Columbia Township, Hamilton County, Ohio | |
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Coordinates: 39°8′58″N84°23′3″W / 39.14944°N 84.38417°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Ohio |
County | Hamilton |
Settled | 1788 [1] [2] |
Established | 1791 [1] [2] |
Named for | Columbia [1] [2] |
Government | |
• Type | Board of Trustees & Fiscal Officer |
Area | |
• Total | 2.7 sq mi (6.9 km2) |
• Land | 2.5 sq mi (6.6 km2) |
• Water | 0.1 sq mi (0.3 km2) |
Elevation | 571 ft (174 m) |
Population | |
• Total | 4,446 |
• Density | 1,778.4/sq mi (673.6/km2) |
Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (Eastern Daylight Time) |
FIPS code | 39-16882 [5] |
GNIS feature ID | 1086203 [3] |
Website | www |
Columbia Township is one of the twelve townships of Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 4,446 people in the township. Originally one of Ohio's largest townships by area at its inception in 1791, [6] it gradually shrank to one of the smallest by the early 1950s. [7]
Columbia Township is named after the Columbia settlement, which Benjamin Stiles founded in 1788 as part of the Ohio Company of Associates' expansion from the Allegheny Mountains westward. This settlement represents the earliest recorded white settlement in the ancestral territory of the Native American Shawnee people. [6] Columbia is located in the historical Miami Valley, near Cincinnati Municipal Lunken Airport and now part of Cincinnati's Columbia-Tusculum neighborhood. [1] [2] Statewide, other Columbia Townships are located in Lorain and Meigs counties.
Columbia Township was formed in 1791, a year after Hamilton County was organized, when the court of general quarter sessions of the peace divided the southern part of the county into Columbia, Cincinnati, and Miami townships, each extending from the Ohio River north past the present-day Butler County line. Each township was assigned a standard cattle brand; historians have considered Columbia Township to be the county's first township, on account of its cattle brand of "A". The township's boundaries were defined as [8] [2] [6]
Beginning at the foot of the second meridian east of Cincinnati on the Ohio bank; thence north to the third entire (or military) range; thence east to the Little Miami; thence down the Miami to Ohio river; thence down the Ohio to place of beginning.
Columbia Township was one of the largest townships in Ohio, larger than some present-day counties. The three townships included virtually all the white residents of the Symmes Purchase; in the midst of the Northwest Indian War, battles often small-scale, tit-for-tat series of armed skirmishes that pitted Indigenous Native American tribes against white settlers and the United States military continued until the Treaty of Greenville. [2]
The township gradually shrank as Hamilton County's population grew. In 1795, upon the signing of the Treaty of Greenville, the court of general quarter sessions of the peace created Deerfield and Dayton townships out of the northern reaches of Columbia Township. [9] In 1803, the county commissioners created Sycamore Township from the northern half of Columbia Township [10] and, in turn, created Symmes Township from Sycamore Township's eastern half between 1820 and 1826. [11] In the early 1840s, Spencer Township was carved out of the southwestern part of Columbia Township. [2]
In 1861, the United States Army built Camp Dennison on 500 acres (200 ha) in the northeastern corner of the township. [12]
In 1876, Madisonville became the first village to incorporate within the township, followed by Norwood in 1881, Pleasant Ridge in 1891, and Terrace Park in 1893. The township's population grew further as the Cincinnati Street Railway extended lines further into the suburbs between 1890 and 1910. Cincinnati annexed Madisonville, Pleasant Ridge, Oakley, and Kennedy Heights between 1911 and 1914. [12]
From the 1920s, car ownership spurred additional growth in the southwestern corner of the township. Mariemont was developed as a car-centric community in 1922. The completion of Columbia Parkway in 1938 caused Cincinnati to annex surrounding unincorporated land, leading Indian Hill and Mariemont to incorporate as villages in 1941, followed by Fairfax in 1951. Unlike in other parts of Ohio, most villages in southwestern Ohio withdrew from their surrounding townships via paper townships, reducing the township to one of the smallest in Ohio by the early 1950s. [12] [7] One exception was Fairfax, which only withdrew on January 1, 2010, due in part to city residents' low tax contribution compared to their influence on township elections. [13] [14]
