Eastbourne (UK Parliament constituency)

Last updated

Eastbourne
Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
Eastbourne (UK Parliament constituency)
Interactive map of boundaries from 2024
South East England - Eastbourne constituency.svg
Boundary of Eastbourne in South East England
County East Sussex
Electorate 73,322 (2023) [1]
Major settlements Eastbourne
Current constituency
Created 1885
Member of Parliament Josh Babarinde (Liberal Democrats)
SeatsOne
Created from East Sussex

Eastbourne is a constituency for the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It was created as one of nine in Sussex in 1885, since when it has reduced in geographic size reflecting the growth of its main settlement, Eastbourne. [n 1] The seat has been represented since 2024 by Josh Babarinde, a Liberal Democrat.

Contents

Constituency profile

The constituency contains urban and suburban developments, with its boundaries since 2024 matching those of Eastbourne Borough Council. [2] Eastbourne itself is on the edge of the London Commuter Belt and is a coastal resort town. The Eastbourne seat has narrowed at every Boundary Commission Periodic Review, as the population of the core town has grown, having previously included neighbouring towns such as Willingdon, East Dean, and Polegate.

Chris Hanretty, the Professor of Politics at Royal Holloway, estimated that Eastbourne voted 57.6% to 42.4% in favour of leaving the European Union during the 2016 referendum. [3]

History

Origin

This seat was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. This zone had been in the East Sussex constituency, which in turn had been created with two seats by the Reform Act 1832 as a division of the 13th century-founded Sussex parliamentary county which had two seats (returned two knights of the shire).

From safe seat to marginal seat

Results of all deposit-keeping candidates in their bid be the MP for Eastbourne (UK House of Commons), from 1990 to 2019 inclusive Results for Eastbourne since 1987.svg
Results of all deposit-keeping candidates in their bid be the MP for Eastbourne (UK House of Commons), from 1990 to 2019 inclusive

With the exception of the landslide Liberal victory in 1906, the seat returned Conservative Party candidates at every election from its creation in 1885 until 1987. The seat in the 1930s saw three unopposed candidates: in 1932, March 1935 and November 1935. The large rural vote within the seat, until boundary changes in 1983, resulted in strong Conservative support – rural English voters tended to be richer and more right-wing (anti-socialist, pro-Empire before 1960s, pro-Established Church and pro-defence) compared to other voters.

The seat was first won by the Liberal Democrats at the 1990 by-election. Although it was recaptured by the Conservatives at the subsequent general election in 1992 and held until 2010, it became a marginal, or swing seat, from 1990 onwards, being closely fought for between the two locally dominant parties. In the nine elections from 1990 to 2019, the winning majority was never more than 10%, and the seat has changed hands between the Conservative and Liberal Democrat candidates at each of the five elections from 2010 to 2024 inclusive.

Recent results

A Liberal Democrat, Stephen Lloyd, regained the seat at the 2010 general election, in a vote which saw Eastbourne return the sixth-lowest Labour share of the vote of the 631 candidates who stood at the election, with only 4.8%. [4] In 2015, the seat was won by Caroline Ansell, making it the 9th most marginal of the Conservative Party's 331 seats, by share of the vote. [5] Ansell held the seat from 2015 to 2017 and again from 2019 to 2024, in both cases beating the Lloyd, who held it from 2010 to 2015 and again from 2017 to 2019. [n 2]

In 2024, the seat was once again recaptured for the Liberal Democrats by Josh Babarinde, this time with a healthy majority of 26.8%.

Boundaries

Historic

Eastbourne (UK Parliament constituency)
Map of boundaries 2010–2024

1885–1918: The Corporate Towns of Pevensey and Seaford, the Sessional Divisions of Hailsham and Uckfield (except the parishes of East Hoathly and Waldron), and part of the Sessional Division of Lewes.

1918–1950: The Borough of Eastbourne, the Rural District of Eastbourne, and in the Rural District of Hailsham the parishes of Arlington, Chalvington, Chiddingly, Hailsham, Hellingly, Laughton, and Ripe.

1950–1955: The Boroughs of Eastbourne and Bexhill, and in the Rural District of Hailsham the parishes of East Dean, Friston, Hooe, Jevington, Ninfield, Pevensey, Polegate, Wartling, Westham, and Willingdon.

