Etymological dictionary

Etymologicum Teutonicae Linguae, 1777.

An etymological dictionary discusses the etymology of the words listed. Often, large dictionaries, such as the Oxford English Dictionary and Webster's , will contain some etymological information, without aspiring to focus on etymology. ^[1]

Etymological dictionaries are the product of research in historical linguistics. For many words in any language, the etymology will be uncertain, disputed, or simply unknown. In such cases, depending on the space available, an etymological dictionary will present various suggestions and perhaps make a judgement on their likelihood, and provide references to a full discussion in specialist literature.

The tradition of compiling "derivations" of words is pre-modern, found for example in Sanskrit ( nirukta ), Arabic ( al-ištiqāq ) and also in Western tradition (in works such as the Etymologicum Magnum and Isidore of Seville's Etymologiae ). Etymological dictionaries in the modern sense, however, appear only in the late 18th century (with 17th-century predecessors such as the Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española by Sebastián de Covarrubias (1611), Vossius' 1662 Etymologicum linguae Latinae or Stephen Skinner's 1671 Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae), with the understanding of sound laws and language change and their production was an important task of the "golden age of philology" in the 19th century.

Indo-European

• August Fick. Wörterbuch der Indogermanischen Grundsprache in ihrem Bestande vor der Völkertrennung. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht's Verlag, 1868. Second edition: Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen. 2 vols., 1870–1871.
• Alois Walde & Julius Pokorny. Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen. 3 vols. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1927–32 (reprint 1973).
• Carl Darling Buck. A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. University of Chicago Press, 1949 (paperback edition 1988).
• Julius Pokorny. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (IEW), 2 vols. Tübingen–Berne–Munich: A. Francke, 1957/1969 (reprint 2005). Revision of Walde-Pokorny 1927–32.
• Stuart E. Mann  [ de ]. An Indo-European Comparative Dictionary. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, 1984–1987.
• Helmut Rix. Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben: Die Wurzeln und ihre Primärstammbildungen (LIV²), 2nd edn. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2001.
• Dagmar S. Wodtko, Britta Irslinger, & Carolin Schneider. Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon (NIL). Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 2008.
• George E. Dunkel. Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (LIPP). Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 2014.

Albanian

• Kolec Topalli. Fjalor etimologjik i gjuhës shqipe. Durrës: Jozef, 2017.
• Vladimir Orel. Albanian Etymological Dictionary. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
• Eqrem Çabej. Studime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes. 7 vols. Tirana: Akademia et Shkencave e Republikës Popullore të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë, 1976–2014.

Anatolian (Hittite)

• Jaan Puhvel. Hittite Etymological Dictionary. 10 vols. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1984–present.
• Alwin Kloekhorst. Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon. Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2008.

Armenian

• Hrachia Acharian. Հայերեն արմատական բառարան [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words]. 4 vols. Yerevan: Yerevan State University, 1971.
• Guevorg Djahukian. Հայերեն ստուգաբանական բառարան, [Armenian Etymological Dictionary]. Yerevan: International Linguistic Academy, 2010.
• Hrach K. Martirosyan. Etymological dictionary of the Armenian inherited lexicon. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2010.

Balto-Slavic

• Reinhold Trautmann. Baltisch-Slavisches Wörterbuch. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1923.

Baltic

• Rick Derksen. Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon. Leiden: Brill, 2015.

Latvian

• Konstantīns Karulis. Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca. Rīga: Avots, 1992.

Lithuanian

• Ernst Fraenkel, Annemarie Slupski, Erich Hofmann, & Eberhard Tangl, eds. Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (LitEW). 2 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1962–65.
• Wolfgang Hock et al. Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterburch (ALEW). 3 vols. Hamburg: Baar Verlag, 2015.

Old Prussian

• Erich Berneker. Die preussische Sprache. Texte, Grammatik, etymologisches Wörterbuch. Strassburg: Verlag von Karl J. Trübner, 1896.
• Vytautas Mažiulis. Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas, 2nd rev. edn. [= Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]. Vilnius: Mokslas, 2013 (1st edn. 1988–1997).

