. University of Wisconsin Sea Grant College Program. p. 142. Technical Report #229.
  41. ↑ "Chapter 2". City of Sturgeon Bay Comprehensive Plan Update (PDF). 2010. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
  42. ↑ "Meridian County Park". Door County Parks. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  43. ↑ "Meridian County Park and Harter-Matter Sanctuary Map and trail guide" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
  44. ↑ Potter, Brian E.; Cate, Thomas W. (1999). A Climatology of Late-spring Freezes in the Northeastern United States (PDF). United States Forest Service. p. 2. General Technical Report NC - 204. Also see maps on pp. 15 and 29.
  45. ↑ Lyttle, Bethany (September 11, 2008). "The Cape Cod of the Midwest". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2008.
  46. ↑ Rebecca L. Schewe; Donald R. Field; Deborah J. Frosch; Gregory Clendenning; Dana Jensen (May 15, 2012). Condos in the Woods: The Growth of Seasonal and Retirement Homes in Northern Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 22–. ISBN   978-0-299-28533-3.
  47. ↑ Federal lawmakers have spent billions in the wake of the pandemic to get Americans high-speed internet. And they want to spend much more. by Sarah Ewall-Wice, CBS News May 21, 2021
  48. ↑ Article posted Thursday, March 6, 2014 10:36am by Jim Lundstrom, Peninsula Pulse, March 6, 2014
  49. ↑ Wisconsin DNR. "Door". State natural areas by county. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  50. ↑ Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge Hunt, Fish & Public Use Regulations 2021-2022, USFWS (Archived February 23, 2022)
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  52. ↑ Before They're Gone by Roy Lukes, Wisconsin Natural Resources, May–June 1986, Volume 10, Number 3, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, page 8
  53. ↑ "Orchid Restoration Work at The Ridges". Door County Pulse. January 20, 2017.
  54. ↑ Jones, Gary (September 16, 2009). "Door County's Potato Genebank". Door County Pulse. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  55. ↑ The Garden Door Fact Sheet by the Door County Master Gardeners Association, Accessed December 18, 2019
  56. ↑ Tales of the wild: a year with nature by Roy Lukes (entry on worldcat.org), Egg Harbor, Wisconsin: Nature-Wise, 2000, p. 73
  57. ↑ Door County Soil and Water Conservation Department (June 27, 1999). "Figure 11 General Distribution of Rare Species and Habitats in Door County, p. 62 of the pdf" (PDF). Surface Water Inventory of Door County. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  58. ↑ Nick Anich (October 2, 2018). "Season 4 Preliminary Results and Stats". UWGB Cofrin Center for Biodiversity. Retrieved January 22, 2019. and "Wisconsin Breeding Bird Atlas". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
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  60. ↑ Scholtens, Brian G.; Reznik, Joseph; Holland, Janet (2005). "Factors affecting the distribution of the threatened Lake Huron locust (Orthoptera: Acrididae)]" (PDF). Journal of Orthoptera Research. Vol. 14, no. 1. p. 47. doi:10.1665/1082-6467(2005)14[45:FATDOT]2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2020.
  61. ↑ Light List, Volume VII: Great Lakes Archived January 31, 2022, at the Wayback Machine , United States Coast Guard, 33 of the lights are listed from pages 187–191 (pages 243–247 of the pdf); 17 of them are listed from pages 195–198 (pages 251–254 of the pdf), 2022
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  63. ↑ Women Learn Life Skills While Preserving Maritime Landmarks by Joel Waldinger, October 15, 2015, Wisconsin Life, PBS
  64. 1 2 More Door County Lighthouses Archived May 7, 2018, at the Wayback Machine . Door County Maritime Museum and Wisconsin Coastal Lighthouses Tour electronic map, Wisconsin Coastal Management Program
  65. ↑ Boyer Bluff (Wisconsin), United States Lighthouse Society
  66. ↑ Maritime Trail video, July 15, 2011, Explore the Door, Door County Visitor Bureau and also see the Maritime trail markers for Door County listed by the Maritime Preservation Program of the Wisconsin Historical Society
  67. ↑ Official List of Wisconsin's State Historic Markers by the Wisconsin Historical Society, June 2019, and Wisconsin Historical Marker, electronic map, Wisconsin Historical Society
  68. ↑ "Shipwrecks - Upper Lake Michigan - WI Shipwrecks". www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org.
