1964 United States presidential election in Wisconsin

1964 United States presidential election in Wisconsin
Johnson 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% 90–100%	Goldwater 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% 90–100%
President before election; Lyndon B. Johnson ; Democratic	Elected President; Lyndon B. Johnson ; Democratic

Last updated August 21, 2024

The 1964 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 3, 1964, as part of 1964 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Politics in Wisconsin since the Populist movement had been dominated by the Republican Party,^[1] as the upper classes, along with the majority of workers who followed them, fled from William Jennings Bryan's agrarian and free silver sympathies.^[2] Competition between the "League" under Robert M. La Follette, and the conservative "Regular" faction^[3] would develop into the Wisconsin Progressive Party in the late 1930s, which was opposed to the conservative German Democrats and to the national Republican Party, and allied with Franklin D. Roosevelt at the federal level. During the two wartime elections, the formerly Democratic German counties in the east of the state – which had been powerfully opposed to the Civil War because they saw it as a "Yankee" war and opposed the military draft instituted during it^[4] – viewed Communism as a much greater threat to America than Nazism and consequently opposed President Roosevelt's war effort.^[5] Consequently, these historically Democratic counties became virtually the most Republican in the entire state, and became a major support base for populist conservative Senator Joe McCarthy, who became notorious for his investigations into Communists inside the American government. The state's populace's opposition to Communism and the Korean War turned Wisconsin strongly to Republican nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower in the 1952 and 1956 presidential elections.

The 1958 midterm elections, however, saw a major change in Wisconsin politics, as Gaylord A. Nelson became only the state's second Democratic Governor since 1895, and the state also elected Democrats to the position of treasurer and Senator, besides that party gaining a majority in the State Assembly for only the second time since the middle 1890s. They maintained a close balance in the early 1960s, signaling the state's transition to a swing state. During the Republican primaries, Wisconsin supported favorite son John W. Byrnes but no other state joined him. Ultimate Republican nominee Barry Goldwater considered Wisconsin a useful state to combine with his Southern and Western strategy for winning the presidency and directing the GOP away from the declining Yankee Northeast.^[6] The Republican would campaign in Wisconsin late in September, but met with severe hostility at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.^[7] Signs saying "Bring the Bomb—Back Barry" were common in Madison.

Background

In the 1958 election, Gaylord A. Nelson was elected as Wisconsin's second Democratic governor since 1895, and the state also elected Democrats to the position of treasurer and U.S. Senator, besides that party gaining a majority in the State Assembly for only the second time since the middle 1890s. They maintained a close balance in the early 1960s, signaling the state's transition to a swing state.^[8] The Republican would campaign in Wisconsin late in September, but met with severe hostility at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.^[9]

Campaign

George Wallace ran in the Democratic primary, but was defeated by Governor John W. Reynolds Jr., who served as a surrogate for Johnson.^[10]

Results

1964 United States presidential election in Wisconsin^[11]^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Electoral votes
	Democratic	Lyndon B. Johnson (incumbent)	1,050,424	62.09%	12
	Republican	Barry Goldwater	638,495	37.74%	0
	Socialist Workers ^{[lower-alpha 1]}	Clifton DeBerry	1,692	0.10%	0
	Socialist Labor ^{[lower-alpha 2]}	Eric Hass	1,204	0.07%	0
Totals			1,691,815	100.00%	12