Slavic

• Franz Miklosich. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der slavischen Sprachen. Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1886. 547 pp.
• Erich Berneker. Slavisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 1 vol. and 1st fascicle of 2nd vol. (A-*morъ). Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908–1914. Unfinished.
• Franciszek Sławski  [ pl ] (1974–2001) & Mariola Jakubowicz (2023–), eds. Słownik prasłowiański. 11 vols. (A-G, K). Wrocław/Warsawa/Kraków/Gdańsk: Zakład narodowy imienia Ossolińskich / Wydawnictwo Polskiey akademii nauk, 1974–present.
• Oleg Trubachov (1974–2002) & Anatoly Zhuravlyov  [ ru ] (2002–2016) & Zhanna Varbot  [ ru ] (2016–present), eds. Этимологический словарь славянских языков. Праславянский лексический фонд (Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages: Proto-Slavic Lexical Stock) (ЭССЯ / ESSJa). 42 vols. (A-*perzъ). Moscow: Nauka, 1974–present.
• Rick Derksen. Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
• Emanuel Klotz. Urslawisches Wörterbuch. Wien: Facultas, ¹2017, ²2023.

Belarusian

• Belarusian Academy of Sciences. Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы. 14 vols. (А–Т). Minsk: Belarusian Academy of Sciences, 1978–.

Bulgarian

• Стефанъ Младеновъ. Етимологически и правописенъ речникъ на българския книжовенъ езикъ. София: Книгоиздателство Христо Г. Дановъ - О.О. д-во, 1941.
• Български етимологичен речник . 8 vols. (А-фякалка). Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Bŭlgarskata akademiya na naukite (vols. 1-3), Akademichno izdatelstvo "Prof. Martin Drinov" (vols. 4-8), 1971–present. [vols. 1-7 available online]

Czech

• J. Holub, F. Kopečný. Etymologický slovník jazyka českého. Prague: Státní nakladatelství učebnic (1952) [1933]
• Václav Machek. Etymologický slovník jazyka českého. Prague: NLN, Nakladatelství Lidové noviny (2010 [1971]) [1957]
• J. Holub, S. Lyer. Stručný etymologický slovník jazyka českého se zvláštním zřetelem k slovům kulturním a cizím. Prague: SPN (1992) [1967]
• Jiří Rejzek. Český etymologický slovník. Voznice: LEDA (2012 [2001])

Old Church Slavonic

• Linda Sadnik  [ de ], Rudolf Aitzetmüller  [ de ]. Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchslavischen Texten. Heidelberg: Carl Winter; 's-Gravenhage: Mouton & Co., 1955.
• Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského (ESJS). 21 vols. Prague: Academia, 1989–2022. ISBN   80-200-0222-7.

Polish

• Aleksander Brückner. Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego , 2nd edn. Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, 1957 (reprint 2000; 1st edn. Kraków: Krakowska Spółka Wydawnicza, 1927).
• Kazimierz Rymut. Nazwiska Polaków: słownik historyczno-etymologiczny. 2 vols. Kraków: Wydawn. Instytutu Języka Polskiego PAN, 1999/2001.
• Andrzej Bańkowski. Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego. 2 vols. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN; Częstochowa: Linguard, 2000 (incomplete).
• Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa. Nowy słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2003.
• Wiesław Boryś  [ pl ]. Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2005.
• Izabela Malmor. Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Warsaw: ParkEdukacja, 2009.

Russian

• Aleksandr Georgievich Preobrazhensky  [ ru ]. Этимологический словарь русского языка. Москва: Типография Г. Лисснера и Д. Совко, 1910–1914 (vols. 1–2: А–С) – Издательство АН СССР, 1949 (vol. 3: тело–ящур).
• Max Vasmer. Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1953–58. (Translated into Russian and expanded by Oleg Trubachov, Этимологический словарь русского языка. 4 vols. Moscow: Прогресс, 1959–1961.)
• N. M. Shansky  [ ru ], V. V. Ivanov  [ ru ], T. V. Shanskaya. Краткий этимологический словарь. Москва: Гос. учебно-педагогическое издат. Министерства просвещения РСФСР, 1961. ²1971.
• N. M. Shansky  [ ru ] (1963–2007), A. F. Zhuravlyov  [ ru ] (1999–) (eds.). Этимологический словарь русского языка  [ ru ]. 11 vols. (А—Н). Москва: Издательство Московского университета, 1963–.
• Pavel Yakovlevich Chernykh  [ ru ]. Историко-этимологический словарь современного русского языка [= Historical and etymological dictionary of modern Russian language]. 2 vols. Moscow: Русский язык. 1993.
• Terence Wade. Russian Etymological Dictionary. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1996.
• Vladimir Orel. Russian Etymological Dictionary. 4 vols. Edited by Vitaly Shevoroshkin & Cindy Drover-Davidson. Calgary, Canada: Octavia Press (vols. 1–3) & Theophania Publishing (vol. 4), 2007–2011.
• Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Anikin  [ ru ]. Русский этимологический словарь. 18 vols. (А–зять). Москва: Рукописные памятники Древней Руси [etc.], 2007–.

