1946 Japanese general election

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1946 Japanese general election
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg
  1942 10 April 1946 1947  

All 468 seats in the House of Representatives
235 seats needed for a majority
Registered36,878,417 Increase2.svg 152.7% [a]
Turnout72.08% Decrease2.svg 11.08 pp
 First partySecond partyThird party
 
Hatoyama Ichiro.jpg
Chuji machida.jpg
Pian Shan Zhe  (cropped).jpg
Leader Ichirō Hatoyama Chūji Machida Tetsu Katayama
Party Liberal Progressive Socialist
Seats won1419493
Popular vote13,505,74610,350,5309,924,930
Percentage24.36%18.67%17.90%

 Fourth partyFifth party
  TOKUDA Kyuichi.jpg Yamamoto Sanehiko.jpg
Leader Kyuichi Tokuda Yamamoto Sanehiko
Party JCP Cooperative
Seats won514
Popular vote2,135,7571,799,764
Percentage3.85%3.35%

1946 JAPAN GENERAL ELECTION, combined vote share.svg
Districts shaded according to winners' vote strength

Prime Minister before election

Kijūrō Shidehara
Independent

Elected Prime Minister

Shigeru Yoshida
Liberal

General elections were held in Japan on 10 April 1946, the first after World War II, during the Allied occupation. All 468 seats in the House of Representatives were elected by limited voting. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 141 of the 468 seats. [1] Voter turnout was 72.1 percent.

Contents

Background

Prime Minister Kijūrō Shidehara, who had been appointed by the Emperor Hirohito in October 1945, dissolved the House of Representatives in December 1945. Shidehara had been working with Allied occupation commander Douglas MacArthur to implement a new constitution and other political reforms.

In the months following the war, the Imperial Rule Assistance Association caucus broke up and three major political parties emerged in the Diet, loosely based around the major parties that stood in the 1937 election prior to the war. The Liberal Party was mainly composed of former Rikken Seiyūkai members,[ citation needed ] while the Progressive Party was mainly composed of former Rikken Minseitō members[ citation needed ] and the Socialist Party was mainly composed of former Shakai Taishūtō members.[ citation needed ]

This was the first time Japanese women were allowed to vote. 39 women were elected to office; this was the largest number of women deputies elected until 2005. On the other hand, Taiwanese and Koreans in Japan had their rights to vote and to run for office suspended inasmuch as their home territories had ceased to be part of Japan.

The electoral system use was a special type of Limited voting with district magnitude mostly ranging from 6 to 23, many parties (usually 4 to 7 or more) elected representatives in almost every district. [2]

Following the election, there was a brief attempt to have Shidehara join the Progressive Party and remain in power, which the other major parties opposed. The Liberals and Progressives agreed to form a government under Liberal leader Ichiro Hatoyama on 2 May, but Hatoyama was promptly purged on 4 May and a new government formed under Foreign Minister Shigeru Yoshida, who officially became Prime Minister on 22 May.

Results

Japan House of Representatives 1946 2.svg
PartyVotes%Seats
Liberal Party 13,505,74624.36141
Japan Progressive Party 10,350,53018.6794
Japan Socialist Party 9,924,93017.9093
Japanese Communist Party 2,135,7573.855
Japan Cooperative Party 1,799,7643.2514
Other parties6,488,03211.7038
Independents11,244,12020.2881
Vacant2
Total55,448,879100.00468
Valid votes26,100,17598.19
Invalid/blank votes482,0001.81
Total votes26,582,175100.00
Registered voters/turnout36,878,41772.08
Source: Oscarsson, [3] Nohlen et al.

By prefecture

PrefectureTotal
seats
Seats won
Liberal Progressive Socialist Communist Cooperative OthersInd.Vacant
Aichi 1845324
Akita 811321
Aomori 72311
Chiba 1362113
Ehime 92421
Fukui 51121
Fukuoka 182583
Fukushima 13472
Gifu 105212
Gunma 101531
Hiroshima 1231323
Hokkaido 23641732
Hyōgo 1857411
Ibaraki 134513
Ishikawa 6312
Iwate 8422
Kagawa 6321
Kagoshima 11121232
Kanagawa 126411
Kōchi 5212
Kumamoto 104213
Kyoto 103133
Mie 914112
Miyagi 931131
Miyazaki 642
Nagano 142131115
Nagasaki 85111
Nara 51112
Niigata 155541
Ōita 72221
Okayama 103223
Okinawa 22
Osaka 18345132
Saga 5221
Saitama 138221
Shiga 6321
Shimane 61221
Shizuoka 1473112
Tochigi 1024211
Tokushima 55
Tokyo 22719221
Tottori 4112
Toyama 61221
Wakayama 6312
Yamagata 931113
Yamaguchi 94113
Yamanashi 51121
Total468140949251438814

Notes

  1. The electorate more than doubled as a result of Japanese women being allowed to vote for the first time

References

  1. Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II, p381 ISBN   0-19-924959-8
  2. Tyson, Robert. ""Various voting methods"". Arena (Jan. 1908): 60.
  3. Oscarsson