Columbia Township invested $75,000 through its partnership to support Mariemont's development of the next segment of the Murray Path extension, a rail trail.[ when? ] In 2021 the path was extended to Columbia's Plainville Business District and historic Madison Place neighborhood.[ citation needed ]
Located in the eastern part of Hamilton County, Ohio, the township currently consists of eight disconnected parcels: [15]
The former extent of Columbia Township is now primarily occupied by the following municipalities:
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Some of the remaining township lands, which cover only about 2.5 sq mi (6 km2), are unsuitable for development, especially along the banks of the Little Miami River. [15]
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1820 | 2,814 | — | |
1850 | 2,413 | — | |
1860 | 2,931 | 21.5% | |
1870 | 3,184 | 8.6% | |
1880 | 5,306 | 66.6% | |
1890 | 8,422 | 58.7% | |
1900 | 12,885 | 53.0% | |
1910 | 23,387 | 81.5% | |
1920 | 21,947 | −6.2% | |
1930 | 36,338 | 65.6% | |
1940 | 14,825 | −59.2% | |
1950 | 23,545 | 58.8% | |
1960 | 31,636 | 34.4% | |
1970 | 26,037 | −17.7% | |
1980 | 6,428 | −75.3% | |
1990 | 6,298 | −2.0% | |
2000 | 6,557 | 4.1% | |
2010 | 4,532 | −30.9% | |
2020 | 4,446 | −1.9% | |
Sources: [17] [4] |
Township Census Snapshot [4]
Populations & People - As of the 2020 U.S. Census Bureau, the median age within the township was 32. Languages spoken at home were 93.4% English, 3.6% Spanish, 2.9% Other Indo/European, and 0.2% Asian/Pacific Island languages. The township ages under 18 were 20.1%, 18-65 is 56.6%, and over 65 was 13.3%. [4]
Income & Poverty - According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the estimated median household income for the township was $54,316. Income breakdown by family types: Families - $99,688; Married couple families - $138,730; Nonfamily households - $37,312. The population living below the poverty line was 22.8%, with under 18 years at 26.9%, 18 - 64, 24.1%, and over 65 at 9.8%. [4]
Education - The percentage of people in the township with a bachelor's degree or higher was 50.3%. The population of school enrollment from Kindergarten to 12th Grade was 46.2% [4]
Employment - About 68.1% of the township's population were employed. The average travel time to work was 20.2 min. The means of transportation as follows: Drive Alone – 69.1%, Carpool – 7.7%, Public Transportation – 1.1%, Walked – 3.0%, Bicycle – 0.6%, Taxi/Motorcycle – 3.4% and work from home, 15.2% [4]
Health - The percentage of people without Health Care Coverage in the township 6.8%, and the disabled population was 11.4% [4]
Families & Living Arrangements - There were 1,913 households, of which 20.1% had children under 18. The average family size was 3.15. The total households by type were married couples: 34.0%, male householders with no spouse present, 32.8%, and female householders with no spouse present, 28.8%. [4]
Race & Ethnicity - There were 2,165 housing units. The race and ethnic makeup of the township was 59.9% White, 35.3.8% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian Native American, 1.54% Asian, 1.0% from some other race, and 2.1% two or more races. [4]
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election, and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer [18] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
On November 5, 2013, the residents of Columbia Township voted to establish a Joint Economic Development Zone (JEDZ) and to implement an earnings tax on individuals working in the Zone and on net profits from businesses in the Zone, in partnership with the Village of Fairfax.[ citation needed ]
Fairfield is a city in southern Butler County, Ohio, United States. It is a suburb located about 25 miles (40 km) north of Cincinnati and is situated on the east bank of the Great Miami River. The population was 44,907 as of the 2020 census. Incorporated in 1955 from portions of Fairfield Township, it includes the former hamlets of Symmes Corner, Fair Play, Furmandale, and Stockton. The Fairfield City School District is one of the largest in Ohio and serves both the City of Fairfield and Fairfield Township.
