2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak

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2008 Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak
Noaa-outbreak-graphic.png
Map of reported tornadoes (tornadoes in red)
TypeTornado outbreak
DurationFebruary 5–6, 2008
Tornadoes
confirmed		87 confirmed
(Record for a tornado outbreak in February)
Max. rating1 EF4 tornado
Duration of
tornado outbreak2		15 hours, 20 minutes
Fatalities57 fatalities (+4 non-tornadic), 425 injuries
Damage$1.2 billion (2008 USD) [1]
Areas affected Southern United States, Lower Ohio River Valley
1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale
2Time from first tornado to last tornado

The 2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak [2] was a deadly tornado outbreak which affected the Southern United States and the lower Ohio Valley on February 5 and 6, 2008. The event began on Super Tuesday, while 24 states in the United States were holding primary elections and caucuses to select the presidential candidates for the upcoming presidential election. Missouri, Illinois, Arkansas, Alabama, and Tennessee were among the affected regions in which primaries were being held. Some voting locations were forced to close early due to the approaching severe weather. [3]

Contents

The outbreak generated 87 tornadoes over 15 hours from the afternoon of February 5 until the early morning of February 6.[ citation needed ] The storm system produced several destructive tornadoes in heavily populated areas, most notably in the Memphis metropolitan area, in Jackson, Tennessee, and the northeastern end of the Nashville metropolitan area.

A total of 57 people were killed across four states and 18 counties, with hundreds of others injured. [4] The outbreak, at the time, was the deadliest in the era of modern NEXRAD doppler radar, which was fully implemented in 1997. [5] The event was the second deadliest in February since 1950 behind the Tornado outbreak of February 21–22, 1971, which killed 123, [6] the deadliest outbreak in both Tennessee and Kentucky since the 1974 Super Outbreak, [7] and was at the time the deadliest tornado outbreak in the US overall since the 1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak which killed 76 people. [8] This record would not be surpassed until the 2011 Super Outbreak which killed 324 people. Damage from tornadoes was estimated at over $500 million (2008 USD). [9]

The weather system which produced the tornadoes caused significant straight-line wind damage, hail as large as softballs –4.5 inches (11 cm) in diameter – major flooding, significant freezing rain, and heavy snow across many areas of eastern North America. The total damage from the entire weather system reached $1.2 billion. [1]

Meteorological synopsis

The SPC's convective outlook on February 5, 2008, at 1939 UTC (1:39 pm CST) 2-5-08CO.png
The SPC's convective outlook on February 5, 2008, at 1939 UTC (1:39 pm CST)

A series of strong low pressure systems formed across the southern Great Plains on February 4, [10] contributing to record warmth on February 4 and 5 in the southern Plains and lower Mississippi River Valley. High temperatures across many areas reached the 70s°F (21–26 °C), and in Alabama temperatures reached the low 80s°F (27 °C) with dew points in the middle 60s° (17–20 °C). [11] Dewpoints in the mid 60s°F were recorded as far north as Memphis. [6] A strong cold front trailing the low-pressure area approached the region from the west. [10]

As the surface low progressed northeast, a strong jet streak was positioned over the warm sector, with winds moving East which was perpendicular to the direction of the surface winds, which were out at the southeast. This sharp change in winds resulted in much wind shear and wind profiles favoring rotating supercells capable of producing significant tornadoes. [12] The strong jet streak also provided tons of lift, favoring supercells to form in the open warm sector. instability across the outbreak area. CAPE values, a measurement of the level of tropospheric instability, was well over 1000 J/kg, and Storm Relative Helicity, a measurement of the potential for rotating winds, reached over 200 m2/s². [13]

EF4 damage to a large brick home near Moulton, Alabama. MoultonEF42008.jpg
EF4 damage to a large brick home near Moulton, Alabama.

