1976 Japanese general election

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1976 Japanese general election
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg
  1972 5 December 1976 1979  

All 511 seats in the House of Representatives
256 seats needed for a majority
Turnout73.45% (Increase2.svg1.69pp)
 First partySecond partyThird party
  Takeo Miki 19741209.jpg Tomomi-Narita-1.png Yoshikatsu-Takeiri-3.png
Leader Takeo Miki Tomomi Narita Yoshikatsu Takeiri
Party Liberal Democratic Socialist Kōmeitō
Leader since4 December 197430 November 196813 February 1967
Last election46.85%, 271 seats21.90%, 118 seats8.46%, 29 seats
Seats won24912355
Seat changeDecrease2.svg22Increase2.svg5Increase2.svg26
Popular vote23,653,62611,713,0096,177,300
Percentage41.78%20.69%10.91%
SwingDecrease2.svg5.07ppDecrease2.svg1.21ppIncrease2.svg2.45pp

 Fourth partyFifth partySixth party
  Kasuga-Ikko-1.jpg Kenji Miyamoto (cropped).jpg Yohei Kono 1985.jpg
Leader Kasuga Ikkō Kenji Miyamoto Yōhei Kōno
Party Democratic Socialist Communist New Liberal Club
Leader since1 August 1958June 1976
Last election6.98%, 19 seats10.49%, 38 seats
Seats won291717
Seat changeIncrease2.svg10Decrease2.svg21New
Popular vote3,554,0765,878,1922,363,985
Percentage6.28%10.38%4.2%
SwingDecrease2.svg0.70ppDecrease2.svg0.11ppNew

1976 JAPAN GENERAL ELECTION, combined vote share.svg

Prime Minister before election

Takeo Miki
Liberal Democratic

Prime Minister after election

Takeo Fukuda
Liberal Democratic

General elections were held in Japan on 5 December 1976. Voter turnout was 73.45%. This election was noted for seeing 124 newcomers win seats for the very first time, along with the defeat of some legacy candidates, signalling a generational shift in the Japanese political landscape. [1] To date, the 1976 election has been the only post-war general election triggered by an expiration of the term of the House of Representatives; all other post-war elections have been instigated by a dissolution of the House by the Cabinet. [2]

While the Liberal Democratic Party wound up, as usual, with more seats than any competing party, it lost 22 seats to finish with less than a majority, winning 249 of 511 races (47%), [3] this election continued the constant trend of the LDP's popular vote decreasing with each election which had started all the way back in the 1949 election. The 1976 election was heavily informed by the Lockheed bribery scandals and became popularly known as the Lockheed Election (ロッキード選挙, rokkīdo senkyo). [2] The incumbent Prime Minister, Takeo Miki, was seen as a reformer within his own party, and he did not obstruct the investigations into the Lockheed scandal as some of those in his party had desired. Despite this, Miki's cabinet had lukewarm approval ratings, with positive ratings across different news sources ranging from 41-47% and negative ones being lower at 12-27%. The scandal reflected poorly on the LDP and the party lost 22 seats from the last election, in the process losing its majority control over the House of Representatives for the first time since the party's founding. However, when the LDP's showing is combined with the votes cast for the spin-off New Liberal Club as well as independents who were not endorsed by the LDP but joined the party after this election, the total number of votes for conservative candidates actually saw an overall increase. [1]

The two left-wing opposition parties, the Japan Socialist Party and the Japanese Communist Party, saw noticeable setbacks. The JSP did gain seats, but it was only five, and in the process two former chairmen (Kōzō Sasaki and Seiichi Katsumata) and the incumbent vice-chairman and former chairman Saburō Eda all lost their seats. The JCP suffered far worse, losing 21 seats and falling to less than half its number of seats compared to the last election, likely due to protest votes going towards the new moderate options such as the NLC instead of the JCP. The main winners among the traditional opposition were the moderate parties. In the case of Kōmeitō, the party recovered from scandals in the 1972 general elections by distancing itself from Soka Gakkai and putting up non-Soka Gakkai adherents as candidates in the 1975 local elections as well as this election. Komeito also reinforced its image as an anti-LDP party by endorsing various leftist campaigns. On the other hand, the Democratic Socialist Party, which did see a slight decrease in popular votes, nonetheless had managed to gain ten seats in this election. [1]

Following the election, Miki resigned as LDP leader after the LDP's poor showing and Takeo Fukuda was elected the new LDP leader and prime minister.

Results

Japan House of Representatives 1976.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Liberal Democratic Party 23,653,62641.78249–22
Japan Socialist Party 11,713,00920.69123+5
Komeitō 6,177,30010.9155+26
Japanese Communist Party 5,878,19210.3817–21
Democratic Socialist Party 3,554,0766.2829+10
New Liberal Club 2,363,9854.1817New
Other parties45,1140.080–2
Independents3,227,4635.7021+7
Total56,612,765100.00511+20
Valid votes56,612,76598.91
Invalid/blank votes623,8571.09
Total votes57,236,622100.00
Registered voters/turnout77,926,58873.45
Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan

By prefecture

PrefectureTotal
seats
Seats won
LDP JSP Kōmeitō DSP JCP NLC Ind.
Aichi 22851413
Akita 844
Aomori 7511
Chiba 1683212
Ehime 9621
Fukui 4211
Fukuoka 198542
Fukushima 12831
Gifu 9711
Gunma 1073
Hiroshima 1263111
Hokkaido 2291021
Hyōgo 20844112
Ibaraki 125412
Ishikawa 651
Iwate 8521
Kagawa 642
Kagoshima 1183
Kanagawa 1935335
Kōchi 52111
Kumamoto 106211
Kyoto 10212221
Mie 95211
Miyagi 95211
Miyazaki 62112
Nagano 13841
Nagasaki 942111
Nara 52111
Niigata 157512
Ōita 752
Okayama 10532
Okinawa 52111
Osaka 26837341
Saga 541
Saitama 157422
Shiga 52111
Shimane 532
Shizuoka 1482121
Tochigi 105311
Tokushima 5311
Tokyo 43148102423
Tottori 422
Toyama 642
Wakayama 6411
Yamagata 853
Yamaguchi 95211
Yamanashi 541
Total5112491235529171721

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Dixon, Karl (1977). "The 1976 General Election in Japan". Pacific Affairs. 50 (2): 208–230. doi:10.2307/2756299. ISSN   0030-851X. JSTOR   2756299.
  2. 1 2 "これまでの衆議院選挙" (PDF). Japan Association of Corporate Executives (Keizai Doyukai). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-01-31. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  3. 第27章 公務員・選挙 http://www.stat.go.jp/data/chouki/27.htm Archived 2015-02-15 at the Wayback Machine