Location | Plum Island, Door County, US |
---|---|
Coordinates | 45°18′29″N86°57′29″W / 45.308°N 86.958°W |
Tower | |
Constructed | 1896 |
Plum Island Range rear light | |
Constructed | 1896 |
Construction | concrete (foundation), iron (tower) |
Automated | 1960s |
Height | 20 m (66 ft) |
Shape | skeletal [1] [2] [3] |
Markings | KRW [4] |
Heritage | National Register of Historic Places listed place |
First lit | 1897 |
Focal height | 24 m (79 ft) |
Lens | fourth order Fresnel lens |
Range | 14 nmi (26 km; 16 mi) |
Characteristic | F R |
Plum Island Range Rear Light | |
Nearest city | Gills Rock,Wisconsin |
Area | 0.5 acres (0.20 ha) |
MPS | U.S. Coast Guard Lighthouses and Light Stations on the Great Lakes TR |
NRHP reference No. | 84003659 [5] |
Added to NRHP | July 19,1984 |
Plum Island Range front light | |
Constructed | 1896 |
First lit | 1897 |
The Plum Island Range Lights are a pair of range lights located on Plum Island in Door County,Wisconsin. Plum Island was transferred to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 2007 and became part of the Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Plum Island is seasonally open to the public for day-time use.
Plum Island is an island at the western shore of Lake Michigan in the southern part of the town of Washington in Door County,Wisconsin,United States. Plum Island is physically located between the mainland of Door County and Washington Island,in the channel known as Death's Door due to the large number of shipwrecks in the channel. [6]
A lighthouse was first built on Plum Island in 1849,but was abandoned in 1858 and the light moved to nearby Pilot Island. [7]
The front and rear range lights were built at the same time as the United States Life-Saving Station that was established on Plum Island in 1895-6,though the two stations would be separately administered until the US Lighthouse Service and USCG merged in 1939. [7] The lights were originally lit in 1897 and are 1,650 feet (500 m) apart,aligned on a 330°bearing line to guide boats safely into the Porte des Morts Passage. The Plum Island front range light was originally identical to the front range light of the Baileys Harbor Range Lights,but was replaced by a modern skeletal light in 1964 and both lights were automated in 1969. [7] The rear range light is the original tower and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984,as the Plum Island Range Rear Light,reference number #84003659. The front light is directional,aligned on 330.5°true. The rear light is omnidirectional and is powered by an LED light. The original 4th order Fresnel lens was removed from the tower in 2015 and is on display at the Death's Door Maritime Museum in Gills Rock,WI. [8]
Nearby Pilot Island and Plum Island were two of four Wisconsin properties turned over by the U.S. Coast Guard to the United States Bureau of Land Management. Large expenses for toxic waste-site environmental remediation were an impediment to transfers and restoration of the Plum Island site. [9] Both islands were finally transferred to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 2007 and became part of the Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge. [10] Significant numbers of nesting colonial birds are found on the islands. [11]
The lighthouse keeper's house and Coast Guard station were listed as being among Wisconsin's ten most endangered historic properties in April 2000. [9] [12] [13] All of the maritime structures on Plum Island were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. [14] The Friends of Plum and Pilot Islands,Inc. have partnered with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to restore the life-saving station and range lights on Plum Island. [10]
Upon taking control of the island, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service initially closed Plum Island to public access to "ensure necessary protection of ground nesting migratory birds." [15] The island was opened to the public for seasonal day-time use in 2017. The island can be visited by private boat, kayak, or limited ferry from Gills Rock. Multiple hiking trails are available, however, buildings on the island are not generally accessible. [16]
Pottawatomie Lighthouse, also known as the Rock Island Light, is a lighthouse in Rock Island State Park, on Rock Island in Door County, Wisconsin. Lit in 1836, it is the oldest light station in Wisconsin and on Lake Michigan. It was served by civilian light keepers from 1836 to 1946, at which point it was automated.
Kenosha Light is a lighthouse and keeper's house on Simmons Island north of the channel into Kenosha's harbor in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, USA.