Results by county

County^[11]^[12]	Lyndon B. Johnson Democratic		Barry Goldwater Republican		Clifton DeBerry Socialist Workers		Eric Hass Socialist Labor		Margin		Total votes cast
County^[11]^[12]	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	Total votes cast
Adams	2,262	64.83%	1,219	34.94%	3	0.09%	5	0.14%	1,043	29.89%	3,489
Ashland	5,383	70.91%	2,198	28.96%	6	0.08%	4	0.05%	3,185	41.95%	7,591
Barron	8,332	59.28%	5,701	40.56%	17	0.12%	6	0.04%	2,631	18.72%	14,056
Bayfield	3,875	67.08%	1,886	32.65%	14	0.24%	2	0.03%	1,989	34.43%	5,777
Brown	30,851	59.26%	21,134	40.59%	61	0.12%	18	0.03%	9,717	18.67%	52,064
Buffalo	3,663	63.60%	2,091	36.31%	5	0.09%	0	0.00%	1,572	27.29%	5,759
Burnett	2,921	65.45%	1,536	34.42%	5	0.11%	1	0.02%	1,385	31.03%	4,463
Calumet	5,356	57.75%	3,905	42.11%	10	0.11%	3	0.03%	1,451	15.64%	9,274
Chippewa	10,911	63.38%	6,277	36.46%	18	0.10%	8	0.05%	4,634	26.92%	17,214
Clark	7,781	61.25%	4,897	38.55%	16	0.13%	10	0.08%	2,884	22.70%	12,704
Columbia	10,093	61.66%	6,253	38.20%	17	0.10%	7	0.04%	3,840	23.46%	16,370
Crawford	3,930	58.98%	2,726	40.91%	4	0.06%	3	0.05%	1,204	18.07%	6,663
Dane	68,118	71.38%	27,124	28.42%	83	0.09%	101	0.11%	40,994	42.96%	95,426
Dodge	15,497	58.91%	10,772	40.95%	30	0.11%	9	0.03%	4,725	17.96%	26,308
Door	4,416	50.68%	4,289	49.22%	8	0.09%	1	0.01%	127	1.46%	8,714
Douglas	15,237	76.80%	4,579	23.08%	12	0.06%	11	0.06%	10,658	53.72%	19,839
Dunn	6,475	61.91%	3,964	37.90%	14	0.13%	5	0.05%	2,511	24.01%	10,458
Eau Claire	15,775	64.33%	8,700	35.48%	34	0.14%	12	0.05%	7,075	28.85%	24,521
Florence	1,029	63.25%	596	36.63%	1	0.06%	1	0.06%	433	26.62%	1,627
Fond du Lac	18,040	58.61%	12,708	41.29%	26	0.08%	4	0.01%	5,332	17.32%	30,778
Forest	2,479	69.79%	1,069	30.10%	3	0.08%	1	0.03%	1,410	39.69%	3,552
Grant	9,309	54.09%	7,872	45.74%	16	0.09%	14	0.08%	1,437	8.35%	17,211
Green	5,548	50.76%	5,364	49.08%	14	0.13%	3	0.03%	184	1.68%	10,929
Green Lake	3,893	50.12%	3,871	49.83%	2	0.03%	2	0.03%	22	0.29%	7,768
Iowa	4,620	58.43%	3,275	41.42%	9	0.11%	3	0.04%	1,345	17.01%	7,907
Iron	2,514	72.24%	963	27.67%	2	0.06%	1	0.03%	1,551	44.57%	3,480
Jackson	3,818	60.06%	2,532	39.83%	6	0.09%	1	0.02%	1,286	20.23%	6,357
Jefferson	13,295	60.20%	8,741	39.58%	28	0.13%	20	0.09%	4,554	20.62%	22,084
Juneau	4,583	60.57%	2,976	39.33%	5	0.07%	3	0.04%	1,607	21.24%	7,567
Kenosha	30,522	67.29%	14,764	32.55%	40	0.09%	30	0.07%	15,758	34.74%	45,356
Kewaunee	4,792	61.59%	2,980	38.30%	6	0.08%	2	0.03%	1,812	23.29%	7,780
La Crosse	16,625	55.78%	13,135	44.07%	26	0.09%	17	0.06%	3,490	11.71%	29,803
Lafayette	4,471	58.28%	3,194	41.64%	4	0.05%	2	0.03%	1,277	16.64%	7,671
Langlade	5,077	62.83%	2,994	37.05%	8	0.10%	2	0.02%	2,083	25.78%	8,081
Lincoln	5,883	60.06%	3,894	39.75%	10	0.10%	9	0.09%	1,989	20.31%	9,796
