1977 Japanese House of Councillors election

1977 Japanese House of Councillors election

←  1974 10 July 1977 1980  →
126 of the 252 seats in the House of Councillors 127 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Takeo Fukuda Tomomi Narita Yoshikatsu Takeiri Party LDP Socialist Kōmeitō Last election 126 seats, 44.3% 62 seats, 15.2% 24 seats, 12.1% Seats after 124 56 28 Seat change 2 6 4 Popular vote 18,160,061 8,805,617 7,174,459 Percentage 35.8% 17.3% 14.2% Swing 8.5% 2.1% 2.1%   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Kenji Miyamoto Kasuga Ikkō Yōhei Kōno Party JCP Democratic Socialist New Liberal Club Last election 20 seats, 9.4% 10 seats, 5.9% – Seats after 16 11 3 Seat change 4 1 New Popular vote 4,260,050 3,387,541 1,957,902 Percentage 8.4% 6.7% 3.9% Swing 1.0% 0.8% New
President of the House of Councillors before election Kazuo Maeda LDP Elected President of the House of Councillors Kan Kase Socialist

House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 10 July 1977. Only half of the House of Councillors was up for election.

The main question of this election was whether or not the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) would be able to retain its hold on an absolute majority of the seats in the House of Councillors, something it has maintained since the party's founding in 1955. Early forecasts had speculated that this dramatic downturn for the LDP may have been possible, but in the end the LDP kept its razor-thin hold on majority control by having four LDP-allied independents cooperate with it. As per usual for the time, the LDP did very well in the sparsely populated single member districts and even managed to hold its own not only in the two-member districts, but even in the more heavily urbanised three- and four-member districts which were projected to be tough wins for the LDP. ^[1]

The LDP's clearest struggling was in the national district, where its popular vote declined by 8.5% when compared to the previous House of Councillors election. In any event, the pessimistic forecasts of the election results ended up influencing the LDP's approach in fielding relatively few candidates, and members of the party believed that if they disregarded the polls and fielded more candidates, they could have won a larger share of the seats in this election. Meanwhile, the Japan Socialist Party also saw a loss in seats (partly due to vote splitting caused by former member Saburō Eda's SCL splinter party siphoning away votes from the JSP.) The Japanese Communist Party also saw a decline in fortunes, with Kōmeitō and the Democratic Socialist Party showing the most promise among well-established opposition parties. ^[1]

Results

Party		National			Constituency			Seats
		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Not up	Won	Total after	+/–
	Liberal Democratic Party	18,160,061	35.83	18	20,440,157	39.46	45	61	63	124	–2
	Japan Socialist Party	8,805,617	17.37	10	13,403,216	25.88	17	29	27	56	–6
	Komeitō	7,174,459	14.16	9	3,206,719	6.19	5	14	14	28	+4
	Japanese Communist Party	4,260,050	8.41	3	5,159,142	9.96	2	11	5	16	–4
	Democratic Socialist Party	3,387,541	6.68	4	2,318,386	4.48	2	5	6	11	+1
	New Liberal Club	1,957,902	3.86	1	2,951,976	5.70	2	1	3	4	New
	League for Civil Society	1,418,855	2.80	1	610,505	1.18	0	0	1	1	New
	United Progressive Liberals	1,381,700	2.73	1	475,560	0.92	0	0	1	1	New
	Women's Party of Japan	161,692	0.32	0	45,328	0.09	0	0	0	0	New
	Other parties	207,056	0.41	0	702,900	1.36	1	0	1	1	–
	Independents	3,767,662	7.43	3	2,485,292	4.80	2	4	5	9	0
Vacant							1	0	1	1	–
Total		50,682,595	100.00	50	51,799,181	100.00	77	125	127	252	0
Valid votes		50,682,595	94.50		51,799,181	96.56
Invalid/blank votes		2,952,193	5.50		1,843,415	3.44
Total votes		53,634,788	100.00		53,642,596	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		78,321,715	68.48		78,321,715	68.49
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, [2] [3] National Diet

By constituency

Constituency	Total seats	Seats won
		LDP	JSP	Kōmeitō	DSP	JCP	NLC	LCS	UPL	Others	Ind.
Aichi	3	1		1	1
Akita	1	1
Aomori	1	1
Chiba	2	1	1
Ehime	1	1
Fukui	1	1
Fukuoka	3	1	1	1
Fukushima	2	1	1
Gifu	1	1
Gunma	2	1	1
Hiroshima	2	1	1
Hokkaido	4	2	2
Hyōgo	3	1	1	1
Ibaraki	2	1	1
Ishikawa	1	1
Iwate	1	1
Kagawa	1	1
Kagoshima	2	1									1
Kanagawa	2		1								1
Kōchi	1	1
Kumamoto	2	2
Kyoto	2	1				1
Mie	1		1
Miyagi	1	1
Miyazaki	1	1
Nagano	2	1	1
Nagasaki	1	1
Nara	1	1
Niigata	2	1	1
Ōita	1									1
Okinawa	1	1
Okayama	2	1	1
Osaka	3	1		1		1
Saga	1	1
Saitama	2	1					1
Shiga	1	1
Shimane	1	1
Shizuoka	2	1	1
Tochigi	2	1	1
Tokushima	1	1
Tokyo	4	1		1	1		1
Tottori	1		1
Toyama	1	1
Wakayama	1	1
Yamagata	1	1
Yamaguchi	1	1
Yamanashi	1	1
National	50	18	10	9	4	3	1	1	1		3
Total	126	63	27	14	6	5	3	1	1	1	5

References

1. Uchida, Mitsuru; Baerwald, Hans H. (1978). "The House of Councillors Election in Japan: The LDP Hangs in There" . Asian Survey. 18 (3): 301–308. doi:10.2307/2643222. ISSN   0004-4687.
2. Table 13: Persons Elected and Votes Polled by Political Parties - Ordinary Elections for the House of Councillors (1947–2004) Archived 2011-03-23 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
3. "27-11 Allotted Number, Candidates, Eligible Voters as of Election Day, Voters and Voting Percentages of Ordinary Elections for the House of Councillors (1947-2004)". Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Archived from the original on 2006-01-04.