On February 5 at 6:39 am CST (1239 UTC), the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a high risk of severe storms for most of Arkansas, [14] the first in February since 1998. [15] At 10:16 am CST (1616 UTC), the high risk area was extended farther northeast to include western Kentucky, northwestern Mississippi, the Missouri Bootheel, West Tennessee, and Southern Illinois. [16] A moderate risk of severe weather was issued for northwestern Alabama, the rest of Arkansas, the rest of southern Illinois, southern Indiana, most of the rest of Kentucky, northern Louisiana, central Mississippi, parts of southeastern Missouri, southwestern Ohio, eastern Oklahoma, middle Tennessee and northeastern Texas. [16] A total of fifteen watches were issued by the SPC during the outbreak, including thirteen tornado watches (two of which were PDS watches) and two severe thunderstorm watches. [17] [18]

Early on the morning of February 5, a squall line developed across eastern Texas northward into Missouri and moved east towards the high risk area. [13] Ahead of the squall line, the cap took longer than expected to break, but when it finally did in the late afternoon hours, numerous supercell thunderstorms quickly formed across Arkansas and southern Missouri. The first tornadoes touched down around 3:30 pm CST (2130 UTC). [19] A cap is a layer of relatively warm air aloft (usually several thousand feet above the ground) which suppresses or delays the development of thunderstorms; the cap often prevents or delays thunderstorm development even in the presence of extreme instability. However, if the cap is removed or weakened, then explosive thunderstorm development can occur. [20] Some of the most powerful tornado-producing supercells were situated across the Memphis and Jackson areas, as well as central Arkansas (one producing a tornado that tracked 122 miles (196 km) and lasted about two hours) between 5:00 and 7:30 pm CST (2300 to 0130 UTC) while numerous other tornadoes were reported across northern Mississippi northwest of Tupelo, Mississippi, early in the evening. As the evening progressed, one of these supercells traveled across Middle Tennessee including the Nashville metropolitan area and south-central Kentucky, where several deadly tornadoes were reported during the evening hours between 7:30 pm and 11:00 pm CST (0130 to 0500 UTC) Meanwhile, the squall line that developed from near Dallas to Kansas City moved eastward throughout the late evening and overnight hours causing numerous reports of damaging wind along with many spin-up tornadoes from Louisiana to Ohio and Indiana. It then moved through the southeast U.S. during the early morning hours. [21] Additional strong thunderstorms developed ahead of the front across the southeast during the overnight and early morning hours. [11] A record (at the time) of five tornado emergency declarations were issued on February 5; four for Tennessee, [22] and one in Alabama. [23]

On February 6, a slight risk of severe weather was issued for much of the eastern United States from Pennsylvania to the Florida Panhandle as the squall line raced eastward ahead of the cold front. [24] After several additional tornadoes touched down in Alabama during the early morning hours just before dawn, the primary severe weather threat became damaging wind across the Mid-Atlantic States. [25] No additional tornadoes were reported during the late morning and afternoon as the cold front exited into the Atlantic Ocean, although wind damage was reported across eastern Kentucky, eastern Pennsylvania and most of Georgia. [25] Farther north, snow and freezing rain, at times heavy, continued from Iowa to Quebec until February 7 as the center of the system moved slowly out of the area. [26] [27]

Confirmed tornadoes

Tracks of all the tornadoes which touched down during the outbreak Super Tuesday outbreak tornado map.png
Tracks of all the tornadoes which touched down during the outbreak
Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFUEF0EF1EF2EF3EF4EF5Total
031301655087

