Yell County, Arkansas

Yell County
County
Yell County Courthouse, Dardanelle
Location within the U.S. state of Arkansas
Arkansas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 34°59′54″N93°27′09″W / 34.9983°N 93.4525°W / 34.9983; -93.4525
Country	United States
State	Arkansas
Founded	December 5, 1840
Named for	Archibald Yell
Seat	Danville (western district); Dardanelle (eastern district)
Largest city	Dardanelle
Government
•  County judge	Jeff Gilkey
Area
• Total	949 sq mi (2,460 km2)
• Land	930 sq mi (2,400 km2)
• Water	19 sq mi (50 km2)  2.0%
Population  (2020)
• Total	20,263
• Estimate  (2021)	20,155
• Density	21/sq mi (8.2/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	4th
Website	yellcountyar.gov

Yell County is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,263. ^[1] The county has two county seats, Dardanelle and Danville. ^[2] Yell County is Arkansas's 42nd county, formed on December 5, 1840, from portions of Scott and Pope counties. It was named after Archibald Yell, who was the state's first member of the United States House of Representatives and the second governor of Arkansas. He died in combat at the Battle of Buena Vista during the Mexican–American War.

Yell County is part of the Russellville micropolitan statistical Area. Yell County is a dry county as alcohol is prohibited.

History

See also: Prehistory of Arkansas

Native Americans first inhabited present-day Yell County and the Arkansas River Valley for thousands of years prior to European colonization. They used the open, fertile floodplain of the Arkansas River for hunting grounds and later farming settlements. During the Thomas Jefferson and Indian Removal era, many Cherokee were voluntarily relocating from Georgia along the Arkansas River, including in Yell County, between 1775 and 1786. A large Cherokee reservation across the Arkansas River from Yell County was established in 1815 to encourage further voluntary relocation from Georgia.

The area presently encompassed as Yell County was first settled by European settlers when James Carden built a house in 1819 among Cherokee farms in the Dardanelle Bottoms, at the confluence of the Arkansas and Petit Jean rivers. ^[3] Lands south of the Arkansas River had been deeded to the Choctaw in the 1820s when they removed from their homelands east of the Mississippi River, but white settlement and Cherokee relocation continued apace into the 1820s. The peoples competed over the prime river-bottom lands.

In June 1823, a meeting between numerous Cherokee chiefs and acting Territorial Governor Robert Crittenden was held under two large oak trees. Long believed by many to result in a "Council Oaks Treaty" reestablishing Cherokee title of 3.2 million acres (1.3 million hectares) north of the Arkansas River, Crittenden had no treaty-making authority and the meeting ended with no agreement other than each party sending separate letters to Secretary of War John C. Calhoun. ^{[4] [5] [6]}

Some Cherokee remained on their farms south of the river, the group identifying itself as Black Dutch, intermarrying and assimilating with the area's white settlers. ^[7]

In 1830, the United States Congress enacted the Indian Removal Act, leading to further, forcible Cherokee settlement from the Southeast into the Arkansas River Valley. Cherokee, Muskogee (Creek), and Seminole were forcibly removed along the Trail of Tears through Yell County to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma).

Yell County was taken by Union forces in the Civil War in October 1862. A Confederate force of approximately 1,500 tried to retake Dardanelle in January 1865, failing after a four-hour battle. First Sergeant William Ellis of the 3rd Wisconsin Cavalry received a Medal of Honor for holding his position despite multiple wounds.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 949 square miles (2,460 km²), of which 930 square miles (2,400 km²) is land and 19 square miles (49 km²) (2.0%) is water. ^[8]

Adjacent counties

• Pope County (north)
• Conway County (northeast)
• Perry County (east)
• Garland County (southeast)
• Montgomery County (south)
• Scott County (west)
• Logan County (northwest)

National protected areas

• Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge (part)
• Ouachita National Forest (part)
• Ozark National Forest (part)

