History
The concept of travelling to view celestial events extends back to early astronomical observations. Ancient civilizations constructed astronomical monuments that attracted visitors, with sites like Stonehenge serving both ceremonial and astronomical purposes that continue to draw tourists. [4]
However, astrotourism's modern development began in the 20th century. In 1988, the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) was founded in Tucson, Arizona. [5] The nonprofit went on to play a key role in formalizing astrotourism by establishing the International Dark Sky Places Program in 2001. [6]
The 21st century saw growth in astrotourism infrastructure and recognition across the world, with a Welsh island achieving Dark Sky certification in 2023, and Saudi Arabia opening the Middle East's first Dark Sky Parks in 2024. [7] [8] The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to increased interest in the activity, which can be done by those practicing social distancing. [9] [10]
Sustainability and ethical concerns
As astrotourism, and in particular dark sky tourism, gained popularity, academics and advocates of dark sky preserves have expressed concern that such tourism may threaten an area's capability of avoiding increased light pollution. [1] [14] [15]
Moab, Utah, created ordinances to reduce light pollution as dark sky tourism increased in the area. [1]
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