1955–1974: The Borough of Eastbourne, and part of the Rural District of Hailsham.

1974–1983: The Borough of Eastbourne, and in the Rural District of Hailsham the parishes of East Dean, Friston, Jevington, Pevensey, Polegate, Westdean, Westham, and Willingdon.

1983–1997: The Borough of Eastbourne, and the District of Wealden wards of Polegate North, Polegate South, and Willingdon.

1997–2010: As prior, substituting East Dean for the Polegate wards.

2010–2024: As prior, less East Dean.

Current

Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the boundaries of the constituency are now coterminous with the Borough of Eastbourne. [2]

In order to bring its electorate within the permitted range, the parts within the District of Wealden were transferred to the Lewes constituency.

Members of Parliament

East Sussex prior to 1885

ElectionMember [6] Party
1885 Edward Field Conservative
1900 Sir Lindsay Hogg Conservative
1906 Hubert Beaumont Liberal
January 1910 Rupert Gwynne Conservative
1924 Sir George Lloyd Conservative
1925 by-election Sir Reginald Hall Conservative
1929 Edward Marjoribanks Conservative
1932 by-election John Slater Conservative
1935 by-election Sir Charles Taylor Conservative
February 1974 Ian Gow Conservative
1990 by-election David Bellotti Liberal Democrats
1992 Nigel Waterson Conservative
2010 Stephen Lloyd Liberal Democrats
2015 Caroline Ansell Conservative
2017 Stephen Lloyd Liberal Democrats
 December 2018 Independent
 September 2019 Liberal Democrats
2019 Caroline Ansell Conservative
2024 Josh Babarinde Liberal Democrats

By-elections

Election results

Elections in the 2020s

General election 2024: Eastbourne [7]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Democrats Josh Babarinde 23,742 52.1 +9.2
Conservative Caroline Ansell 11,53825.3−21.8
Reform UK Mark Ashdown6,06113.3+10.6
Labour Paul Richards2,6895.9−1.0
Green Mike Munson1,4243.1N/A
UKIP Ian Garbutt1540.3N/A
Majority 12,20426.8N/A
Turnout 45,60862.8−7.1
Registered electors 72,592
Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative Swing +15.5

Elections in the 2010s

2019 notional result [8]
PartyVote%
Conservative 24,13747.1
Liberal Democrats 21,96942.9
Labour 3,5606.9
Brexit Party 1,4082.7
Others1850.4
Turnout51,25969.9
Electorate73,322
General election 2019: Eastbourne [9]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Caroline Ansell 26,951 48.9 +4.8
Liberal Democrats Stephen Lloyd 22,62041.0−5.9
Labour Jake Lambert3,8487.0−1.1
Brexit Party Stephen Gander1,5302.8N/A
Independent Ken Pollock1850.3N/A
Majority 4,3317.9N/A
Turnout 55,13469.5−3.4
Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats Swing +5.3
General election 2017: Eastbourne [10] [11]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Democrats Stephen Lloyd 26,924 46.9 +8.7
Conservative Caroline Ansell 25,31544.1+4.5
Labour Jake Lambert4,6718.1+0.3
Green Alex Hough5100.9−1.7
Majority 1,6092.8N/A
Turnout 57,42072.9+5.3
Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative Swing +2.1
General election 2015: Eastbourne [12] [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Caroline Ansell 20,934 39.6 −1.1
Liberal Democrats Stephen Lloyd 20,20138.2−9.1
UKIP Nigel Jones6,13911.6+9.1
Labour Jake Lambert4,1437.8+3.0
Green Andrew Durling1,3512.6N/A
Independent Paul Howard1390.3N/A
Majority 7331.4N/A
Turnout 52,90767.6+0.6
Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats Swing +4.0
General election 2010: Eastbourne [14] [15]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Democrats Stephen Lloyd 24,658 47.3 +5.6
Conservative Nigel Waterson 21,22340.7−2.3
Labour Dave Brinson2,4974.8−6.0
Independent Stephen Shing1,3272.5N/A
UKIP Roger Needham1,3052.5±0.0
BNP Colin Poulter9391.8N/A
Independent Michael Baldry1010.2N/A
Independent Keith Gell740.1N/A
Majority 3,4356.6N/A
Turnout 52,12467.0+3.8
Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative Swing +4.0