Serbo-Croatian

• Petar Skok. Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language]. 4 vols. Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1971–4. Edited by Mirko Deanović, Ljudevit Jonke and Valentin Putanec.
• Alemko Gluhak. Hrvatski etimološki rječnik. Zagreb: August Cesarec, 1993.
• Vojmir Vinja. Jadranske etimologije: Jadranske dopune Skokovu etimologijskom rječniku [Adriatic Etymologies: Adriatic Addenda to Skok's Etymological Dictionary]. 4 vols. Zagreb: HAZU, Školska knjiga, 1998–2016.
• Aleksandar Loma, ed. Етимолошки речник српског језика. 4 vols. (А–Бљ). Beograd: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, 2003–.
• Ranko Matasović, Tijmen Pronk, Dubravka Ivšić, Dunja Brozović Rončević. Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika. 2 vols. Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, 2016–21.
• Aleksandar Loma, ed. Приручни етимолошки речник српског језика. 1 vol. (А–Ј). Beograd: Institut za srpski jezik SANU, 2023–.

Slovak

• Ľubor Králik. Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny. Bratislava: VEDA, 2015.

Slovene

• France Bezlaj (eds. Marko Snoj, Metka Furlan, vols. 3–5) Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika. 5 vols. Ljubljana: SAZU, 1977–2007. ( ISBN   86-11-14125-3), COBISS   10028033
• Marko Snoj. Slovenski etimološki slovar. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1997. (2nd edn. 2003, 3rd edn. 2015) ( ISBN   961-6465-37-6), COBISS   124973312
• Metka Furlan. Novi etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika. Rastoči slovar. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, 2017–.

Sorbian

• Heinz Schuster-Šewc. Historisch-etymologisches Wörterbuch der ober- und niedersorbischen Sprache. 5 vols. Bautzen: VEB Domowina-Verlag, 1978–1996.

Ukrainian

• Jaroslav B. Rudnyc'kyj. An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language. 2 vols. Winnipeg: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences, 1962–1982.
• Oleksandr Savych Mel'nychuk, ed. Етимологічний словник української мови . 6 vols. (А-Я). Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 1982–present.

Celtic

• Whitley Stokes. Urkeltischer Sprachschatz. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht's Verlag, 1894.
• Ranko Matasović. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

Breton

• Christian-Joseph Guyonvarc'h. Dictionnaire étymologique du Breton ancien, moyen et moderne (A–amleal). Rennes: Ogam-Celticum, 1973–1975. (6 fascicles, unfinished)
• Albert Deshayes. Dictionnaire étymologique du breton. Douarnenez: Le Chasse-Marée, 2003.

Cornish

• Enrico Campanile. Profilo etimologico del cornico antico. Pisa: Pacini, 1974.

Old Irish

• Sanas Cormaic , encyclopedic dictionary, 9th or 10th century
• Joseph Vendryes, E. Bachellery, & Pierre-Yves Lambert. Lexique étymologique de l'irlandais ancien (LÉIA). 7 vols. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies; Paris: CNRC Éditions, 1959–1996. (unfinished)

Scottish Gaelic

• Alexander MacBain, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Inverness: Northern Counties Printing and Publishing Company, 1896 (rev. ed. 1911) [available at Hathitrust (1896), Internet Archive (1911)]

Germanic

• Frank Heidermanns. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (EWgA). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993.
• Vladimir Orel. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
• Guus Kroonen. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Danish

• Edwin Jessen (1893), Dansk etymologisk Ordbog (in Danish), Copenhagen: Gyldendal, Wikidata   Q65525361
• Hjalmar Falk and Alf Torp, Etymologisk ordbog over det norske og det danske sprog. 2 vols. Kristiania: F. Aschenhoug & Co., 1903–1906.
• Jan Katlev, ed. (2000), Politikens Etymologisk Ordbog. Danske ords historie (in Danish), Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag, Wikidata   Q110820320

Dutch

• Jan de Vries. Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek (NEW), 4th edn. Leiden: Brill, 1997 (1st edn. 1971).
• Nicoline van der Sijs. Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden, 2nd edn. Orig. by P.A.F. van Veen. Utrecht–Antwerp: Van Dale Lexicografie, 1997 (1st edn. 1989).
• Marlies Philippa, Frans Debrabandere, A. Quak, T. Schoonheim, & Nicoline van der Sijs, eds. Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (EWN). 4 vols. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2003–09.

