Host city | Edinburgh, Scotland |
---|---|
Nations | 27 |
Athletes | 1,660 |
Events | 161 events in 10 sports |
Opening | 24 July 1986 |
Closing | 2 August 1986 |
Opened by | Elizabeth II |
Queen's Baton Final Runner | Allan Wells |
Main venue | Meadowbank Stadium |
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. This was the second Commonwealth Games to be held in Edinburgh. This event served as a qualifying event for the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul for the events that was contested at the Olympic Games. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa.
The Games were commemorated on the UK’s first-ever £2 circulating coin, which showed a Scottish thistle upon the St. Andrew’s saltire design on the reverse side of the coin.
Unlike the 1970 Games in Edinburgh, which were popular and successful, the 1986 Games are ill-famed for the wide political boycott connected with them and the resulting financial mismanagement. [1]
In addition to the boycott, further controversy arose when it was revealed that through this much-reduced participation and the resultant decline in anticipated broadcasting and sponsorship revenues, the Organising Committee was facing a big financial black hole. The boycott ended any prospect of securing emergency government assistance. Businessman Robert Maxwell stepped in to offer funding, taking over as chairman; but although he promised to invest £2m, his contribution was just £250,000. On a budget of £14m, the Games opened with a deficit of £3m, which later grew to £4.3m, and instead of putting enough money into the event to save it, the new chairman of the Games asked creditors to forgo half the payment due to them to keep the event out of liquidation. The debt was finally paid off in 1989, with the city of Edinburgh losing approximately £500,000. [2]
Several athletes were excluded because they breached the amateurism rules, most notably lawn bowlers Phil Skoglund from New Zealand and Willie Wood from Scotland, both of whom have competed in subsequent Games.
Due to the boycott only 27 teams from across the Commonwealth were represented at the 1986 Games.
Participating Commonwealth countries and territories |
---|
^ Note: Bermuda withdrew from the games to join the boycott after the opening day of competition. [3] |
Debuting Commonwealth countries and territories |
Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa in preference to participating in the general sporting boycott of that country and the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Consequently, Edinburgh 1986 witnessed the lowest turnout since Auckland 1950. [4] Bermuda was a particularly late withdrawal, as its athletes had appeared in the opening ceremony and in the opening day of competition before the Bermuda Olympic Association decided to formally withdraw. [5]
Commonwealth countries and territories that boycotted the Games |
---|
|
The theme of the opening ceremony celebrated the "Spirit of Youth" and included 6500 Scottish schoolchildren taking part in a series of large Mass Games-style Gymnastics routines. The theme song "Spirit of Youth" was written by Gerard Kenny. The ceremony began on the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle from which hundreds of schoolchildren ran down the Royal Mile, through Holyrood Park to Meadowbank Stadium. [7]
* Host nation (Scotland)
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | England (ENG) | 52 | 43 | 49 | 144 |
2 | Canada (CAN) | 51 | 34 | 31 | 116 |
3 | Australia (AUS) | 40 | 46 | 35 | 121 |
4 | New Zealand (NZL) | 8 | 16 | 14 | 38 |
5 | Wales (WAL) | 6 | 5 | 12 | 23 |
6 | Scotland (SCO)* | 3 | 12 | 18 | 33 |
7 | Northern Ireland (NIR) | 2 | 4 | 9 | 15 |
8 | Isle of Man (IOM) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