Manitowoc	21,927	68.92%	9,849	30.96%	24	0.08%	15	0.05%	12,078	37.96%	31,815
Marathon	24,603	65.74%	12,766	34.11%	38	0.10%	19	0.05%	11,837	31.63%	37,426
Marinette	9,657	64.32%	5,332	35.52%	12	0.08%	12	0.08%	4,325	28.80%	15,013
Marquette	1,927	50.50%	1,881	49.29%	8	0.21%	0	0.00%	46	1.21%	3,816
Menominee	647	89.12%	78	10.74%	1	0.14%	0	0.00%	569	78.38%	726
Milwaukee	288,577	65.67%	149,962	34.12%	401	0.09%	519	0.12%	138,615	31.55%	439,459
Monroe	6,385	55.41%	5,126	44.48%	7	0.06%	6	0.05%	1,259	10.93%	11,524
Oconto	6,360	58.92%	4,420	40.94%	11	0.10%	4	0.04%	1,940	17.98%	10,795
Oneida	6,431	62.11%	3,909	37.75%	10	0.10%	5	0.05%	2,522	24.36%	10,355
Outagamie	21,556	53.62%	18,595	46.26%	35	0.09%	12	0.03%	2,961	7.36%	40,198
Ozaukee	9,517	52.51%	8,581	47.35%	15	0.08%	10	0.06%	936	5.16%	18,123
Pepin	2,154	66.71%	1,069	33.11%	4	0.12%	2	0.06%	1,085	33.60%	3,229
Pierce	6,351	65.70%	3,291	34.05%	14	0.14%	10	0.10%	3,060	31.65%	9,666
Polk	7,215	65.57%	3,754	34.12%	18	0.16%	16	0.15%	3,461	31.45%	11,003
Portage	11,887	72.05%	4,579	27.75%	21	0.13%	11	0.07%	7,308	44.30%	16,498
Price	4,289	63.97%	2,406	35.88%	7	0.10%	3	0.04%	1,883	28.09%	6,705
Racine	37,785	63.71%	21,434	36.14%	52	0.09%	35	0.06%	16,351	27.57%	59,306
Richland	4,315	57.17%	3,224	42.71%	6	0.08%	3	0.04%	1,091	14.46%	7,548
Rock	28,257	58.04%	20,372	41.85%	44	0.09%	11	0.02%	7,885	16.19%	48,684
Rusk	4,176	65.20%	2,214	34.57%	7	0.11%	8	0.12%	1,962	30.63%	6,405
Sauk	9,288	59.33%	6,345	40.53%	12	0.08%	11	0.07%	2,943	18.80%	15,656
Sawyer	2,591	56.17%	2,012	43.62%	7	0.15%	3	0.07%	579	12.55%	4,613
Shawano	6,560	50.06%	6,519	49.74%	18	0.14%	8	0.06%	41	0.32%	13,105
Sheboygan	26,410	66.95%	12,968	32.88%	48	0.12%	19	0.05%	13,442	34.07%	39,445
St. Croix	8,864	65.86%	4,565	33.92%	16	0.12%	13	0.10%	4,299	31.94%	13,458
Taylor	4,624	67.03%	2,261	32.78%	10	0.14%	3	0.04%	2,363	34.25%	6,898
Trempealeau	6,320	65.91%	3,264	34.04%	3	0.03%	2	0.02%	3,056	31.87%	9,589
Vernon	6,242	57.28%	4,640	42.58%	11	0.10%	5	0.05%	1,602	14.70%	10,898
Vilas	2,841	50.03%	2,827	49.78%	3	0.05%	8	0.14%	14	0.25%	5,679
Walworth	11,746	48.92%	12,225	50.92%	30	0.12%	8	0.03%	−479	−2.00%	24,009
Washburn	3,181	62.84%	1,865	36.84%	8	0.16%	8	0.16%	1,316	26.00%	5,062
Washington	11,563	55.62%	9,191	44.21%	27	0.13%	10	0.05%	2,372	11.41%	20,791
Waukesha	39,796	52.76%	35,502	47.07%	85	0.11%	46	0.06%	4,294	5.69%	75,429
Waupaca	6,990	45.42%	8,381	54.46%	15	0.10%	3	0.02%	−1,391	−9.04%	15,389
Waushara	3,004	46.64%	3,437	53.36%	0	0.00%	0	0.00%	−433	−6.72%	6,441
Winnebago	23,636	52.72%	21,084	47.03%	85	0.19%	30	0.07%	2,552	5.69%	44,835
Wood	15,378	64.65%	8,388	35.26%	16	0.07%	5	0.02%	6,990	29.39%	23,787
Totals	1,050,424	62.09%	638,495	37.74%	1,692	0.10%	1,204	0.07%	411,929	24.35%	1,691,815

