Acholeplasma

Acholeplasma
Acholeplasma laidwalii cells and extracellular vesicles
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Mycoplasmatota
Class:	Mollicutes
Order:	Acholeplasmatales
Family:	Acholeplasmataceae
Genus:	Acholeplasma Edward & Freundt 1970
Type species
Acholeplasma laidlawii (Sabin 1941) Edward & Freundt 1970
Species [1] [2]
A. equifetale A. equirhinis A. granularum A. hippikon A. laidlawii "A. manati" A. oculi A. pleciae
Synonyms
"Sapromyces" Sabin 1941 non Fritsch 1893

Acholeplasma are wall-less bacteria in the Mollicutes class. They include saprotrophic or pathogenic species. There are 15 recognised species. The G+C content is low, ranging from 26 - 36% (mol%). The genomes of Acholeplasma species range in size from 1.5 to 1.65 Mbp. Cholesterol is not required for growth. The species are found on animals, and some plants and insects. The optimum growth temperature is 30 to 37 degrees Celsius. ^[3]

Acholeplasma laidlawii is a common contaminant of cell culture media products, and has also been used in extensive studies of lipid polymorphism because this organism alters its ratio of MGlcDG (monoglucosyl diacylglycerol) to DGlcDG (diglucosyl diacylglycerol) in response to growth conditions. ^[4]

Phylogeny

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 [5] [6] [7]	120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 [8] [9] [10]
Acholeplasma A. equifetaleKirchoff 1974 A. hippikonKirchoff 1974 A. equirhinisVolokhov et al. 2020 A. oculicorrig. Al-Aubaidi et al. 1973 A. granularacorrig. (Switzer 1964) Edward & Freundt 1970 A. laidlawii (Sabin 1941) Edward & Freundt 1970 A. pleciae(Tully et al. 1994) Knight Jr. 2004	Acholeplasma A. equifetale A. hippikon A. equirhinis A. oculi A. granulara A. laidlawii

See also

• List of bacteria genera
• List of bacterial orders

References

1. J.P. Euzéby. "Acholeplasma". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
2. Sayers; et al. "Acholeplasma". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
3. Windsor, Helena M.; Windsor, G. David; Noordergraaf, J.H. (2010). "The growth and long term survival of Acholeplasma laidlawii in media products used in biopharmaceutical manufacturing". Biologicals. 38 (2): 204–210. doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.11.009. PMID   20153666.
4. Vance (2008). Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes . Elsevier Science. pp.  18. ISBN   978-0444532190.
5. "The LTP" . Retrieved 10 December 2024.
6. "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 10 December 2024.
7. "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2024.
8. "GTDB release 09-RS220". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2024.
9. "bac120_r220.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2024.
10. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2024.