The Kenosha North Pier lighthouse or Kenosha Light is a lighthouse located in Kenosha, Wisconsin. "A typical 'Lake Michigan red tower'", it is a sibling to the Milwaukee Pierhead Light. This light was built in 1906 as a replacement for the old Kenosha Light. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
The Baileys Harbor Range Lights are a pair of lighthouses arranged in a range light configuration, located near Baileys Harbor in Door County, Wisconsin, United States.
The Cana Island lighthouse is a lighthouse located just north of Baileys Harbor in Door County, Wisconsin, United States.
The Baileys Harbor lighthouse is a lighthouse located near Baileys Harbor in Door County, Wisconsin.
The Chambers Island lighthouse is a lighthouse located on Chambers Island in Door County, Wisconsin. It was replaced in 1961 by a skeletal tower, visible for 12 nautical miles. The new light is identified by the USCG as 7-21895.
The Eagle Bluff Light, also known as Eagle Bluff lighthouse, or simply Eagle Bluff, is a lighthouse located near Ephraim in Peninsula State Park in Door County, Wisconsin. Construction was authorized in 1866, but the lighthouse was not actually built until 1868 at a cost of $12,000. It was automated in 1926. Restoration work began on the Eagle Bluff Light in 1960 and was completed in 1963, upon completion the Lighthouse was opened for tours. The lighthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
The Pilot Island Light is a lighthouse located near Gills Rock, on Pilot Island at the east end of Death's Door passage, in Door County, Wisconsin.
The Sherwood Point lighthouse is a lighthouse located near Idlewild in Door County, Wisconsin, United States.
The Sturgeon Bay Canal lighthouse is a lighthouse located at the Coast Guard station near Sturgeon Bay in Door County, Wisconsin.
The Sturgeon Bay Canal North Pierhead Light is a lighthouse located on Sturgeon Bay in Door County, Wisconsin.
The Algoma Light or Algoma Pierhead Light is a lighthouse located near Algoma in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin.
The Whitefish Point Light is a lighthouse located in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. Located on the southeastern shores of Lake Superior, it sits at the edge of Whitefish Point leading to Whitefish Bay. Constructed in 1849, it is the oldest operating lighthouse in the Upper Peninsula. All vessels entering or exiting Lake Superior pass near Whitefish Point. The area is infamously known as the "Graveyard of the Great Lakes" due to the high number of shipwrecks in the area, most famously the SS Edmund Fitzgerald.
Plum Island is an island in Lake Michigan in the southern part of the town of Washington in Door County, off the tip of the Door Peninsula in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The uninhabited island has a land area of 1.179 square kilometres (0.455 sq mi) or 117.87 hectares. Carp Lake is located on the northwestern side. During years when Lake Michigan's water levels are high, it is a lagoon of Lake Michigan, but it gets cut off as a separate lake during low water years.
Wind Point Lighthouse is a lighthouse located at the north end of Racine Harbor in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is in the village of Wind Point, Wisconsin, on Lighthouse Road, next to the Shoop Park golf course. The lighthouse stands 108 feet (33 m) tall. One of the oldest and tallest active lighthouses on the Great Lakes, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
The Milwaukee Pierhead Light is an active lighthouse located in the Milwaukee harbor, just south of downtown. This aid to navigation is a 'sister' of the Kenosha North Pier Light.
The Milwaukee Breakwater lighthouse was built in 1926 in the harbor of Milwaukee in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin to mark the entrance to the harbor. One of the last fully enclosed breakwater lighthouses in the Great Lakes, the structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.
Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States located in the state of Wisconsin. It includes five all or part of six islands in Lake Michigan: Hog Island, Plum Island, Pilot Island, part of St. Martin Island and Rocky Island. Additionally it includes part of Detroit Island. The islands are near Washington Island off the tip of the Door Peninsula of Wisconsin and the Garden Peninsula of Michigan.
The Wisconsin Islands Wilderness is a 29-acre (12 ha) wilderness area located in Door County in northeastern Wisconsin. It is one of the smallest wilderness areas in the United States. Managed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the wilderness area is composed of three islands in Lake Michigan.