English

• Walter William Skeat. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1882 (4th edition 1910).
• Eric Partridge, Origins: A short etymological dictionary of Modern English. New York: Greenwich House, 1958 (reprint: 1959, 1961, 1966, 2008).
• C.T. Onions, ed. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966.
• Ernest Klein. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1966–67.
• Terry F. Hoad. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
• Robert K. Barnhart & Sol Steinmetz, eds. Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology. Bronx, NY: H. W. Wilson, 1988 (reprinted as Chambers Dictionary of Etymology).

German

• Elmar Seebold, ed. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache , 26th edn. Originally by Friedrich Kluge. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2013 (1st edn. 1883).
• Wolfgang Pfeifer, ed. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 7th edn. Munich: dtv, 2004 (1st edn., 1995).
• Gunther Drosdowsi, Paul Grebe, et al., eds. Duden, Das Herkunftswörterbuch: Etymologie der deutschen Sprache, 5th edn. Berlin: Duden, 2013.
• Sabine Krome, ed. Wahrig, Herkunftswörterbuch, 5th edn. Originally by Ursula Hermann. Gütersloh–Munich: Wissenmedia, 2009.

Gothic

• Sigmund Feist. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache. Halle a. S.: Max Niemeyer, 1909. (2nd ed. 1923; 3rd ed. as Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, Leiden: Brill, 1939)
• Winfred P. Lehmann. A Gothic Etymological Dictionary. Leiden: Brill, 1986.

Icelandic

• Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon. Íslensk orðsifjabók , 3rd printing with corrections. Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans, 1995 (repr. 2008).

Norwegian

• Hjalmar Falk and Alf Torp, Etymologisk ordbog over det norske og det danske sprog. 2 vols. Kristiania: F. Aschenhoug & Co., 1903–1906.
• Harald Bjorvand and Fredrik Otto Lindeman, Våre arveord: Etymologisk ordbok. Oslo: Novus Forlag, 2000.
• Yann de Caprona  [ no ], Norsk etymologisk ordbok: Tematisk ordnet. Oslo: Kagge Forlag, 2013.

Old Frisian

• Dirk Boutkan and Sjoerd Michiel Siebinga, Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2005.

Old Norse

• Jan de Vries. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: Brill, 1957-1960 (²1962 revised ed., ³1977, ⁴2000).

Scots

• John Jamieson, An Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language (1808), revised 1879–97.

Swedish

• Elof Hellquist. Svensk etymologisk ordbok. Lund: Gleerups, 1922–1980. ( ISBN   91-40-01978-0)
• Birgitta Ernby. Norstedts etymologiska ordbok. Stockholm: Norstedts Förlag, 2008. ( ISBN   978-91-7227-429-7)

Greek

Ancient Greek

• Walther Prellwitz. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Griechischen Sprache. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1892.
• Émile Boisacq  [ fr ]. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque. Heidelberg: Carl Winter & Paris: Klincksieck, 1916.
• Johann Baptist Hofmann  [ de ]. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen. München: R. Oldenbourg, 1949.
• Hjalmar Frisk. Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1960–72.
• Pierre Chantraine. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque: Histoire des mots, 2nd rev. edn. 2 vols. Revised by Jean Taillardat, Olivier Masson, & Jean-Louis Perpillou. Paris: Klincksieck, 2009 (2nd edn. 1994; 1st edn. 1968–80 in 4 vols.).
• Robert S. P. Beekes. Etymological Dictionary of Greek. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2010.
• Rafał Rosół. Frühe semitische Lehnwörter im Griechischen. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2013.

Modern Greek

• Georgios Babiniotis. Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας [= Etymological Dictionary of the Modern Greek Language]. 2 vols. Athens: Κέντρο λεξικογραφίας, 2010.

Indo-Iranian

Sanskrit

• Manfred Mayrhofer. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen (EWAia). 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1992/1998/2001.
• Manfred Mayrhofer. Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen (KEWA). 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1956–1976.

Italic (Latin)

• Alois Vaniček. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1874.
• Alois Walde. Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd edn. 2 vols. Revised by Johann Baptist Hofmann  [ de ]. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1938–54 (1st edn. 1906).
• Alfred Ernout & Antoine Meillet. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: Histoire des mots (DELL), 4th rev. edn. 2 vols. Revised by Jacques André. Paris: Klincksieck, 1985 (4th edn. 1959–60; 1st edn. 1932).
• Michiel de Vaan. Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages. Leiden: Brill, 2008.

