Allium victorialis

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Allium victorialis
ALLIUM VICTORIALIS - GENTO - IB-888 (All victorial).JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Allioideae
Genus: Allium
Subgenus: A. subg. Anguinum
Species:
A. victorialis
Binomial name
Allium victorialis
L. Sp. Pl. 1: 295. 1753 [2] [3]
Synonyms [4]
Synonymy
  • Cepa victorialis(L.) Moench
  • Loncostemon victoriale(L.) Raf.
  • Geboscon lanceolatumRaf.
  • Geboscon triphylumRaf.
  • Berenice victorialis(L.) Salisb.
  • Anguinum victorialis(L.) Fourr.
  • Caloscordum victorialis(L.) Banfi & Galasso
  • Allium plantagineumLam.
  • Allium convallarifoliumPall. ex Ledeb.
  • Allium plantaginenseWillk. & Lange
  • Allium longibulbumDulac
  • Allium reticulatumSt.-Lag. 1880, illegitimate homonym not J. Presl & C. Presl 1819
  • Allium anguinumBubani.

Allium victorialis, commonly known as victory onion, Alpine leek, and Alpine broad-leaf allium [5] is a broad-leaved Eurasian species of wild onion. It is a perennial of the Amaryllis family that occurs widely in mountainous regions of Europe (including Caucasus) and parts of Asia (Himalayas). [4] [6]

Contents

Some authors consider certain East Asian and Alaskan populations as constituting subspecies platyphyllum within the species Allium victorialis. [2] [7] Recent sources recognize this group as a distinct species, called Allium ochotense. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]

General description

Allium victorialis attains a height of 30–45 cm (11.8–17.7 in) and forms a sheathed bulb ("root-stalk") about the thickness of a finger and 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in) long. [13] Leaves are broad, elliptical or lanceolate. Flowers (perianths) are whitish green. [13]

Distribution

Allium victorialis is found widely across mountain ranges Europe, as well as the Caucasus and the Himalayas. [4]

Nomenclature

The specific epithet victorialis comes from the German Siegwurz (Root of Victory), [14] and it earned this name having been "worn as an amulet, to be as safeguard against the attacks of certain impure spirits," by Bohemian miners among others. [14]

Uses

The plant, in past centuries in certain mountainous regions of Europe, "was cultivated as a medicinal and fetish plant". [15] The plant known as pukusa to the Ainu people in northern Japan, an important food source, had been classed as A .victorialis subsp. platyphyllum, [16] but recent genetics classify it under its own species, Allium ochotense . [17]

See also

References

  1. Holubec, V., Magos Brehm, J., Uzundzhalieva, K., Vögel, R., Vörösváry, G., Eliáš, P. & Duarte, M.C. (2011). Allium victorialis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T172231A6854104. Downloaded on 05 January 2019.
  2. 1 2 McNeal, Dale W. Jr.; Jacobsen, T. D. (2002). "Allium victorialis". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  3. GRIN (May 12, 2011). "Allium victorialis L. information from NPGS/GRIN". Taxonomy for Plants. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Allium victorialis
  5. Korea National Arboretum (2015). English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: National Arboretum. p. 348. ISBN   978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2016 via Korea Forest Service.
  6. Altervista Flora Italiana, Aglio serpentino, victory onion, alpine leek, Allium victorialis L. includes photos and European distribution map
  7. Xu, Jiemei; Kamelin, Rudolf V. "Allium victorialis". Flora of China. Vol. 24. p. 172 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  8. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Allium ochotense Prokh.
  9. The Plant List, Allium ochotense Prokh.
  10. Kharkevich, S.S. (ed.) (1987). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 2: 1-448. Nauka, Leningrad.
  11. Denisov, N. (2008). Addition to Vascular flora of the Kozlov island (Peter the Great Gulf, Japanese sea). Turczaninowia 11(4): 29-42.
  12. Choi & Oh 2011.
  13. 1 2 Thompson, Harold Stuart (1912). Sub-alpine Plants: Or, Flowers of the Swiss Woods and Meadows (preview). G. Routledge & Sons. p. 280.. 1–1.5 ft (0.30–0.46 m) height; and rootstalk 5.1–7.6 cm (2–3 in).
  14. 1 2 Sims, John (1809). "Allium victorialis. Long-rooted garlic". Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 30: 1222–.
  15. Rabinowitch, Haim D.; Currah, Lesley (2002). Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances (preview). CABI. p. 26. ISBN   978-0851-99510-6.
  16. Bachelor, John (1893). "Ainu Economic Plants". Tota. Archived from the original on 2021-06-28.
  17. Quattrocchi, Umberto, ed. (2012). "Allium ochotense". CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants. CRC Press. p. 173. ISBN   978-1-4822-5064-0.

Bibliography