| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 511 seats in the House of Representatives 256 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turnout | 73.45% (1.69pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
This article is part of a series on |
Politics of Japan |
---|
Japanportal |
General elections were held in Japan on 5 December 1976. Voter turnout was 73.45%. This election was noted for seeing 124 newcomers win seats for the very first time, along with the defeat of some legacy candidates, signalling a generational shift in the Japanese political landscape. [1] To date, the 1976 election has been the only post-war general election triggered by an expiration of the term of the House of Representatives; all other post-war elections have been instigated by a dissolution of the House by the Cabinet. [2]
While the Liberal Democratic Party wound up, as usual, with more seats than any competing party, it lost 22 seats to finish with less than a majority, winning 249 of 511 races (47%), [3] this election continued the constant trend of the LDP's popular vote decreasing with each election which had started all the way back in the 1949 election. The 1976 election was heavily informed by the Lockheed bribery scandals and became popularly known as the Lockheed Election (ロッキード選挙, rokkīdo senkyo). [2] The incumbent Prime Minister, Takeo Miki, was seen as a reformer within his own party, and he did not obstruct the investigations into the Lockheed scandal as some of those in his party had desired. Despite this, Miki's cabinet had lukewarm approval ratings, with positive ratings across different news sources ranging from 41-47% and negative ones being lower at 12-27%. The scandal reflected poorly on the LDP and the party lost 22 seats from the last election, in the process losing its majority control over the House of Representatives for the first time since the party's founding. However, when the LDP's showing is combined with the votes cast for the spin-off New Liberal Club as well as independents who were not endorsed by the LDP but joined the party after this election, the total number of votes for conservative candidates actually saw an overall increase. [1]
The two left-wing opposition parties, the Japan Socialist Party and the Japanese Communist Party, saw noticeable setbacks. The JSP did gain seats, but it was only five, and in the process two former chairmen (Kōzō Sasaki and Seiichi Katsumata) and the incumbent vice-chairman and former chairman Saburō Eda all lost their seats. The JCP suffered far worse, losing 21 seats and falling to less than half its number of seats compared to the last election, likely due to protest votes going towards the new moderate options such as the NLC instead of the JCP. The main winners among the traditional opposition were the moderate parties. In the case of Kōmeitō, the party recovered from scandals in the 1972 general elections by distancing itself from Soka Gakkai and putting up non-Soka Gakkai adherents as candidates in the 1975 local elections as well as this election. Komeito also reinforced its image as an anti-LDP party by endorsing various leftist campaigns. On the other hand, the Democratic Socialist Party, which did see a slight decrease in popular votes, nonetheless had managed to gain ten seats in this election. [1]
Following the election, Miki resigned as LDP leader after the LDP's poor showing and Takeo Fukuda was elected the new LDP leader and prime minister.
Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democratic Party | 23,653,626 | 41.78 | 249 | –22 | |
Japan Socialist Party | 11,713,009 | 20.69 | 123 | +5 | |
Komeitō | 6,177,300 | 10.91 | 55 | +26 | |
Japanese Communist Party | 5,878,192 | 10.38 | 17 | –21 | |
Democratic Socialist Party | 3,554,076 | 6.28 | 29 | +10 | |
New Liberal Club | 2,363,985 | 4.18 | 17 | New | |
Other parties | 45,114 | 0.08 | 0 | –2 | |
Independents | 3,227,463 | 5.70 | 21 | +7 | |
Total | 56,612,765 | 100.00 | 511 | +20 | |
Valid votes | 56,612,765 | 98.91 | |||
Invalid/blank votes | 623,857 | 1.09 | |||
Total votes | 57,236,622 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 77,926,588 | 73.45 | |||
Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan |
Prefecture | Total seats | Seats won | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LDP | JSP | Kōmeitō | DSP | JCP | NLC | Ind. | ||
Aichi | 22 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | |
Akita | 8 | 4 | 4 | |||||
Aomori | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Chiba | 16 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||
Ehime | 9 | 6 | 2 | 1 | ||||
Fukui | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Fukuoka | 19 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 | |||
Fukushima | 12 | 8 | 3 | 1 | ||||
Gifu | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Gunma | 10 | 7 | 3 | |||||
Hiroshima | 12 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Hokkaido | 22 | 9 | 10 | 2 | 1 | |||
Hyōgo | 20 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
Ibaraki | 12 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | |||
Ishikawa | 6 | 5 | 1 | |||||
Iwate | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | ||||
Kagawa | 6 | 4 | 2 | |||||
Kagoshima | 11 | 8 | 3 | |||||
Kanagawa | 19 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | ||
Kōchi | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Kumamoto | 10 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
Kyoto | 10 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
Mie | 9 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
Miyagi | 9 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
Miyazaki | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
Nagano | 13 | 8 | 4 | 1 | ||||
Nagasaki | 9 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Nara | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Niigata | 15 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 2 | |||
Ōita | 7 | 5 | 2 | |||||
Okayama | 10 | 5 | 3 | 2 | ||||
Okinawa | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Osaka | 26 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 1 | |
Saga | 5 | 4 | 1 | |||||
Saitama | 15 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | |||
Shiga | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Shimane | 5 | 3 | 2 | |||||
Shizuoka | 14 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||
Tochigi | 10 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||
Tokushima | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Tokyo | 43 | 14 | 8 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
Tottori | 4 | 2 | 2 | |||||
Toyama | 6 | 4 | 2 | |||||
Wakayama | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yamagata | 8 | 5 | 3 | |||||
Yamaguchi | 9 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
Yamanashi | 5 | 4 | 1 | |||||
Total | 511 | 249 | 123 | 55 | 29 | 17 | 17 | 21 |
Komeito, formerly New Komeito and abbreviated NKP, is a political party in Japan originally founded by members of the Buddhist Japanese new religious movement Soka Gakkai in 1964. The current incarnation of the party was formed in 1998. Since 2012, it has served in government as the junior coalition partner of the Liberal Democratic Party. Natsuo Yamaguchi has been the president of the party since 8 September 2009 and currently serves as a member of the House of Councillors in the National Diet, the Japanese national legislature.