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1850	3,341		—
1860	6,333		89.6%
1870	8,048		27.1%
1880	13,852		72.1%
1890	18,015		30.1%
1900	22,750		26.3%
1910	26,323		15.7%
1920	25,655		−2.5%
1930	21,313		−16.9%
1940	20,970		−1.6%
1950	14,057		−33.0%
1960	11,940		−15.1%
1970	14,208		19.0%
1980	17,026		19.8%
1990	17,759		4.3%
2000	21,139		19.0%
2010	22,185		4.9%
2020	20,263		−8.7%
2023 (est.)	20,044	[9]	−1.1%
U.S. Decennial Census [10] 1790–1960 [11] 1900–1990 [12] 1990–2000 [13] 2010 [1] 2020 [1]

Age pyramid Yell County

2020 census

Yell County racial composition ^[15]

Race	Number	Percentage
White (non-Hispanic)	14,710	72.6%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)	226	1.12%
Native American	111	0.55%
Asian	202	1.0%
Pacific Islander	11	0.05%
Other/Mixed	799	3.94%
Hispanic or Latino	4,204	20.75%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 20,263 people, 7,503 households, and 5,542 families residing in the county.

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, ^[16] there were 21,139 people, 7,922 households, and 5,814 families residing in the county. The population density was 23 people per square mile (8.9 people/km²). There were 9,157 housing units at an average density of 10 per square mile (3.9/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 86.63% White, 1.47% Black or African American, 0.58% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 8.99% from other races, and 1.62% from two or more races. 12.73% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 12.00% reported speaking Spanish at home. ^[17]

There were 7,922 households, out of which 33.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.50% were married couples living together, 10.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.60% were non-families. 23.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.80% under the age of 18, 8.90% from 18 to 24, 28.30% from 25 to 44, 22.00% from 45 to 64, and 15.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,916, and the median income for a family was $33,409. Males had a median income of $23,172 versus $18,148 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,383. About 11.70% of families and 15.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.20% of those under age 18 and 12.80% of those age 65 or over.

Human resources

Public safety

See also: Sheriffs in the United States § Arkansas

The Yell County Sheriff's Office is the primary law enforcement agency in the county. The agency is led by the Yell County Sheriff, an official elected by countywide vote every four years. Police departments in Dardanelle, Danville, and Ola provide law enforcement in their respective jurisdictions, with Bellville, Havana, and Plainview contracting with the Sheriff's Office for law enforcement services.

The current sheriff of Yell County is Nick Gault. Gault was elected to office in the 2022 General Election. ^[18]

The chief officer of the law in Yell County, as in all Arkansas counties, is the sheriff.

Yell County Sheriffs, 1840-Present

Yell County Sheriffs ^[19]

Name	Year Elected	Year Left	Total Years	Notable Accomplishments
Theodore P Sadler	1840	1846	6	First county sheriff
S. Kirkpatrick	1846	1852	6
Joseph Garrett	1852	1854	2
J. C. Herin	1854	1856	2
Joseph Gault	1856	1862	6
Lorenzo Free	1862	1863	1
O. Wood	1863	1864	1
William Henry Ferguson	1864	1871	7
Jesse George	1871	1872	1
J. A. Wilson	1872	1874	2
Reuben E. Cole	1874	1880	6
Levi L. Briggs	1880	1882	2
Joseph L. Davis	1882	1886	4
H. B. McCarrell	1886	1890	4
Joseph Haston Howard	1890	1892	2
Sam Gordon Albright	1892	1896	4
B. H. Burnett	1896	1900	6
James M. Cole	1900	1904	4
William Franklin Briggs	1904	1906	2
William L. Tatum	1906	1910	4
Theodore Riley Gault	1910	1914	4
Will T. Caviness	1914	1919	5
J. N. George	1919	1923	4
Joe D. Gault	1923	1926	3
Baxter Gatlin	1927	1930	3
Buford Compton	1931	1946	15
Earl E Lad	1947	1956	9
Herman D. McCormick	1957	1968	11
Carlos Mitchell	1969	1976	7	Construction of the old Danville Jail (Replaced in 2016) Construction of the old Dardanelle Jail (Replaced in 2016)
Hartsell Lewis	1977	1978	1
Denver Dennis	1979	1988	9
Mike May	1989	1992	3
Loyd W. Maughn	1993	1998	5	Construction of Juvenile Detention Center (1997)
Bill Gilkey	1999	March 31, 2022	23 Years 3 Months	Construction of New Law Enforcement Center and Jail (2016) Longest serving sheriff in Yell Count (2017) Longest current serving sheriff in the state of Arkansas (2017) In 2017, he became the longest currently-serving sheriff in Arkansas, after 19 years in the office. He is also the longest-serving sheriff in the county's history. Gilkey has sat on state boards such as the Arkansas Crime Lab Board and Arkansas Act 309 Board. Gilkey is credited with the creation of the Yell County Law Enforcement Center in 2016, which replaces two of the county's older jails that did not meet state standards, and houses the sheriff's office. The new building also houses CID offices, revenue office, and an updated E911 dispatch center.
Heath Tate	April 1, 2022	December 2022	9 Months	Interim Sheriff after Gilkey's retirement in March 2022.
Nick Gault	2023