  69. ↑ Photos: The Deadly Great Lakes 'Hurricane' of 1913 by Stephanie Lecci & Mitch Teich, November 7, 2013, WUWM 89.7 Milwaukee's NPR
  70. ↑ Guide to Door County Shore Dives by Chuck Larsen and Wisconsin's Door County Full of Treasures for Scuba Divers by Brian E. Clark, July 7, 2012, updated November 9, 2015, Twin Cities Pioneer Press
  71. ↑ The Björklunden stave church is called Boynton Chapel and it is just south of Baileys Harbor. The Washington Island Stavkirke is part of and adjacent to Trinity Lutheran Church on Washington Island.
  72. ↑ Whisked Away to Rock Island by Benson Gardner, Portal Wisconsin, 2010; the page links to a panoramic tour of the boathouse
  73. ↑ In The Upper Midwest, Summertime Means Fish Boils by Amanda Vinicky, The Salt, section on npr.org, August 18, 2015; also see Joy Marquardt. "Fish boils serve up food, fun". Wausau Daily Herald, August 31, 2016.
  74. ↑ Sagamité and Booya: French Influence in Defining Great Lakes Culinary Heritage by Janet C. Gilmore in Material History Review 60 (Fall 2004) and "Pretty Hungry For Fish": Fish Foodways Among Commercial Fishing People of the Western Shore of Lake Michigan's Green Bay by Janet C. Gilmore, in Midwestern folklore. v.28–29 2002–2003, p. 46 (page 158 of the pdf)
  75. ↑ Wisconsin Life # 701: Headfirst, October 3, 2019, hosted by Angela Fitzgerald, PBS
  76. ↑ Duct Tape Guys Tour Palmer Johnson Yacht Company, Ultimate Originals television show pilot
  77. ↑ Public offered rare opportunity to tour Sturgeon Bay shipyards, Staff Report, April 25, 2019, Door County Advocate
  78. ↑ Industrial Park Opens for Manufacturing Days by Jim Lundstrom, Peninsula Pulse, October 13, 2017
  79. ↑ Shields, Martin; Deller, Steven C. (October 1996). "Clustering Wisconsin Counties for Analytical Comparisons". University of Wisconsin-Madison. pp. 11, 16. CCED Staff Paper 96.7.
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  81. ↑ Door Co. (PDF) (Map). 1:100,000. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. January 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
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  83. ↑ Door County Coastal Byway Map (PDF) (Map). Door County Visitor Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 5, 2016.
  84. ↑ Peterson, Eric (June 17, 2021). "Door County Dedicates National Scenic Byway Designation". Green Bay: WLUK-TV.
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  86. ↑ "Heritage Road Information". Town of Liberty Grove. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
  87. 1 2 3 County of Door 2020 Annual Reports. pp. 17, 18, 32, 50.
  88. ↑ Map of Snowmobile Trails in Door County (PDF) (Map).
  89. ↑ Snowmobile Trails Tour. Explore the Door. Door County Visitor Bureau. July 15, 2011 – via YouTube.
  90. ↑ "Door County Winter Snow Report". Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
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  92. ↑ Ice Age National Scenic Trail Hiker Resource Map (Map). and Door County (South) Wisconsin Bicycle Map by the Wisconsin Bike Fed and the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, 2020
  93. ↑ Wisconsin Bike Fed (2020). Door County (North) Wisconsin Bicycle Map (PDF) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
  94. ↑ Wisconsin Bike Fed (2020). Door County (South) Wisconsin Bicycle Map (PDF) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
  95. ↑ "Lake Michigan Circle Tour". Great Lakes Circle Tour.
  96. ↑ Green Tier Legacy Community 2018 Annual Report (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2021.
  97. ↑ URS Corporation (July 2007). Feasibility Study for Remote Control of Movable Bridges in Sturgeon Bay (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2022.
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  100. 1 2 "Chapter 7: Transportation" (PDF). Door County Comprehensive Plan, 2030. Vol. II, Resource Report. October 27, 2009. p. 176, Table 7.6: Transportation Service Providers, Door County. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 10, 2019.