9 | Guernsey (GUE) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
10 | Eswatini (SWZ) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
11 | Hong Kong (HKG) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
12 | Malawi (MAW) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
13 | Botswana (BOT) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Jersey (JEY) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Singapore (SIN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (15 entries) | 163 | 163 | 176 | 502 |
Track
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||||
Time Trial | Martin Vinnicombe (AUS) | 00:01:06 | Gary Anderson (NZL) | 00:01:06 | Max Rainsford (AUS) | 00:01:07 |
Sprint | Gary Neiwand (AUS) | Alex Ongaro (CAN) | Eddie Alexander (SCO) | |||
Individual Pursuit | Dean Woods (AUS) | 00:04:44 | Colin Sturgess (ENG) | 00:04:51 | Gary Anderson (NZL) | 00:04:54 |
Team Pursuit | Australia Glenn Clarke Brett Dutton Bill Hardy Wayne McCarney Dean Woods | 00:04:27 | New Zealand Gary Anderson Russell Clune Stephen Swart Andrew Whitford | 00:04:34 | England Chris Boardman Gary Coltman Rob Muzio Jon Walshaw Guy Rowland | overtaken |
10 Miles (16 Kilometres) Scratch | Wayne McCarney (AUS) | 00:19:41 | Dean Woods (AUS) | 00:19:41 | Gary Anderson (NZL) | 00:19:41 |
Road
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||||
Road Race | Paul Curran (ENG) | 04:08:50 | Brian Fowler (NZL) | 04:08:50 | Jeff Leslie (AUS) | 04:08:50 |
Team Time Trial | England Alan Gornall Deno Davie Keith Reynolds Paul Curran | 02:13:16 | New Zealand Blair Cox Graeme Miller Greg Fraine Paul Leitch | 02:14:50 | Northern Ireland Alastair Irvine Cormac McCann Joseph Barr Martin Quinn | 02:16:13 |
Pistol
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men/Open | ||||||
50m Free Pistol | Greg Yelavich (NZL) | 551 | Phil Adams (AUS) Ho Kar Fai (HKG) | 549 | ||
50m Free Pistol – Pairs | Canada Tom Guinn Claude Beaulieu | 1099 | England Paul Leatherdale Richard Wang | 1090 | Australia Phil Adams Bengt Sandström | 1085 |
25m Centre-Fire Pistol | Bob Northover (ENG) | 583 | Phil Adams (AUS) | 582 | Rod Hack (AUS) | 580 |
25m Centre-Fire Pistol – Pairs | Australia Phil Adams Rod Hack | 1165 | England Bob Northover Michael Cutler | 1157 | New Zealand Rex Hamilton Barry O'Neale | 1153 |
25m Rapid-Fire Pistol | Pat Murray (AUS) | 591 | Adrian Breton (GGY) | 588 | Mark Howkins (CAN) | 585 |
25m Rapid-Fire Pistol – Pairs | England Brian Girling Terry Turner | 1169 | Australia Pat Murray Jack Mast | 1152 | Canada Mark Howkins André Chevrefils | 1150 |
10m Air Pistol | Greg Yelavich (NZL) | 575 | Tom Guinn (CAN) | 574 | Gilbert U (HKG) | 574 |
10m Air Pistol – Pairs | England Paul Leatherdale Ian Reid | 1143 | Australia Phil Adams Bruce Favell | 1143 | New Zealand Greg Yelavich Barrie Wickins | 1140 |
Rifle
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men/Open | ||||||
50m Rifle Prone | Alan Smith (AUS) | 599 | Alister Allan (SCO) | 598 | Gale Stewart (CAN) John Knowles (SCO) | 597 |
50m Rifle Prone – Pairs | Canada Michael Ashcroft Gale Stewart | 1175 | Australia Donald Brook Alan Smith | 1171 | Wales Terry Wakefield Colin Harris | 1165 |
50m Rifle Three Positions | Malcolm Cooper (ENG) | 1170 | Alister Allan (SCO) | 1167 | Jean-François Sénécal (CAN) | 1150 |
50m Rifle Three Positions – Pairs | England Malcolm Cooper Sarah Cooper | 2278 | Canada Jean-François Sénécal Michael Dion | 2276 | Scotland Alister Allan Bill MacNeill | 2241 |
Full Bore Rifle | Stan Golinski (AUS) | 396 | Alain Marion (CAN) | 396 | John Bloomfield (ENG) | 395 |
Full Bore Rifle – Pairs | Canada Bill Baldwin Alain Marion | 583 | Australia James Corbett Stan Golinski | 583 | Northern Ireland David Calvert Martin Millar | 582 |