Culture and contemporary life

Two homes listed on the National Register of historic Places in Yell County: the Thomas James Cotton House in Dardanelle (left) and the Mitchell House in rural Waltreak

Main article: Culture of Arkansas

Yell County has several historical homes, structures, and monuments dedicated to preserving the history and culture of the area. The Dardanelle Commercial Historic District preserves the historic commercial hub of Yell County along the Arkansas River. The Mt. Nebo State Park Cabins Historic District preserves ten cabins built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s. The county also has seven homes, three churches, and two bridges listed on the NRHP.

Upon settlement, Yell County's varied topography created a stratified society, splitting settlers between the more fertile and productive farms of the "lowlands" and the subsistence farming of the steep and less-productive mountain soil of the "uplands". ^[20] A planter class emerged in the lowlands, and as Dardanelle evolved into a cohesive community, the large landowners moved to town and managed their landholdings from stately homes, similar to the model seen in the Arkansas Delta and the Mississippi Delta. ^[20] This left the lowlands inhabited largely by poor sharecroppers and tenant farmers, who largely shared economic fortunes with the small farms in the uplands, shifting the "upland/lowland" split to a "town-country" divide based largely on economics.

See also: Gilded Age § The South

As mechanization and society evolved and Arkansas became less of a frontier, a wealthy upper class emerged in Dardanelle that came to wield societal, political, and economic power in the county. This society remained relatively closed, with separate social events and often summering on Mount Nebo with other wealthy Arkansans visiting to enjoy the cool mountain breezes. ^[21] With little of the industrialization that defined the Gilded Age in the Northeast and Midwest, Yell County instead retained an adjusted Old South economic model based on agriculture but adapted to a post-Reconstruction reality. ^[22]

Government

Yell County Eastern District Courthouse in Dardanelle

See also: County government in Arkansas, County judge, and Quorum Court

The county government is a constitutional body granted specific powers by the Constitution of Arkansas and the Arkansas Code. The quorum court is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all spending and revenue collection. Representatives are called justices of the peace and are elected from county districts every even-numbered year. The number of districts in a county vary from nine to fifteen, and district boundaries are drawn by the county election commission. The Yell County Quorum Court has eleven members. ^[23] Presiding over quorum court meetings is the county judge, who serves as the chief operating officer of the county. The county judge is elected at-large and does not vote in quorum court business, although capable of vetoing quorum court decisions. ^{[24] [25]} Though Yell County has two county seats, the constitutional officers are not duplicated, with duties split between the two courthouses.

Politics

Over the past few election cycles Yell county has trended heavily towards the GOP. The last Democratic presidential candidate (as of 2020) to carry this county was native Arkansan Bill Clinton in 1996.