Atkins–Clinton–Mountain View–Highland, Arkansas

  1. 1 2 Billion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters National Climatic Data Center. Accessed January 28, 2009.
  2. ↑ NWS Mobile (February 6, 2008). "Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on March 28, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  3. ↑ "Voters turn out in droves for Super Tuesday". CNN.com. February 6, 2008. Archived from the original on April 14, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  4. 1 2 3 4 CNN (February 6, 2008). "Severe weather, tornadoes kill dozens across South". CNN.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  5. ↑ Amitai, Eyal; Greenbelt; X. Llort. "Comparison of TRMM radar rainfall estimates with NOAA Next Generation QPE in high-impact hydrometeorological events". American Meteorological Society . Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  6. 1 2 Hayes, John L. (March 2009). "Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak of February 5–6, 2008" (PDF). National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 2, 2009.
  7. ↑ TVNZ (February 8, 2008). "Tornado toll rises to 57". TVNZ.co.nz. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  8. ↑ John L. Hayes (March 2009). "Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak of February 5–6, 2008" (PDF). The National Weather Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 11, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  9. ↑ Storm Events database Archived September 15, 1999, at the Wayback Machine National Climatic Data Center. Accessed May 13, 2008.
  10. 1 2 "HPC Synoptic Scale Analysis Loop – 080205/1200Z – 080206/0900Z". Storm Prediction Center. February 5, 2008. Archived from the original (Java) on 2009-02-11. Retrieved May 6, 2008.
  11. 1 2 3 NWS Birmingham, Alabama. "Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak February 5th & 6th, 2008". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on February 10, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  12. ↑ "WPC Surface Analysis Archive".
  13. 1 2 NWS Little Rock (February 6, 2008). "Severe Weather on February 5, 2008 (Pg1)". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 3, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  14. ↑ "Feb 5, 2008 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Storm Prediction Center. February 5, 2008. Retrieved May 6, 2008.
  15. ↑ Wehrle, Andre R. "Some high-risk days of the 1980s and 1990s". Archived from the original on February 8, 2007. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  16. 1 2 Hales (February 5, 2008). "Feb 5, 2008 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  17. ↑ Storm Prediction Center (February 5, 2008). "Tornado Watch 34". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 7, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  18. ↑ Storm Prediction Center (February 6, 2008). "Tornado Watch 48". National Weather Service. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  19. ↑ Racy (February 5, 2008). "Mesoscale Discussion 161". Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  20. ↑ "Weather glossary for storm spotters". National Weather Service, Norman, Oklahoma. March 11, 2008. Archived from the original on March 8, 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2008.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Storm Prediction Center (February 5, 2008). "SPC Storm Reports for February 5, 2008". National Weather Service. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  22. 1 2 NWS Memphis (February 5, 2008). "Severe Weather Statement". NOAA.
  23. 1 2 NWS Huntsville. "Severe Weather Statement". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  24. ↑ Mead (February 6, 2008). "Feb 6, 2008 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  25. 1 2 "Storm reports for 02/06/2008". Storm Prediction Center. February 6, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  26. 1 2 CTV (Southwestern Ontario) (February 6, 2008). "Winter storm and freezing rain warnings in effect for some areas". CTV. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  27. 1 2 "800 vehicles trapped on Wisconsin interstate". CNN.com. Associated Press. February 7, 2008. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  28. ↑ "Atkins Community Works Together In Tornado Aftermath". Little Rock, Arkansas: KTHV. February 7, 2008. Archived from the original on February 10, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  29. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information".
  30. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information".
  31. ↑ Hart, Sydney (February 5, 2008). "Tornado to Blame for Two Deaths in Conway County". Arkansasmatters.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  32. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information".
  33. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information".
  34. ↑ Yeager, Melissa (February 8, 2008). "Tornado that hit Mountain View peeled roof off hospital". KY3.com. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
  35. 1 2 Carbin, Greg; Thompson, Daphne (February 7, 2008). "Preliminary Tracks/County-Fatalities and State-Fatalities for Feb 5–6, 2008 Outbreak". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on April 13, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  36. ↑ "NWS Little Rock, AR - Damage Pictures (February 5, 2008)".
  37. ↑ NWS Little Rock (February 7, 2008). "NWS Little Rock, AR - Severe Weather on February 5, 2008". NWS Little Rock. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
  38. ↑ Region 8 Storm Center (February 8, 2008). "Tornadic Damage Rating Upgraded to EF4". KAIT 8 (Jonesboro, Arkansas). Archived from the original on April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  39. 1 2 Arkansas Department of Emergency Management (February 9, 2008). "State Situation, Tornado Summary". Arkansas Department of Emergency Management. Archived from the original on February 10, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  40. ↑ National Climatic Data Center (May 16, 2008). "Storm Events Database". NOAA. Archived from the original on May 3, 2008. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