Romance

French

• Walther von Wartburg & Hans-Erich Keller, eds. Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch: Eine Darstellung des gallormanischen Sprachschatzes (FEW). 25 vols. Bonn: Klopp; Heidelberg: Carl Winter; Leipzig–Berlin: Teubner; Basel: R. G. Zbinden, 1922–67 (some vols. have since been revised).
• Oscar Bloch & Walther von Wartburg. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 2nd edn. Paris: PUF, 1950 (1st edn. 1932).
• Albert Dauzat, Jean Dubois, & Henri Mitterand. Nouveau dictionnaire étymologique et historique, 2nd edn. Paris: Larousse, 1964 (1st edn. 1938).
• Jacqueline Picoche  [ fr ]. Dictionnaire étymologique du français. Paris: Le Robert, 1971.
• Emmanuèle Baumgartner & Philippe Ménard. Dictionnaire étymologique et historique de la langue française. Paris: Livre de Poche, 1996.
• Alain Rey, ed. Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, 4th edn. 2 vols. Paris: Le Robert, 2016 (1st edn. 1992).

Italian

• Manlio Cortelazzo & Paolo Zolli. Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana (DELIN), 2nd edn. Bologna: Zanichelli, 2004 (1st edn. 5 vols., 1979–1988).
• Alberto Nocentini. L’Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana. With the collaboration of Alessandro Parenti. Milan: Mondadori, 2010.

Portuguese

• José Pedro Machado. Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 3rd edn. 5 vols. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1977 (1st edn. 1952).
• Antonio Geraldo da Cunha. Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th edn. Revised by Cláudio Mello Sobrinho. Rio de Janeiro: FAPERJ/Lexikon, 2010 (1st edn. 1982).

Sardinian

• Max Leopold Wagner. Dizionario etimologico sardo (DES). 2 vols. Revised by Giulio Paulis. Nuoro: Ilisso, 2008 (1st edn. 3 vols., Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1960–4).
• Massimo Pittau. Dizionario della lingua sarda fraseologico ed etimologico (DILS). 2 vols. Cagliari: E. Gasperini, 2000–03.

Spanish

• Joan Corominas. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (DCECH). 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos, 1980–91 ( ISBN   84-249-1362-0)
• Guido Gómez de Silva. Elsevier's Concise Spanish Etymological Dictionary. Amsterdam–NY: Elsevier Sciences, 1985. ( ISBN   968-16-2812-8)
• Michel Bénaben. Dictionnaire étymologique de l'espagnol. Paris: Ellipses, 2000.

Tocharian

• A. J. van Windekens. Lexique étymologique des dialectes tokhariens. Louvain: Bureaux du Muséon, 1941.
• A. J. van Windekens. Le tokharien confronté avec les autres langues indoeuropéennes, vol. 1: La phonétique et le vocabulaire. Louvain: Centre international de dialectologie générale, 1976.
• Jörundur Hilmarsson. Materials for a Tocharian Historical and Etymological Dictionary. Reykjavík: Málvísindastofnun Háskóla Íslands, 1996. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky and Guđrun Thórhallsdóttir with the assistance of Sigurđur H. Pálsson.

Uralic

• Károly Rédei, ed. Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (UEW). 3 vols. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1986–91.

Finnish

• Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]. 3 vols. Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus / Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1992–2000 (vol. 1, A–K 1992; vol. 2, L–P 1995; vol. 3, R–Ö 2000).

Hungarian

• István Tótfalusi. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár. Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001.
• András Róna-Tas & Árpád Berta. West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian. 2 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2011.
• Gábor Zaicz. Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’), 2nd edn. Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2021 (1st edn., 2006)

Other languages

• Burji
  • Sasse, Hans-Jürgen. An Etymological Dictionary of Burji [Kuschitische Sprachstudien 1]. Hamburg: Buske, 1982. ( ISBN   3871185612)
• Chinese
  • Axel Schuessler. ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2007.

• Gurage
  • Wolf Leslau. Etymological Dictionary of Gurage (Ethiopic). 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1979. (ISBN 3-447-02041-5)
• Harari
  • Wolf Leslau. Etymological dictionary of Harari. Berkely: University of Los Angeles, 1963.