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Eastbourne [16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Nigel Waterson 21,033 43.5 −0.6
Liberal Democrats Stephen Lloyd 19,90941.1+1.8
Labour Andrew Jones5,26810.9−2.4
UKIP Andrew Meggs1,2332.5+0.5
Green Clive Gross9492.0N/A
Majority 1,1242.4−2.4
Turnout 48,39264.8+5.2
Conservative hold Swing −1.2
General election 2001: Eastbourne [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Nigel Waterson 19,738 44.1 +2.0
Liberal Democrats Chris Berry17,58439.3+1.0
Labour Gillian Roles5,96713.3+0.8
UKIP Barry Jones9072.0N/A
Liberal Theresia Williamson5741.3−0.1
Majority 2,1544.8+1.0
Turnout 44,77059.6−13.2
Conservative hold Swing +1.5

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Eastbourne [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Nigel Waterson 22,183 42.1 −10.9
Liberal Democrats Chris Berry20,18938.3−2.9
Labour David Lines6,57612.5+7.8
Referendum Trevor Lowe2,7245.2N/A
Liberal Theresia Williamson7411.4N/A
Natural Law John Dawkins2540.5N/A
Majority 1,9943.8−5.1
Turnout 52,66772.8−8.1
Conservative hold Swing −4.0

This constituency underwent boundary changes between the 1992 and 1997 general elections and thus change in share of vote is based on a notional calculation.

General election 1992: Eastbourne [19] [20]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Nigel Waterson 31,792 51.6 −8.3
Liberal Democrats David Bellotti 26,31142.7+13.0
Labour Ivan A. Gibbons2,8344.6−4.2
Green David Aherne3910.6−0.9
Liberal MT Williamson2960.5−29.3
Majority 5,4818.9−21.3
Turnout 61,62480.9+5.3
Conservative hold Swing −10.7
1990 Eastbourne by-election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Democrats David Bellotti 23,415 50.8 +21.1
Conservative Richard Hickmet 18,86541.0−18.9
Labour Charlotte Atkins 2,3085.0−3.8
Green David Aherne5531.2−0.4
Liberal Theresia Williamson5261.1N/A
Corrective Party Lady Whiplash 2160.5N/A
National Front John McAuley1540.3N/A
Ironside PartyEric Page350.1N/A
Majority 4,5509.8N/A
Turnout 46,07260.7−14.9
Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative Swing +20.0

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Eastbourne [21]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Ian Gow 33,587 59.9 +0.8
Liberal Peter Driver16,66429.7−4.1
Labour Ash Patel4,9288.8+1.7
Green Ruth Addison8671.6N/A
Majority 16,92330.2+4.9
Turnout 56,04675.6+2.6
Conservative hold Swing +2.5
General election 1983: Eastbourne [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Ian Gow 31,501 59.1 −3.9
Liberal Peter Driver18,01533.8+15.0
Labour Charles Clark3,7907.1−10.1
Majority 13,48625.3−19.0
Turnout 53,30673.0−3.7
Conservative hold Swing −9.5