10m Air Rifle | Guy Lorion (CAN) | 588 | Sharon Bowes (CAN) | 583 | Malcolm Cooper (ENG) | 582 |
10m Air Rifle – Pairs | Canada Guy Lorion Sharon Bowes | 1167 | Australia Wolfgang Jobst Anton Wurfel | 1151 | England Malcolm Cooper Robert Smith | 1146 |
Shotgun
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men/Open | ||||||
Trap | Ian Peel (ENG) | 195 | Peter Boden (ENG) | 192 | Roland Phillips (WAL) | 192 |
Trap – Pairs | England Peter Boden Ian Peel | 185 | Northern Ireland Tom Hewitt Eamon Furphy | 183 | Australia Terry Rumbel Domingo Diaz | 183 |
Skeet | Nigel Kelly (IOM) | 196 | Joe Neville (ENG) | 195 | Brian Gabriel (CAN) | 195 [20] |
Skeet – Pairs | England Joe Neville Ken Harman | 195 | Canada Brian Gabriel Don Kwasyncia | 193 | New Zealand John Woolley Jeff Farrell | 189 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||||
Flyweight – Overall | Greg Hayman (AUS) | 212.5 | Charlie Revolta (SCO) | 185 | Alan Ogilvie (SCO) | 177.5 |
Bantamweight – Overall | Nick Voukelatos (AUS) | 245 | Clayton Chelley (NZL) | 217.5 | Teo Yong Joo (SIN) | 215 |
Featherweight – Overall | Ray Williams (WAL) | 252.5 | David Lowenstein (AUS) | 250 | Jeffrey Brice (WAL) | 235 |
Lightweight – Overall | Dean Willey (ENG) | 315 | Ron Laycock (AUS) | 307.5 | Langis Côté (CAN) | 290 |
Middleweight – Overall | Bill Stellios (AUS) | 302.5 | Louis Payer (CAN) | 300 | Neil Taylor (WAL) | 270 |
Light Heavyweight – Overall | Dave Morgan (WAL) | 350 | Robert Kabbas (AUS) | 325 | Peter May (ENG) | 317.5 |
Middle Heavyweight – Overall | Keith Boxell (ENG) | 350 | David Mercer (ENG) | 342.5 | Guy Greavette (CAN) | 340 |
Sub Heavyweight – Overall | Denis Garon (CAN) | 360 | Duncan Dawkins (ENG) | 332.5 | Andrew Saxton (ENG) | 327.5 |
Heavyweight – Overall | Kevin Roy (CAN) | 375 | Gino Frantangelo (AUS) | 372.5 | Andrew Davies (WAL) | 370 |
Super Heavyweight – Overall | Dean Lukin (AUS) | 392.5 | David Bolduc (CAN) | 347.5 | Charles Garzarella (AUS) | 342.5 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||||
Light Flyweight | Ron Moncur (CAN) | Duncan Burns (ENG) | David Connelly (SCO) | |||
Flyweight | Chris Woodcroft (CAN) | James McAlary (AUS) | Nigel Donohue (ENG) | |||
Bantamweight | Mitch Ostberg (CAN) | Steve Reinsfield (NZL) | Brian Aspen (ENG) | |||
Featherweight | Paul Hughes (CAN) | Dan Cumming (AUS) | Stephen Bell (NZL) | |||
Lightweight | Dave McKay (CAN) | Zsigmund Kelevitz (AUS) | Steve Cooper (ENG) | |||
Welterweight | Gary Holmes (CAN) | Geoffrey Marsh (AUS) | Fitz Walker (ENG) | |||
Middleweight | Chris Rinke (CAN) | Wally Koenig (AUS) | Tony Bull (ENG) | |||
Light Heavyweight | Noel Loban (ENG) | Doug Cox (CAN) | Graeme English (SCO) | |||
Heavyweight | Clark Davis (CAN) | Robert Algie (NZL) | David Kilpin (ENG) | |||
Super Heavyweight | Wayne Brightwell (CAN) | Albert Patrick (SCO) | Keith Peache (ENG) |
The Commonwealth Games is a quadrennial international multi-sport event among athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations, which consists mostly, but not exclusively, of territories of the former British Empire. The event was first held in 1930 as the British Empire Games and, with the exception of 1942 and 1946, has successively run every four years since. The event was called the British Empire Games from 1930 to 1950, the British Empire and Commonwealth Games from 1954 to 1966, and the British Commonwealth Games from 1970 to 1974. The event removed the word British from its title for the 1978 Games and has maintained its current name ever since.
Allan Wipper Wells is a British former track and field sprinter who became the 100 metres Olympic champion at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. In 1981, he was both the IAAF Golden Sprints and IAAF World Cup gold medallist. He is also a three-time European Cup gold medallist.