• Turkish
  • Sevan Nişanyan. Sözlerin soyağacı: çağdaş Türkçenin etimolojik sözlüğü. Beyoğlu (Istanbul): Adam, 2002.
  • Gerard Leslie Makins Clauson. An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish. London: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Other language families

• Afro-Asiatic
  • Vladimir Orel & Olga V. Stolbova. Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
• Altaic
  • Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo & Oleg Mudrak. Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages . Leiden: Brill, 2003.
• Dravidian
  • Thomas D. Burrows & Murray Barnson Emeneau. A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary (DED), 2nd edn. Oxford: Munshirm Manoharlal / Clarendon Press, 1984 (1st edn. 1961).
• Kartvelian
  • Heinz Fähnrich & Surab Sardshweladse. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Kartwel-Sprachen. Leiden: Brill, 1995.

Online

Indo-European languages

• – Online Etymology Dictionary of English compiled by Douglas Harper
• – Ancient Greek Etymological Dictionary by H. Frisk
• – An Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon by Alwin Kloekhorst
• – Indo-European Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al.
• – Hungarian etymological dictionary (Új magyar etimológiai szótár)
• – Nepali Etymological Dictionary by R. L. Turner
• – Romanian Etymological Dictionary
• – Russian Etymological Dictionary by Max Vasmer, Heidelberg (1962), 4 volumes
• – Slovenian Etymological Dictionary (Slovenski etimološki slovar) by Marko Snoj
• – Swedish Etymological Dictionary by Elof Hellquist
• – Belarusian Etymological Dictionary (1978-2017) by Belarusian Academy of Sciences

Afroasiatic languages

• – Afroasiatic Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al.
• – Arabic Etymological Dictionary by Alphaya, LTD
• – Arabic Etymological Dictionary by Andras Rajki
• – Hebrew Etymological Dictionary by Ernest Klein

Altaic languages

• – Altaic Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al.
• – Chuvash Etymological Dictionary by M. R. Fedotov
• – Gagauz Etymological Dictionary
• – Mongolian Etymological Dictionary
• – Turkish Etymological Dictionary by Sevan Nişanyan "Sözlerin Soyağacı – Çağdaş Türkçe'nin Etimolojik Sözlüğü" (Third ed. Adam Y. Istanbul 2007)

Austronesian languages

• – Austronesian Comparative Dictionary by R. A. Blust
• – Indonesian Etymological Dictionary by S. M. Zain
• – Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary by E. Tregear
• – A Concise Waray Dictionary (Waray-Waray, Leytese-Samarese) with etymologies and Bicol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan and Tagalog cognates

Bantu languages

• – Bantu Etymological Dictionary
• – Swahili Etymological Dictionary
• – Swahili Etymological Dictionary by World Loanword Database

Creole languages and conlangs

• – Bislama Dictionary with etymologies by Andras Rajki
• – Esperanto Etymological Dictionary
• – Morisyen Etymological Dictionary
• – Volapük Dictionary

Uralic languages

• – Uralic Etymological Database (Uralonet)
• – Uralic Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al.
• – Estonian Etymological Dictionary by Iris Metsmägi, Meeli Sedrik, Sven-Erik Soosaar
• – Zaicz, Gábor. Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, ISBN   9637094016, first edition.

  Its second, revised, expanded edition published in 2021 is only available in print ( ISBN   9789634092926).

• – Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár, ISBN   9639374121
• – Saami Etymological Dictionary

Other languages and language families

• – Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask
• – Basque Etymological Dictionary
• – Dravidian Etymological Dictionary by T. Burrow
• – Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary by G. A. Klimov
• – Mayan Etymological Dictionary by T. Kaufman and J. Justeson
• – Mon-Khmer Etymological Dictionary by D. Cooper and P. J. Sidwell
• – Munda Etymological Dictionary by D. Cooper
• – Munda Etymological Dictionary by D. Stampe et al.
• – North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al.
• – Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus by J. A. Matisoff
• – Thai Etymological Dictionary by M. Haas

See also

• Historical dictionary
• List of proto-languages

References

1. Dickson, Andrew (23 February 2018). "Inside the OED: Can the world's biggest dictionary survive the internet?". The Guardian.

External links

• Etymological Bibliography of Take Our Word For It, the only Weekly Word-origin Webzine
• Indo-European Etymological Dictionary (IEED) at Leiden University
• Internet Archive Search: Etymological Dictionary Etymological Dictionaries in English at the Internet archive
• Internet Archive Search: Etymologisches Wörterbuch Etymological Dictionaries in German at the Internet archive
• Online Etymology Dictionary (see also its Wikipedia article)