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  103. ↑ Busch, Pam; Goode, Mariah; Kerwin, Rebecca (2020). Door County Coordinated Public Transportation Plan 2021–2024. Door County Transportation and Land Use Services Departments. Table in Appendix B: Door County Transportation Providers and Services, pp. 16–18.
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  106. ↑ "Crispy Cedars Airport". Airport-Data.com.
  107. ↑ Grota Nordahl, Karen (May 1, 2010). "Changes and Constants in Health Care Delivery". Door County Living.
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  117. ↑ Wisconsin DNR interactive boating map (Map).
  118. ↑ Wisconsin's Lake Michigan Water Trail Project: Inventory and Analysis of Access Sites in Support of a Lake Michigan Water Trail (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. December 2011. pp. 13–23. Also see Map 3, Map 4, Map 5, and the electronic Lake Michigan State Water Trail map
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  129. ↑ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
  130. 1 2 Wisconsin: 2000 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, November 2002, US Census Bureau, pages 10–11 (pages 23–24 of the pdf)
  131. ↑ Table 1. Summary of General Characteristics of Persons: 1990, p. 20 of the pdf
  132. ↑ Stella Maris Parish website, About Us: Locations, accessed December 14, 2019
  133. ↑ County of Door 2019 Annual Reports. pp. 17, 40.
  134. ↑ Levendusky, Roger (September 15, 2017). "Door County Part of Targeted Sex Trafficking Stings". WDOR.
  135. ↑ "UCR Offense Data". Wisconsin Department of Justice.
  136. ↑ Larson, Storm (February 12, 2019). "Due Process and the Involuntary Intoxication Defense". Wisconsin Lawyer.
  137. ↑ Antinori, Shannon (April 17, 2014). "Plainfield Family Wins Fight Against Drunk-Defense Law". Patch.com.
  138. ↑ Steebs, Keta (December 30, 1970). "Newport state park has vague but fascinating past". Door County Advocate. p. 4. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  139. ↑ Steebs, Keta (January 5, 1971). "Newport's future hinged on one man's 'maybe' dreams". Door County Advocate. p. 4. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  140. ↑ Steebs, Keta (October 5, 1971). "Unforgettable sights met site's rescue team". Door County Advocate. Vol. 110, no. 57. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  141. ↑ Steebs, Keta (October 7, 1971). "Human spirit perseveres after great fire of 1871". Door County Advocate. Vol. 110, no. 58. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  142. ↑ "Night Appeared Day as Local Residents Watched Great Fire Roar Toward Village". Door County Advocate. Vol. 99, no. 59. October 10, 1960. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  143. ↑ Maps of borders along county waters are available on the Selection Map at data.census.gov
  144. ↑ "Robert C. Bassett". Arlington National Cemetery. Archived from the original on February 1, 2020. Bassett, who was born in Sturgeon Bay on March 2, 1911
  145. ↑ Costello, Rory. "Gene Brabender". Society for American Baseball Research.
  146. ↑ Johnson, Robert (November 16, 2018). "Traveling Back: In 2003, Door County Was 'Football Capital of the World'". Green Bay Press-Gazette.
  147. ↑ Pajot, Dennis. "Henry Killilea". Society for American Baseball Research.
  148. ↑ Christl, Cliff (May 6, 2015). "Five Worst Fires in Packers History". Green Bay Packers.
  149. ↑ Uncovering Thomas Minar: A lifetime of achievement destroyed by consequences of hidden life by Isaac Gleitz, The Statehouse File, March 18, 2022
  150. ↑ Commemorative biographical record of the counties of Brown, Kewaunee and Door, Wisconsin, and containing biographical sketches of prominent and representative citizens, and of many of the early settled families, Chicago: J. H. Beers, 1895, page 494
  151. ↑ "Wisconsin Presidential Election Results". The New York Times. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
  152. ↑ "Presidential Election Results: Trump Wins". The New York Times. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
  153. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  154. ↑ https://www.co.door.wi.gov/DocumentCenter/View/8556/Election-Summary-Report-11-5-24pdf

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