United States presidential election results for Yell County, Arkansas ^[26]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	5,226	77.53%	1,284	19.05%	231	3.43%
2016	4,608	71.56%	1,480	22.98%	351	5.45%
2012	4,042	67.66%	1,722	28.82%	210	3.52%
2008	3,808	63.09%	2,003	33.18%	225	3.73%
2004	3,678	55.23%	2,913	43.75%	68	1.02%
2000	3,223	49.75%	3,062	47.26%	194	2.99%
1996	2,111	31.77%	3,749	56.43%	784	11.80%
1992	2,506	32.79%	4,165	54.49%	972	12.72%
1988	3,535	55.84%	2,763	43.64%	33	0.52%
1984	4,051	59.56%	2,679	39.39%	72	1.06%
1980	3,187	44.65%	3,702	51.87%	248	3.47%
1976	1,932	25.04%	5,785	74.96%	0	0.00%
1972	3,310	66.48%	1,669	33.52%	0	0.00%
1968	1,819	34.44%	1,513	28.65%	1,949	36.91%
1964	1,527	30.86%	3,407	68.86%	14	0.28%
1960	1,303	37.96%	2,008	58.49%	122	3.55%
1956	1,381	40.70%	2,008	59.18%	4	0.12%
1952	1,243	39.54%	1,884	59.92%	17	0.54%
1948	408	16.85%	1,866	77.08%	147	6.07%
1944	489	22.94%	1,642	77.02%	1	0.05%
1940	224	9.08%	2,236	90.64%	7	0.28%
1936	318	11.78%	2,382	88.22%	0	0.00%
1932	272	11.88%	2,010	87.77%	8	0.35%
1928	802	27.65%	2,086	71.91%	13	0.45%
1924	334	19.15%	1,314	75.34%	96	5.50%
1920	1,042	34.21%	1,925	63.20%	79	2.59%
1916	781	27.12%	2,099	72.88%	0	0.00%
1912	436	17.18%	1,401	55.20%	701	27.62%
1908	1,040	34.70%	1,743	58.16%	214	7.14%
1904	913	44.32%	1,079	52.38%	68	3.30%
1900	798	33.73%	1,554	65.68%	14	0.59%
1896	812	26.32%	2,261	73.29%	12	0.39%

Education

Public education

Early childhood, elementary and secondary education within Yell County is provided by four public school districts: ^[27]

• Danville School District
• Dardanelle School District
• Two Rivers School District—formed in 2004 by the consolidation of the former Fourche Valley School District, Ola School District, Perry–Casa School District, and Plainview–Rover School District.
• Western Yell County School District—formed in 1985 by the consolidation of the former Belleville School District and Havana School District.

Dissolved school districts

• Fourche Valley School District
• Ola School District
• Perry–Casa School District
• Plainview-Rover School District
• Havana School District
• Belleville School District
• Carden Bottoms School District

Public libraries

The Arkansas River Valley Regional Library System, is headquartered in Dardanelle and serves multiple counties and consists of one central library and six branch libraries, including the Yell County Library, a branch library in Danville. ^[28]

Communities

Cities

• Belleville
• Danville (county seat)
• Dardanelle (county seat)
• Havana
• Ola
• Plainview

Town

• Corinth

Census-designated places

• Centerville
• Rover

Unincorporated communities

• Alpha
• Aly
• Ard
• Bluffton
• Briggsville
• Chickalah
• Goodie Gorn Creek
• Gravelly
• Mount George
• New Neely
• Onyx
• Pleasant Hill
• Shark
• Sulphur Springs
• Wing

Townships

Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Yell County are listed below; listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, and/or census-designated places that are fully or partially inside the township. ^{[29] [30]}

• Birta
• Bluffton
• Briggsville
• Centerville
• Chula
• Compton
• Crawford
• Danville (Corinth, Danville)
• Dardanelle (Dardanelle)
• Dutch Creek
• Ferguson (Belleville)
• Galla Rock
• Gilkey
• Gravelly Hill
• Herring
• Ions Creek
• Lamar (Plainview)
• Magazine
• Mason
• Mountain
• Prairie
• Richland
• Riley (Havana)
• Rover
• Sulphur Springs
• Ward (Ola)
• Waveland

Infrastructure

Major highways

• Highway 7
• Highway 10
• Highway 27
• Highway 28
• Highway 60
• Highway 80
• Highway 154