The Kōmeitō, also known as the Kōmei Party and Clean Government Party (CGP), was a political party in Japan, initiated by Daisaku Ikeda, and described by various authors as the "political arm" of Soka Gakkai.
The Japanese political process has two types of elections.
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 23 July 1989.
Akihiro Ota is a Japanese politician of the Komeito Party, currently serving his seventh term in the House of Representatives in the National Diet. Ota has represented three districts within the Tokyo metropolis since first entering the national Diet in 1993. He served as president of the Komeito Party from 2006 until the general election in September 2009, at which time he lost his seat in the Diet. Upon his return to the House in December 2012, Ota was appointed as the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, a post he held until October 2015.
Hajime Ishii was a Japanese politician who served in the Diet for 39 years between 1969 and 2013. A native of Kobe, Hyogo, he attended Konan University as an undergraduate and University of California, Los Angeles as a graduate and received a master's degree in political science from Stanford University. During his time in the Diet he served as the head of the National Land Agency for six months in 1989–1990 and as Minister for Home Affairs for two months in 1994.
Prefectural elections for the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly were held on 12 July 2009. In the runup to the Japanese general election due by October they were seen as an important test for Taro Aso's ruling coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the New Komeito. New Komeito considers Tokyo as an important stronghold and had repeatedly asked Prime Minister Aso to avoid holding the two elections within a month of each other.
Tochigi At-Large District is a multi-member district of the House of Councillors in the Diet of Japan. It consists of Tochigi Prefecture and elects two Councillors, one per election.
The Hokkaido at-large district is a constituency of the House of Councillors in the Diet of Japan. It consists of the prefecture (dō) of Hokkai[dō] and is represented by six Councillors electing three at a time every three years by single non-transferable vote for six-year terms. In the election period from 2019 to 2022, Hokkaido's Councillors are :
The 17th unified local elections in Japan took place in April 2011. In the first phase on April 10, 2011, 12 governors, 41 prefectural assemblies as well as five mayors and 15 assemblies in cities designated by government ordinance were elected. In the second phase on April 24, 2011, mayors and assemblies in hundreds of cities, "special wards" of Tokyo, towns, and villages were up for election. Additionally, a by-election for the National Diet was held in Aichi on April 24.
The Shikoku proportional representation block is one of eleven proportional representation (PR) "blocks", multi-member constituencies for the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It consists of Shikoku region covering Tokushima, Kagawa, Ehime and Kōchi Prefectures. Following the introduction of proportional voting it elected seven representatives in the 1996 general election. When the total number of PR seats was reduced from 200 to 180, the Shikoku PR block shrank to six seats.
The Tōkyō proportional representation block, or more formally the proportional representation tier "Tokyo Metropolis electoral district", is one of eleven proportional representation (PR) "blocks", multi-member constituencies for the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It consists solely of the prefecture of Tokyo making it one of two blocks covering only one prefecture, the other being Hokkaido. Following the introduction of proportional voting Tokyo elected 19 representatives by PR in the 1996 general election, and 17 since the election of 2000 when the total number of PR seats was reduced from 200 to 180.
This article presents detailed results of the 2012 Japanese general election. It lists all elected Representatives in the 300 single-member districts and the 11 regional proportional representation (PR) blocks. Subsequent by-elections and the PR block replacement candidates to be elected later without additional vote in cases of death, resignation or disqualification (kuriage-tōsen) are not listed.
General elections were held in Japan on 14 December 2014. Voting took place in all Representatives constituencies of Japan including proportional blocks to elect the members of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. As the cabinet resigns in the first post-election Diet session after a general House of Representatives election, the lower house election also led to a new election of the prime minister in the Diet, won by incumbent Shinzō Abe, and the appointment of a new cabinet. The voter turnout in this election remains the lowest in Japanese history.
The 2015 Hyōgo prefectural election was an election for the Hyogo Prefectural Assembly held on 12 April 2015 as part of the 2015 unified local elections in Japan. The election saw the number of assembly members reduced from 89 to 87 and the number of electoral districts reduced from 41 to 40. Voting was held in 23 districts and representatives for the remaining 17 districts were elected unopposed. The election was held in the wake of the political expenses scandal that was exposed in July 2014 involving multiple assembly members and was notable for former assemblyman Ryutaro Nonomura's outburst of uncontrolled sobbing at a news conference.
Prefectural elections for the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly were held on 2 July 2017. The 127 members were elected in forty-two electoral districts, seven returning single members elected by first-past-the-post, and thirty-five returning multiple members under single non-transferable vote. Four districts had their magnitude adjusted in this election to match population changes.
Okinawa 1st district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It is located in Okinawa Prefecture and encompasses the city of Naha and parts of Shimajiri District. As of 2016, 270,872 eligible voters were registered in the district.
A gubernatorial election was held on 4 February 2018 to elect the next governor of the Nagasaki Prefecture. Incumbent Governor Hōdō Nakamura ran for a third consecutive term, challenged by Toshihiko Haraguchi from the Japanese Communist Party.
Tomio Fujii was a Japanese politician who served as the leader of the Komei splinter party between 1994 and 1998. In addition, he was a founding member of Komeito who served as an 11-term member of the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly as well as a leading figure in Komeito's Tokyo chapter.
Banchō Seisaku Kenkyūjo was a former faction of the Liberal Democratic Party which formed in 1956 and later merged into the Shikōkai faction in 2017.