The House of Representatives is the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. The House of Councillors is the upper house. The composition of the House is established by Article 41 and Article 42 of the Constitution of Japan. The House of Representatives has 465 members, elected for a four-year term. Of these, 176 members are elected from 11 multi-member constituencies by a party-list system of proportional representation, and 289 are elected from single-member constituencies.
The Japanese political process has two types of elections.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 23 July 1989.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 8 July 1956, electing half the seats in the House plus two vacant seats in the other half. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats, but failed to win a majority. It was the first national election under the 1955 System, approximately a two party system of Ichirō Hatoyama's Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) that was created in the "conservative merger" of 1955 and Suzuki Mosaburō's reunified Japan Socialist Party (JSP). The later dominant LDP failed to win a majority.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 1 July 1962, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats. This was the first Japanese national election to feature the Kōmeitō as a candidate, as it had formed earlier in the same year.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 26 June 1983. The result was a victory for the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, which won 68 of the 126 seats up for election, retaining its majority in the House.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 29 July 2001. They were the first national elections since Junichiro Koizumi became Prime Minister after Yoshiro Mori resigned in April 2001. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and its election allies, were the major winner, provided Koizumi a strong mandates to move forward with his reform policies. The ruling coalition performed well, and regain their majority in the House of Councillors.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 12 July 1998.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan in 1995.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan in 1992. Only half of the seats in the House of Councillors were up for election.
Elections for the Japanese House of Councillors were held in Japan in 1986.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 10 July 1977. Only half of the House of Councillors was up for election.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 4 June 1950, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Party won the most seats.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 24 April 1953, electing half the seats in the House. The Yoshida faction of the Liberal Party won the most seats.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 2 June 1959, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats. Kōji Harashima, who later become a founding member and the first chairman of Kōmeitō, was elected to the Diet for the first time as one of several Soka Gakkai-affiliated independents.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 4 July 1965, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 7 July 1968, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats, although this marked the first House of Councillors election in the LDP's history in which its share of the popular vote decreased when compared to the election prior to it.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 27 June 1971, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 7 July 1974, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats.
Kagoshima at-large district is a constituency in the House of Councillors of Japan, the upper house of the Diet of Japan. It currently elects two members to the House of Councillors, one per election. It has, historically, similar to other 2-seat, rural prefectures, been an LDP stronghold. The last opposition member elected was before the House of Councilor seat reform, when the JSP successfully elected a candidate in 1995. The closest any party has come to defeating the LDP in the district since was 2007, when Ino Minayoshi lost by only three thousand votes. However, LDP candidates in the district have typically been kept below 50%, mainly due to LDP-infighting; Shuji Maeda took 15% of the vote in the district in 2019, which kept Otsuji below 50%, and in 2022, Ayumi Saigo took a similar amount of the vote, leading to Nomura receiving just under 50% again.
Japanportal 