Notable people

• Ray R. Allen (1920–2010), public official in Alexandria, Louisiana, was born in Yell County
• John Daly, professional golfer
• Arthur Hunnicutt, Academy Award-nominated Western Actor
• Kelly Ring, WTVT news anchor
• Johnny Sain, Major League Baseball player
• William L. Spicer, Republican state chairman, 1962–1964, was born in Yell County, but owned a chain of drive-in theaters in Fort Smith
• Cousins Jim Walkup (left-handed pitcher), and Jim Walkup (right-handed pitcher), MLB pitchers
• James Lee Witt, former FEMA Director
• Henry C. Bruton, Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, born in Belleville, Arkansas in 1905
• Jacob Lofland, American actor
• Timothy Balarabe, jazz musician

See also

• List of lakes in Yell County, Arkansas
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Yell County, Arkansas

References

1. "QuickFacts, Yell County, Arkansas; United States" . Retrieved November 1, 2021.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. "Gleason" (2017) , p. 12.
4. Carter, Clarence Edwin (1953). The Territorial Papers of The United States, Volume XIX, The Territory of Arkansas 1819-1825. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. pp. 525–527. Retrieved January 5, 2023. Chiefs of the Arkansas Cherokee to the Secretary of War... on this day we have had a talk in council, among other things the boundaries of our nation was discussed. The chiefs' letter was signed by marks by John Jolly, Young Glass, Black Fox, Thomas Graves, Walter M. Webber, George Morris, and Water Minnow at the end of the meeting on June 24, 1823.
5. Carter, Clarence Edwin (1953). The Territorial Papers of The United States, Volume XIX, The Territory of Arkansas 1819-1825. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. pp. 546–550. Retrieved January 5, 2023. Acting Governor Crittenden to the Secretary of War... The Cherokee Indians have returned from Washington discontented and untractable... I announced to them that since their Lands had been allotted... they would be expected to remove to them; and confine themselves at least in agricultural pursuits to their own soil; they in reply said we had no right to the sovereignty of the soil on the South side of the Arkansas, and that they would NOT remove, that they were the tenants of the Choctaws, and not of the Government, and should consult them, not us, on the subject. Crittenden's latter is dated September 28, 1823.
6. "Treaty of Council Oaks". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved January 5, 2023. Although this meeting is referred to as the "Treaty of Council Oaks," it was actually not a treaty-making event. Crittenden, who did not in any event have the authority to initiate treaties with Indian tribes on behalf of the U.S. government without direction from Washington DC, supported the popular desire among non-Indians in the territory to see all Indian lands opened for white settlement and all tribes removed from the territory as soon as possible.
7. "Gleason" (2017) , p. 13.
8. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
9. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
10. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
11. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
12. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
13. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
14. Based on 2000 census data
15. "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
16. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved May 14, 2011.
17. "Language Map Data Center".
18. Ingram, Sean. "Gault to become next Yell County sheriff". The Courier. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
19. Yell County Court House Records
20. "Gleason" (2017) , p. 20.
21. "Gleason" (2017) , pp. 82–84.
22. "Gleason" (2017) , p. 85.
23. "Yell County". Little Rock: Arkansas Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
24. Teske, Steven (March 24, 2014). "Quorum Courts". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture . Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System . Retrieved January 23, 2016.
25. Goss, Kay C. (August 28, 2015). "Office of County Judge". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture . Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
26. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections" . Retrieved November 18, 2016.
27. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Yell County, AR" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved March 16, 2024. - Text list
28. "Yell County". Arkansas River Valley Regional Library System. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
29. 2011 Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS): Yell County, AR (PDF) (Map). U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
30. "Arkansas: 2010 Census Block Maps – County Subdivision". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved May 29, 2014.

• Gleason, Mildred Diane (2017). Dardanelle and the Bottoms: Environment, Agriculture, and Economy in an Arkansas River Community, 1819-1970. Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press. ISBN   9781682260388. LCCN   2017932453.

External links

• Yell County official website
• Yell County, Arkansas entry on the Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture

34°59′54″N93°27′09″W / 34.99833°N 93.45250°W / 34.99833; -93.45250