Hamilton County is located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 830,639, making it the third-most populous county in Ohio. The county seat and most populous city is Cincinnati. The county is named for the first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton County is part of the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Fairfax is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. It is a suburb of Cincinnati. The population was 1,768 at the 2020 census.
Loveland is a city in Hamilton, Clermont, and Warren counties in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 13,307 at the 2020 census. Considered part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area, Loveland is located near exit 52 off Interstate 275, about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of the Cincinnati city limits. It borders Symmes, Miami and Hamilton townships and straddles the Little Miami River. Once a busy railroad town, Loveland is now a major stop along the Little Miami Scenic Trail.
Anderson Township is a township located southeastern Hamilton County along the Ohio and Little Miami Rivers, approximately 13 miles southeast of downtown Cincinnati. The population was 44,088 at the 2020 census.
Symmes Township is one of the twelve townships of Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 15,642 as of the 2020 census.
Millcreek Township is a survey township in south-central Hamilton County, Ohio, that also existed as a civil township from 1810 until 1943. Once the most important township in the county, it was largely absorbed by Cincinnati and its suburbs, nominally remaining as a paper township from 1943 until 1953. It was abolished when the rest of its unincorporated territory, consisting of Wesleyan Cemetery, became part of Cincinnati. As the original survey township covers a large portion of present-day Cincinnati, references to it are frequently encountered by genealogists.
Union Township is one of the eleven townships of Warren County, Ohio, United States, located in the central part of the county. It was established January 3, 1815 and named Union as it was formed from parts of Deerfield and Turtlecreek Townships. The population was 6,251 as of the 2020 census.
Hamilton Township is one of the eleven townships of Warren County, Ohio, United States. It is located in the south central portion of the county. The population was 30,587 at the 2020 census.
Pleasant Ridge is one of the 52 neighborhoods of Cincinnati, Ohio. Annexed in 1911, the neighborhood is predominately residential. The population was 8,895 at the 2020 census.
Columbia-Tusculum is one of the 52 neighborhoods of Cincinnati, Ohio. Founded in 1788 and annexed in 1871, it is the city's oldest neighborhood. The population was 1,523 at the 2020 census.
Miami Township is one of the fourteen townships of Clermont County, Ohio, United States. The population at the 2020 census was 43,943.
Camp Dennison is a census-designated place (CDP) just outside Indian Hill in southern Symmes Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office with the ZIP code 45111. The population was 384 at the 2020 census.
The Turpin site (33Ha19) is an archaeological site in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. Located near Newtown in Hamilton County, the site includes the remains of a village of the Fort Ancient culture and of multiple burial mounds. Numerous bodies have been found in and around the mounds as a result of thorough site investigations. The archaeological value of the site has resulted in its use in the study of similar locations and in its designation as a historic site.
The siege of Dunlap's Station was a battle that took place on January 10–11, 1791, during the Northwest Indian War between the Northwestern Confederacy of American Indians and European American settlers in what became the southwestern region of the U.S. state of Ohio. This was one of the Indians' few unsuccessful attacks during this period. It was shortly after the Harmar campaign attacks and unprecedented defeat of U.S. Army forces.
Israel Ludlow was a government surveyor who helped found Cincinnati, Dayton and Hamilton in southwest Ohio.
Plainville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 120 at the 2020 census.
Spencer Township was a civil township in southeastern Hamilton County, Ohio. It was established in the early 1840s and annexed to Cincinnati in stages from 1855 to 1909.
Cincinnati Township is a paper township and former civil township in south-central Hamilton County, Ohio. Originally one of Ohio's largest townships by area at its inception in 1791, it was abolished in 1834 when the City of Cincinnati became coextensive with it through annexation. Since then, it has remained solely as a paper township.
Madison Place is a census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, adjacent to the city of Cincinnati. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census. The population was 572 at the 2020 census.