The 1970 British Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, from 16 to 25 July 1970. This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was adopted, the first time metric units rather than imperial units were used in all events, and also the first time the event was held in Scotland. Also, the event saw the first unique Games trademark logo: an emblem showing the Games emblem intertwined with a St Andrews Cross and a thistle. The event was followed by the 1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes.
The 2014 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XX Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Glasgow 2014, were an international multi-sport event celebrated in the tradition of the Commonwealth Games as governed by the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF). It took place in Glasgow, Scotland, from 23 July to 3 August 2014.
Anthony Robin Le Clerc Mosse is a former New Zealand swimmer who competed at two Summer Olympic Games and three Commonwealth Games. He won one Olympic bronze medal, as well as two gold medals, one silver and one bronze at the Commonwealth Games.
Meadowbank Stadium is a multi-purpose sports facility located in the Meadowbank area of Edinburgh, Scotland. Built on the site of the earlier New Meadowbank and Old Meadowbank sports venues, it was originally built to host the 1970 Commonwealth Games. It also hosted the Games in 1986, becoming the first venue to host the Games twice. It is the current home of Scottish League Two side Edinburgh City.
Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy from 10–26 February 2006. The Bermudian delegation consisted of a single athlete, skeleton racer Patrick Singleton. This was Bermuda's fifth Winter Olympic Games and Singleton's third consecutive Olympics as the only Bermudian athlete. In his event he came in 19th place.
The Edinburgh Marathon is an annual marathon event, governed by Scottish Athletics and run in Scotland over the traditional distance of 42.195 kilometres (26.219 mi). The first marathon event in Edinburgh was in 1982. Further marathons were held in Edinburgh in 1986 and 1999. Since 2003 the Edinburgh Marathon Festival has been held each year, usually in May. The current route begins in the city centre, moves out of Edinburgh into East Lothian, finishing at Musselburgh, East Lothian.
At the 1986 Commonwealth Games, the athletics events were held at the Meadowbank Stadium in Edinburgh, Scotland. A total of 41 events were contested, of which 23 by male and 18 by female athletes.
James Barrie Mabbott is a former New Zealand rower who won an Olympic bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
The Commonwealth Paraplegic Games were an international, multi-sport event involving athletes with a disability from the Commonwealth countries. The event was sometimes referred to as the Paraplegic Empire Games and British Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Athletes were generally those with spinal injuries or polio. The Games were an important milestone in the Paralympic sports movement as they began the decline of the Stoke Mandeville Games' dominating influence. The event was first held in 1962 and disestablished in 1974. The Games were held in the country hosting the Commonwealth Games for able-bodied athletes, a tradition eventually fully adopted by the larger Olympic and Paralympic movements.
Richard John Edward Patterson is a weightlifting competitor for New Zealand.
This article lists the Venues of the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7–23 February 2014. This was Bermuda's seventh appearance at a Winter Olympic Games, and cross-country skier Tucker Murphy's second consecutive Games as the only athlete. In the 15 kilometre race, he finished in 84th place.
Callum Skinner is a British former track cyclist. He won the silver medal in the individual sprint at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and was a member of the British team that won gold in the team sprint.
The Third Commonwealth Paraplegic Games was a multi-sport event that was held in Edinburgh, Scotland from 26 July to 1 August 1970. Dubbed the "little games", they followed the 1970 British Commonwealth Games which were held in Edinburgh from 16 to 25 July of that year.
John M. Morbey is a former British and Bermudian long jumper, triple jumper and sprinter. He competed for Great Britain in the long jump at the 1964 Summer Olympics, finished eleventh. Representing Bermuda, he won a silver medal in the long jump at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. Morbey also placed fifteenth in the triple jump and was eliminated in the heats of the 110 yards and 4 x 110 yards relay.
Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9–25 February 2018. This was the territory's eighth appearance in the Winter Olympics. For the third consecutive Olympics, Bermuda was represented by one athlete, cross-country skier Tucker Murphy, who finished his only event in 104th place.
In light of the British Government policy of maintaining sporting links with apartheid South Africa, Bermuda did not decide until very late whether to join what was a significant boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland. The team took part in the Opening Ceremony but withdrew from the Games the following day.
Preceded by Brisbane | Commonwealth Games Edinburgh XIII Commonwealth Games | Succeeded by Auckland |