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

Electors

These were the names of the electors on each ticket.^[11]

Lyndon B. Johnson & Hubert Humphrey Democratic Party	Barry Goldwater & William E. Miller Republican Party	Clifton DeBerry & Ed Shaw Socialist Workers Party	Eric Hass & Henning A. Blomen Socialist Labor Party
George Molinaro Fred A. Risser Theodore J. Griswold Kenneth Dunlap Robert Ertl Kenneth Kunde Thomas Martin John C. Moore Edward Mertz Arthur DeBardeleben J. Louis Hanson Patrick L. Lucey	Warren P. Knowles Jack B. Olson William R. Merriam Frank E. Panzer George Thompson Ervin King Robert Heckel Lucius Chase Clifford W. Krueger John W. Byrnes Jerris Leonard Willis J. Hutnik	James E. Boulton Wayne Leverenz Albert Stergar Ted Odell Myrtle C. Kastner Betsy Stergar Florence Kirkland Earl Plaster Elaine Goodreau James Eyman Duane Witkowski Lorraine Fons	Pauline Adolphe Artemio Cozzini Georgia Cozzini Marko Golubich Samuel Munek Henry A. Ochsner William Schlingman Stella Semrau Walter Semrau Thomas Vidakovich Arthur Wepfer Agnes Wiggert

Analysis

Early polls nevertheless showed incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson leading Goldwater comfortably,^[13] despite predictions of a severe backlash to the Civil Rights Act from Wisconsin's anti-black German-American and Polish-American populations.^[14] Extreme fears of financial loss for farmers accounted for a 66–28 lead for Johnson in September,^[15] while fear of Goldwater's policy of strategic use of nuclear weapons,^[16] rather than enthusiasm for the domestic and foreign policies of President Johnson, was cited as the cause of the President's continuing strong lead one month later.^[17]

Johnson won Wisconsin by a margin of 24.35 percent. Goldwater held up slightly better in the German areas where conservative Republicanism had been established by anti-World War II sentiment, whilst he lost heavily in the Yankee counties of the south.^[16]As of the 2020 presidential election ^[update], this is the last election in which Dodge County, Fond du Lac County, Green Lake County, Ozaukee County, Vilas County, Washington County, and Waukesha County (and by that extension, any of the WOW counties) voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.^[18]

Notes

↑ "Independent Socialist Workers"
↑ "Independent Socialist Labor"

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1964 United States presidential election</span> 45th quadrennial U.S. presidential election

The 1964 United States presidential election was the 45th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1964. Incumbent Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson defeated Republican Senator Barry Goldwater in a landslide victory. Johnson was the fourth and most recent vice president to succeed the presidency following the death of his predecessor and win a full term in his own right. Johnson won the largest share of the popular vote for the Democratic Party in history, 61.1%, and the highest for any candidate since the advent of widespread popular elections in 1824.

The 1964 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 3, 1964, as part of the 1964 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states and D.C. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 2008 United States presidential election in Wisconsin took place on November 4, 2008, as part of the 2008 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. State voters chose 10 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Democratic U.S. Senator from Illinois Barack Obama, and his running mate U.S. Senator from Delaware Joe Biden, against Republican challenger and U.S. Senator from Arizona John McCain and his running mate, Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.