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Ian Gow 37,168 63.1 +8.4
Liberal David Bellotti 11,08418.8−7.1
Labour Len Caine10,16617.2−2.3
National Front C Mitchell5330.9N/A
Majority 26,08444.3+15.5
Turnout 58,95176.7+2.2
Conservative hold Swing +7.8
General election October 1974: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Ian Gow 30,442 54.7 +3.6
Liberal Gurth Hoyer-Millar 14,41725.9−13.2
Labour Len Caine10,83019.5+9.9
Majority 16,02528.8
Turnout 55,68974.55
Conservative hold Swing +8.4
General election February 1974: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Ian Gow 31,462 51.3
Liberal Stephen Terrell 23,98739.1
Labour David Dawson5,8749.6
Majority 7,47512.19
Turnout 61,32382.60
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1970: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Charles Taylor 30,296 48.8
Liberal Stephen Terrell 23,30837.6
Labour Cyril George Abley8,47513.7
Majority 6,98811.2
Turnout 62,07973.67
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Charles Taylor 26,039 46.26
Liberal Stephen Terrell 16,74629.75
Labour John Harold High12,62022.42
Independent Vernon Hubert Petty8831.57N/A
Majority 9,29316.51
Turnout 56,28877.24
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1964: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Charles Taylor 26,410 49.01
Liberal Stephen Terrell 15,44128.66
Labour Co-op Joan E. M. Baker12,03422.33
Majority 10,96920.35
Turnout 53,88576.70
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Charles Taylor 27,874 57.28
Labour Anthony Albert Dumont11,83724.32
Liberal Ronald Gardner-Thorpe 8,95518.40N/A
Majority 16,03732.96
Turnout 48,66677.28
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1955: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Charles Taylor 29,779 65.68
Labour John A. Lewis15,56134.32
Majority 14,21831.36
Turnout 45,34075.81
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1951: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Charles Taylor 39,278 67.15
Labour Christopher Attlee19,21732.85
Majority 20,06134.30
Turnout 58,49581.93
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1950: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Charles Taylor 35,425 59.54
Labour Reginald Groves18,30430.77
Liberal Cecil Herbert Louis Douglas-Bate5,7669.69
Majority 17,12128.77
Turnout 59,49585.08
Conservative hold Swing

Election in the 1940s

General election 1945: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Charles Taylor 18,173 53.24 N/A
Labour Duncan Newman Smith12,63737.02N/A
Liberal John Stafford Gowland2,7978.19N/A
Independent National Reg Hipwell 5241.54N/A
Majority 5,53616.22N/A
Turnout 34,13177.35N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1935: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Charles Taylor Unopposed
Conservative hold
1935 Eastbourne by-election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Charles Taylor Unopposed
Conservative hold
1932 Eastbourne by-election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative John Slater Unopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1931: Eastbourne
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Edward Marjoribanks 31,240 85.31
Labour A.J. Marshall5,37914.69
Majority 25,86170.62
Turnout 36,61971.86
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Eastbourne [23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Unionist Edward Marjoribanks 18,157 49.9 −8.5
Labour Richard S Chatfield8,20422.5+5.6
Liberal Clive Stuart Saxon Burt7,81221.4−3.3
Ind. Unionist P E Hurst2,2776.2N/A
Majority 9,95327.4−6.3
Turnout 36,45074.5+13.7
Unionist hold Swing −7.0
1925 Eastbourne by-election [23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Unionist Reginald Hall 12,741 58.4 −9.5
Liberal Harcourt Johnstone 5,38624.7+8.6
Labour Thomas Williams 3,69616.9+0.9
Majority 7,35533.7−18.1
Turnout 21,82360.7−14.9
Unionist hold Swing −9.0
General election 1924: Eastbourne [23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Unionist George Lloyd 17,533 67.9 +14.1
Liberal Joseph James Davies4,16816.1−30.1
Labour D J Davis4,13816.0N/A
Majority 13,36551.8+44.2
Turnout 25,83977.6+0.6
Unionist hold Swing +22.1
General election 1923: Eastbourne [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Unionist Rupert Gwynne 13,276 53.8 −6.7
Liberal Thomas Wiles 11,39646.2+6.7
Majority 1,8807.6−13.4
Turnout 24,67277.0−0.2
Unionist hold Swing −6.7
General election 1922: Eastbourne [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Unionist Rupert Gwynne 14,601 60.5 −3.1
Liberal Edward Duke9,55039.5+29.1
Majority 5,05121.0−16.6
Turnout 24,15177.2
Unionist hold Swing −16.1

Elections in the 1910s

Gwynne Rupert Gwynne.jpg
Gwynne
General election 1918: Eastbourne [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
C Unionist Rupert Gwynne 11,35763.6+5.3
Labour Thomas Burleigh Hasdell4,64126.0N/A
Liberal Alfred John Callaghan 1,85210.4−31.3
Majority 6,71637.6+21.0
Turnout 17,85059.8−23.4
Unionist hold Swing +18.3
Cindicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