  41. ↑ "At least two tornadoes hit Mississippi". The Natchez Democrat. The Associated Press. February 6, 2008. Archived from the original on April 10, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  42. ↑ WREG-TV (Memphis, Tennessee) (February 5, 2008). "Tornadoes in the Mid-South 2-5-2008". wreg.com. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
  43. 1 2 3 Callahan, Jody (February 5, 2008). "Storms slice through Mid-South". Commercial Appeal.com. Archived from the original on April 20, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  44. ↑ "Tornado touchdown, storm damage reported across Memphis area". WMC-TV (Memphis). Associated Press. February 5, 2008. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  45. ↑ CTV News via The Associated Press (February 5, 2008). "Tornadoes rip through U.S. South, at least 15 dead". CTV.ca. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  46. ↑ TNEMA (February 8, 2008). "Tornado Emergency Summary Feb 5–6, 2008" (PDF). TNEMA.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  47. ↑ "Official: Could take 3 weeks to get power to area of Memphis". The Tennessean.com. Associated Press. February 7, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  48. 1 2 "At least 8 people dead after tornadoes hit Tenn". WMC-TV (Memphis). Associated Press. February 6, 2008. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  49. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information".
  50. ↑ Brown, George (February 5, 2008). "REAL TIME STORM". WREG-TV (Memphis). Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  51. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information".
  52. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information".
  53. ↑ NWS Memphis. "February 5, 2008 - Storm Damage Survey". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  54. ↑ NWS Memphis. "The January 17–22, 1999 Tornado Outbreak --- Preliminary Synopsis". NOAA. Archived from the original on November 2, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  55. ↑ NWS Memphis. "Madison County Tornado May 4, 2003". NOAA. Archived from the original on December 14, 2004. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  56. ↑ News Channel 5 (February 6, 2008). "Storms Devastate Union University". Newschannel5.com. Archived from the original on February 13, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  57. ↑ Cheshier, Tajuana; Anthony, Ashley (February 7, 2008). "Union's damage estimates may reach $40M". The Jackson Sun. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  58. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information".
  59. 1 2 3 4 5 NWS Nashville. "Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak - February 5–6, 2008". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on November 18, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
  60. ↑ "Predators deal with Hurricanes, then tornadoes in Nashville". NHL.com. Associated Press. February 6, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  61. ↑ WTVF (Nashville) (February 5, 2008). "Hockey Fans Take Refuge In Arena". NewsChannel5.com. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  62. ↑ Boyd, Bobby. "Why Did The Tornado Skip Nashville & Davidson County – A Meteorologist's Theory". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on February 17, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2008.
  63. ↑ Marshall, Anne (February 6, 2008). "Historic Inn Suffers Damage In Storms". WSMV-TV (Nashville). Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  64. ↑ AP writers (February 18, 2008). "Tornado death count up 1 to 32". WMCtv.com. Retrieved March 16, 2008.[ permanent dead link ]
  65. ↑ Sisk, Chas (February 10, 2008). "Trousdale County feels forgotten". The Tennessean.com. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  66. ↑ "TORNADO EMERGENCY SUMMARY" (PDF). Tennessee Emergency Management Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-09. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  67. ↑ News Channel 5 (February 6, 2008). "Natural Gas Plant Erupts In Flames". Newschannel5.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  68. ↑ Newschannel 5 (March 20, 2008). "Tornado Victims Rebuild In Macon County". Newschannel5.com 2008. Archived from the original on June 9, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  69. ↑ NWS Louisville. "Debris found in Adair County". National Weather Service. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  70. ↑ The Tennessean (February 7, 2008). "Power restored in Macon County seat". The Tennessean. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  71. ↑ The Tennessean (February 8, 2008). "Trousdale to get power at 10 p.m." The Tennessean. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  72. ↑ "Emergency officials say 24 killed by storms in Tennessee". WMC-TV (Memphis). Associated Press. February 6, 2008. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  73. ↑ The Tennessean (February 6, 2008). "Macon: Gas fire erupts; at least 10 deaths reported". The Tennessean.com. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  74. ↑ Sledge, Colby; Howard, Kate (February 7, 2008). "Macon death toll now at 14". The Tennessean.com. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  75. ↑ The Tennessean (February 7, 2008). "Macon County schools closed until Feb. 19". The Tennessean. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  76. ↑ The Tennessean (February 7, 2008). "Tornadoes destroyed hundreds of homes". The Tennessean.com. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  77. ↑ News Channel 5 (February 11, 2008). "Tornado Damage Estimates Coming In". Newschannel5.com. Archived from the original on February 13, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  78. ↑ NWS Louisville. "National Weather Service Monroe County Storm Survey Details". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on March 24, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  79. ↑ Bard, Travis (February 14, 2008). "Tennessee Tornado Death Toll Revised". Myeyewitnessnews.com. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  80. ↑ "At least 54 dead in destructive onslaught of tornadoes in the South". News8austin.com (Austin, Texas). Associated Press. February 6, 2008. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  81. ↑ NWS Huntsville (February 6, 2008). ""Super Tuesday" Outbreak Weather Summary". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  82. ↑ NWS Birmingham. "EF-1 Beaverton - Guin Tornado - February 6, 2008". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on March 28, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  83. ↑ NWS Birmingham. "EF-2 Newtonville - Oakman Tornado - February 6, 2008". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on March 16, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  84. 1 2 3 4 5 NWS Huntsville, Alabama. "Lawrence/Morgan County Tornado". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on March 28, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  85. ↑ Decatur Daily (February 7, 2008). "4th tornado victim dies". Decatur Daily.com. Archived from the original on February 19, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  86. ↑ Thomas, Ronnie (February 7, 2008). "Family of 3 killed when twister shreds home in Lawrence". Decatur Daily.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  87. ↑ Spann, James (February 6, 2008). "New Huntsville Storm Survey Info". WBMA-LP (Birmingham, Alabama). Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  88. ↑ NWS Little Rock (February 9, 2008). "Severe Weather on February 5, 2008 (Pg2)". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  89. ↑ "Hourly Data Report for February 04, 2008 (Toronto Pearson Airport)". Environment Canada. Archived from the original on February 14, 2009. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  90. ↑ "NEW: 3 bodies found in flooded quarry as swollen rivers crest". Tribstar.com. Associated Press. February 7, 2008. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  91. ↑ "Rivers begin to recede, still causing problems". NBC 24. com (Toledo, Ohio). Associated Press. February 7, 2008. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  92. ↑ Grimes, Becky (February 6, 2008). "Flooding Extensive In The Northern Miami Valley". WHIO-TV 7 (Dayton, Ohio). Archived from the original on 2008-02-20. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  93. ↑ NWS Indianapolis (February 10, 2008). "Significant to near Major Flood for Western and Southern Indiana". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  94. 1 2 NWS Milwaukee/Sullivan (February 11, 2008). "February 5–6, 2008 Major Winter Storm Southern Wisconsin". National Weather Service. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  95. ↑ NWS Quad Cities, Iowa/IL (February 7, 2008). "Snowfall Reports from February 5th & 6th". Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  96. ↑ NWS Grand Rapids (February 7, 2008). "Major Winter Storm Hits Central and Southern Lower Michigan". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  97. ↑ CTV News (February 6, 2008). "GTA hit by second snowstorm in less than 24 hours". CTV. Archived from the original on February 7, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  98. ↑ Environment Canada (Southern Ontario/Ottawa-Gatineau) (February 7, 2008). "Weather summary for all of southern Ontario and The national Capital region". vaughanweather.com via Environment Canada. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  99. ↑ City News Toronto (February 7, 2008). "GTA Digs Out From Biggest One Day Feb. Snowfall In 30 Years". CityNews.ca. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  100. 1 2 Black, Lisa; Fergus, Mary Ann; Wang, Andrew L. (February 6, 2008). "Fickle storm delivers a slushy punch". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  101. ↑ CBC News (February 7, 2008). "Winter storm moves east out of GTA". CBC. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  102. ↑ Jones, Meg; Garza, Jesse (February 6, 2008). "Snowstorm living up to advance billing". Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 3, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  103. 1 2 "Chicago Recovering From Latest Bout Of Snow". NBC5.com. Associated Press/WMAQ-TV (Chicago). February 7, 2008. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  104. ↑ Associated Press/NBC Detroit (February 7, 2008). "Metro Detroit Digs Out, Cleans Up". ClickonDetroit.com. Archived from the original on April 13, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  105. ↑ "Fatal Interstate Crash". NBC 15 WMTV (Madison, Wisconsin). Associated Press. February 6, 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-02-13. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  106. ↑ Hughes, Graham (February 7, 2008). "Very slippery". The Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  107. ↑ Federal Emergency Management Agency (February 7, 2008). "President Declares Major Disaster For Arkansas". US Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on February 10, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  108. 1 2 Paine, Anne; Colby Sledge; Rachel Stults (February 8, 2008). "Tennessee rallies to help storm-tossed counties". The Tennessean.com. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  109. ↑ "President Bush declares Tenn. counties major disaster area". WMC-TV (Memphis). Associated Press. February 8, 2008. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  110. ↑ Tennessee Government (February 12, 2008). "Bredesen Announces Eight Additional Counties Approved For Federal Disaster Aid". Tennesseeanytime.org. Archived from the original on May 27, 2007. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  111. ↑ UPI writers (February 6, 2008). "Bush to visit tornado-struck Tennessee". United Press International. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  112. ↑ WPTY-TV (Memphis) (February 9, 2008). "TN Department Of Human Services Offers Assistance To Tornado Victims". Myeyewitnessnews.com. Retrieved April 26, 2008.[ dead link ]
  113. ↑ Nashville Predators (February 6, 2008). "Predators to Donate Half of Remaining Ticket Sales to Feb. 7 Game to Tornado Relief Efforts". Nashville Predator/National Hockey League. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
  114. ↑ WTVF (Nashville) (February 9, 2008). "Titans Help Storm Victims". NewsChannel5.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
Atkins–Clinton–Mountain View–Highland, Arkansas
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