The 1964 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 3, 1964, and was part of the 1964 United States presidential election. Voters chose 29 representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Pennsylvania overwhelmingly voted for the Democratic nominee, President Lyndon B. Johnson, over the Republican nominee, Senator Barry Goldwater. Johnson won Pennsylvania by a margin of 30.22%. Apart from William Howard Taft in 1912, Goldwater's 34.7% of the vote is easily the worst showing for a Republican in the state since the party was founded. Even relative to Johnson's popular vote landslide, Pennsylvania came out as 7.64% more Democratic than the nation at-large; the only occasion under the current two-party system that the state has been more anomalously Democratic than this was in Ronald Reagan's 1984 landslide.

The 1964 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 3, 1964, as part of the 1964 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states and D.C. Voters chose 14 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1964 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 5, 1964, as part of the 1964 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states and D.C. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1924 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1924 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1928 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 6, 1928 as part of the 1928 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1932 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 8, 1932 as part of the 1932 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1940 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 5, 1940 as part of the 1940 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1944 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 7, 1944 as part of the 1944 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1948 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 2, 1948, as part of the 1948 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1952 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 4, 1952 as part of the 1952 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 6, 1956 as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1960 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 8, 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Politics in Wisconsin since the Populist movement had been dominated by the Republican Party. The Democratic Party became uncompetitive away from the Lake Michigan coast as the upper classes, along with the majority of workers who followed them, fled from William Jennings Bryan’s agrarian and free silver sympathies. Although the state did develop a strong Socialist Party to provide opposition to the GOP, Wisconsin developed the direct Republican primary in 1903 and this ultimately created competition between the “League” under Robert M. La Follette, and the conservative “Regular” faction. This ultimately would develop into the Wisconsin Progressive Party in the late 1930s, which was opposed to the conservative German Democrats and to the national Republican Party, and allied with Franklin D. Roosevelt at the federal level.

The 1968 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 5, 1968, as part of the 1968 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1964 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 3, 1964. All fifty states and The District of Columbia were part of the 1964 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1968 United States presidential election in Mississippi was held on November 5, 1968. Mississippi voters chose seven electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President. During the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement dictated Mississippi's politics, with effectively the entire white population vehemently opposed to federal policies of racial desegregation and black voting rights. In 1960, the state had been narrowly captured by a slate of unpledged Democratic electors, but in 1964 universal white opposition to the Civil Rights Act and negligible black voter registration meant that white Mississippians turned almost unanimously to Republican Barry Goldwater. Goldwater's support for "constitutional government and local self-rule" meant that the absence from the ballot of "states' rights" parties or unpledged electors was unimportant. The Arizona Senator was one of only six Republicans to vote against the Civil Rights Act, and so the small electorate of Mississippi supported him almost unanimously.

The 1964 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 3, 1964, as part of the 1964 United States presidential election. South Carolina voters chose 8 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1964 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 3, 1964, as part of the 1964 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all fifty states and D.C. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