Morison Hector Morison.jpg
Morison
General election December 1910: Eastbourne [25] [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Rupert Gwynne 6,873 58.3 −0.7
Liberal Hector Morison 4,92041.7+0.7
Majority 1,95316.6−1.4
Turnout 11,79383.2−7.1
Registered electors 14,172
Conservative hold Swing −0.7
General election January 1910: Eastbourne [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Rupert Gwynne 7,553 59.0 +11.8
Liberal Hector Morison 5,24941.0−11.8
Majority 2,30418.0N/A
Turnout 12,80290.3+3.3
Registered electors 14,172
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +11.8

Elections in the 1900s

Beaumont Hubert Beaumont (London Daily News portrait).jpg
Beaumont
General election 1906: Eastbourne [27] [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Hubert Beaumont 5,933 52.8 +6.6
Conservative Lindsay Hogg 5,30347.2−6.6
Majority 6305.6N/A
Turnout 11,23687.0+5.2
Registered electors 12,913
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +6.6
General election 1900: Eastbourne [27] [28] [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Lindsay Hogg 4,948 53.8 +3.4
Liberal Thomas Seymour Brand4,25446.2−3.4
Majority 6947.6+6.8
Turnout 9,20281.8+4.0
Registered electors 11,248
Conservative hold Swing +3.4

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1895: Eastbourne [27] [28] [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Edward Field 4,139 50.4 −2.0
Liberal Thomas Seymour Brand4,07949.6+2.0
Majority 600.8−4.0
Turnout 8,21877.8+0.9
Registered electors 10,563
Conservative hold Swing −2.0
General election 1892: Eastbourne [27] [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Edward Field 4,037 52.4 −7.7
Liberal Thomas Seymour Brand3,67447.6+7.7
Majority 3634.8−15.4
Turnout 7,71176.9+3.3
Registered electors 10,029
Conservative hold Swing −7.7

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1886: Eastbourne [27] [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Edward Field 3,760 60.1 +9.6
Liberal James Clifton Brown [29] 2,50139.9−9.6
Majority 1,25920.2+19.2
Turnout 6,26173.6−9.4
Registered electors 8,504
Conservative hold Swing +9.6
General election 1885: Eastbourne [27] [30] [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Conservative Edward Field 3,561 50.5
Liberal George Wallis3,49749.5
Majority641.0
Turnout 7,05883.0
Registered electors 8,504
Conservative win (new seat)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ A borough constituency having first been the alternative form, a county constituency, for the sole modern purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer.
  2. ↑ As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

References

  1. ↑ "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume two: Constituency names, designations and composition – South East". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  2. 1 2 "The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023". Schedule 1 Part 6 South East region.
  3. ↑ "Ward level results from the EU referendum". Medium. 6 February 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  4. ↑ "Electoral Commission – Previous UK general elections". www.electoralcommission.org.uk.
  5. ↑ "Conservative Members of Parliament 2015". UK Political.info. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  6. ↑ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "E" (part 1)
  7. ↑ "Notice of Poll, Statement of Persons Nominated and Situation of Polling Stations – Eastbourne Constituency – 4th July 2024" (PDF). Eastbourne Borough Council. 7 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  8. ↑ "Notional results for a UK general election on 12 December 2019". Rallings & Thrasher, Professor David Denver (Scotland), Nicholas Whyte (NI) for Sky News, PA, BBC News and ITV News. UK Parliament . Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  9. ↑ "UK Parliamentary election: Eastbourne constituency Statement of Persons Nominated and Notice of Poll" (PDF). 14 November 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 November 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  10. ↑ "The Conservative candidates running to be MPs". 27 April 2017.
  11. ↑ "BBC Election Results". 9 June 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  12. ↑ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  13. ↑ "Eastbourne parliamentary constituency – Election 2017" – via www.bbc.co.uk.
  14. ↑ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  15. ↑ "Eastborne election results". BBC. 20 April 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  16. ↑ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  17. ↑ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  18. ↑ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  19. ↑ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  20. ↑ "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  21. ↑ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  22. ↑ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  23. 1 2 3 F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1949
  24. 1 2 3 Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN   0-900178-06-X.
  25. 1 2 Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885–1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN   9781349022984.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  28. 1 2 Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
  29. ↑ "Meeting of the Council" . Eastbourne Gazette . 23 June 1886. p. 8. Retrieved 25 November 2017– via British Newspaper Archive.
  30. ↑ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886

Sources

50°47′N0°16′E / 50.78°N 0.27°E / 50.78; 0.27

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