References

↑ Burnham, Walter Dean; 'The System of 1896: An Analysis'; in The Evolution of American Electoral Systems, pp. 178-179 ISBN 0313213798
↑ Sundquist, James; Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years, p. 526 ISBN 0815719094
↑ Hansen, John Mark; Shigeo Hirano, and Snyder, James M. Jr.; 'Parties within Parties: Parties, Factions, and Coordinated Politics, 1900-1980'; in Gerber, Alan S. and Schickler, Eric; Governing in a Polarized Age: Elections, Parties, and Political Representation in America, pp. 165-168 ISBN 978-1-107-09509-0
↑ Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 381-382, 414 ISBN 978-0-691-16324-6
↑ Phillips; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 387-388
↑ Kelley, Stanley junior; 'The Goldwater Strategy'; The Princeton Review ; pp. 8-11
↑ Yerxa, Fendall W.; 'Goldwater Takes Campaign North: Senator Meets Opposition on Leaving the South'; Special to The New York Times, September 25, 1964, p. 61
↑ Kelley, Stanley junior; 'The Goldwater Strategy'; The Princeton Review ; pp. 8–11.
↑ Yerxa, Fendall W.; 'Goldwater Takes Campaign North: Senator Meets Opposition on Leaving the South'; Special to The New York Times, September 25, 1964, p. 61.
↑ Black & Black 1992, p. 160.
1 2 3 Wisconsin Historical Society, Statement of Board of State Canvassers for President, Vice President and Presidential Electors - General Election - 1964
1 2 Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. "Vote For President And Vice President By County". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1966. Madison, Wisconsin. p. 748.
↑ 'President Scans Favorable Polls: Surveys in 7 States Show Him Leading Goldwater'; Special to The New York Times , August 22, 1964, p. 9.
↑ Pomfrets, John D.; 'Milwaukee Poles in Johnson Camp: While Openly Anti-Negro, They Oppose Goldwater'; Special to The New York Times, August 22, 1964, p. 22.
↑ Janson, Donald; 'Johnson Gaining Corn Belt Vote: Farmers Voice Wariness of Goldwater's Philosophy'; Special to The New York Times, September 13, 1964, p. 72.
1 2 Phillips; The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 396.
↑ 'Goldwater Lacks in Wisconsin Poll: Fear of His Nuclear Policy Is Cited in Survey'; Special to The New York Times, October 11, 1964, p. 61.
↑ Sullivan, Robert David; 'How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century'; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016.

Works cited

Black, Earl; Black, Merle (1992). The Vital South: How Presidents Are Elected. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674941306.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[13] "Independent Socialist Workers"

[14] "Independent Socialist Labor"

[1] Burnham, Walter Dean; 'The System of 1896: An Analysis'; in The Evolution of American Electoral Systems, pp. 178-179 ISBN 0313213798

[2] Sundquist, James; Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years, p. 526 ISBN 0815719094

[3] Hansen, John Mark; Shigeo Hirano, and Snyder, James M. Jr.; 'Parties within Parties: Parties, Factions, and Coordinated Politics, 1900-1980'; in Gerber, Alan S. and Schickler, Eric; Governing in a Polarized Age: Elections, Parties, and Political Representation in America, pp. 165-168 ISBN 978-1-107-09509-0

[Emerging-4] Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 381-382, 414 ISBN 978-0-691-16324-6

[5] Phillips; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 387-388

[6] Kelley, Stanley junior; 'The Goldwater Strategy'; The Princeton Review ; pp. 8-11

[7] Yerxa, Fendall W.; 'Goldwater Takes Campaign North: Senator Meets Opposition on Leaving the South'; Special to The New York Times, September 25, 1964, p. 61

[8] Kelley, Stanley junior; 'The Goldwater Strategy'; The Princeton Review ; pp. 8–11.

[9] Yerxa, Fendall W.; 'Goldwater Takes Campaign North: Senator Meets Opposition on Leaving the South'; Special to The New York Times, September 25, 1964, p. 61.

[FOOTNOTEBlackBlack1992160-10] Black & Black 1992, p. 160.

[archives-11] 1 2 3 Wisconsin Historical Society, Statement of Board of State Canvassers for President, Vice President and Presidential Electors - General Election - 1964

[bluebook-12] 1 2 Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. "Vote For President And Vice President By County". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1966. Madison, Wisconsin. p. 748.

[15] 'President Scans Favorable Polls: Surveys in 7 States Show Him Leading Goldwater'; Special to The New York Times , August 22, 1964, p. 9.

[16] Pomfrets, John D.; 'Milwaukee Poles in Johnson Camp: While Openly Anti-Negro, They Oppose Goldwater'; Special to The New York Times, August 22, 1964, p. 22.

[17] Janson, Donald; 'Johnson Gaining Corn Belt Vote: Farmers Voice Wariness of Goldwater's Philosophy'; Special to The New York Times, September 13, 1964, p. 72.

[Emerging396-18] 1 2 Phillips; The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 396.

[19] 'Goldwater Lacks in Wisconsin Poll: Fear of His Nuclear Policy Is Cited in Survey'; Special to The New York Times, October 11, 1964, p. 61.

[20] Sullivan, Robert David; 'How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century'; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[lower-alpha 1]

[lower-alpha 2]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]