Etymological dictionary

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Etymologicum Teutonicae Linguae, 1777. Cornelis Kiliaan - Etymologicum Teutonicae Linguae, Utrecht, Roeland de Meyere 1777.jpg
Etymologicum Teutonicae Linguae, 1777.

An etymological dictionary discusses the etymology of the words listed. Often, large dictionaries, such as the Oxford English Dictionary and Webster's , will contain some etymological information, without aspiring to focus on etymology. [1]

Contents

Etymological dictionaries are the product of research in historical linguistics. For many words in any language, the etymology will be uncertain, disputed, or simply unknown. In such cases, depending on the space available, an etymological dictionary will present various suggestions and perhaps make a judgement on their likelihood, and provide references to a full discussion in specialist literature.

The tradition of compiling "derivations" of words is pre-modern, found for example in Sanskrit ( nirukta ), Arabic ( al-ištiqāq ) and also in Western tradition (in works such as the Etymologicum Magnum and Isidore of Seville's Etymologiae ). Etymological dictionaries in the modern sense, however, appear only in the late 18th century (with 17th-century predecessors such as the Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española by Sebastián de Covarrubias (1611), Vossius' 1662 Etymologicum linguae Latinae or Stephen Skinner's 1671 Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae), with the understanding of sound laws and language change and their production was an important task of the "golden age of philology" in the 19th century.

Indo-European

Albanian

Anatolian (Hittite)

Armenian

Balto-Slavic

Baltic

  • Rick Derksen. Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
Latvian
  • Konstantīns Karulis. Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca. Rīga: Avots, 1992.
Lithuanian
  • Ernst Fraenkel, Annemarie Slupski, Erich Hofmann, & Eberhard Tangl, eds. Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (LitEW). 2 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1962–65.
  • Wolfgang Hock et al. Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterburch (ALEW). 3 vols. Hamburg: Baar Verlag, 2015.
Old Prussian
  • Erich Berneker. Die preussische Sprache. Texte, Grammatik, etymologisches Wörterbuch. Strassburg: Verlag von Karl J. Trübner, 1896.
  • Vytautas Mažiulis. Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas, 2nd rev. edn. [= Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]. Vilnius: Mokslas, 2013 (1st edn. 1988–1997).

Slavic

Belarusian
Bulgarian
Czech
  • J. Holub, F. Kopečný. Etymologický slovník jazyka českého. Prague: Státní nakladatelství učebnic (1952) [1933]
  • Václav Machek. Etymologický slovník jazyka českého. Prague: NLN, Nakladatelství Lidové noviny (2010 [1971]) [1957]
  • J. Holub, S. Lyer. Stručný etymologický slovník jazyka českého se zvláštním zřetelem k slovům kulturním a cizím. Prague: SPN (1992) [1967]
  • Jiří Rejzek. Český etymologický slovník. Voznice: LEDA (2012 [2001])
Old Church Slavonic
  • Linda Sadnik  [ de ], Rudolf Aitzetmüller  [ de ]. Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchslavischen Texten. Heidelberg: Carl Winter; 's-Gravenhage: Mouton & Co., 1955.
  • Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského (ESJS). 21 vols. Prague: Academia, 1989–2022. ISBN   80-200-0222-7.
Polish
  • Aleksander Brückner. Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego , 2nd edn. Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, 1957 (reprint 2000; 1st edn. Kraków: Krakowska Spółka Wydawnicza, 1927).
  • Kazimierz Rymut. Nazwiska Polaków: słownik historyczno-etymologiczny. 2 vols. Kraków: Wydawn. Instytutu Języka Polskiego PAN, 1999/2001.
  • Andrzej Bańkowski. Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego. 2 vols. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN; Częstochowa: Linguard, 2000 (incomplete).
  • Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa. Nowy słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2003.
  • Wiesław Boryś  [ pl ]. Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2005.
  • Izabela Malmor. Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Warsaw: ParkEdukacja, 2009.
Russian
  • Aleksandr Georgievich Preobrazhensky  [ ru ]. Этимологический словарь русского языка. Москва: Типография Г. Лисснера и Д. Совко, 1910–1914 (vols. 1–2: А–С) – Издательство АН СССР, 1949 (vol. 3: тело–ящур).
  • Max Vasmer. Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1953–58. (Translated into Russian and expanded by Oleg Trubachov, Этимологический словарь русского языка. 4 vols. Moscow: Прогресс, 1959–1961.)
  • N. M. Shansky  [ ru ], V. V. Ivanov  [ ru ], T. V. Shanskaya. Краткий этимологический словарь. Москва: Гос. учебно-педагогическое издат. Министерства просвещения РСФСР, 1961. ²1971.
  • N. M. Shansky  [ ru ] (1963–2007), A. F. Zhuravlyov  [ ru ] (1999–) (eds.). Этимологический словарь русского языка  [ ru ]. 11 vols. (А—Н). Москва: Издательство Московского университета, 1963–.
  • Pavel Yakovlevich Chernykh  [ ru ]. Историко-этимологический словарь современного русского языка [= Historical and etymological dictionary of modern Russian language]. 2 vols. Moscow: Русский язык. 1993.
  • Terence Wade. Russian Etymological Dictionary. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1996.
  • Vladimir Orel. Russian Etymological Dictionary. 4 vols. Edited by Vitaly Shevoroshkin & Cindy Drover-Davidson. Calgary, Canada: Octavia Press (vols. 1–3) & Theophania Publishing (vol. 4), 2007–2011.
  • Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Anikin  [ ru ]. Русский этимологический словарь. 18 vols. (А–зять). Москва: Рукописные памятники Древней Руси [etc.], 2007–.
Serbo-Croatian
  • Petar Skok. Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language]. 4 vols. Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1971–4. Edited by Mirko Deanović, Ljudevit Jonke and Valentin Putanec.
  • Alemko Gluhak. Hrvatski etimološki rječnik. Zagreb: August Cesarec, 1993.
  • Vojmir Vinja. Jadranske etimologije: Jadranske dopune Skokovu etimologijskom rječniku [Adriatic Etymologies: Adriatic Addenda to Skok's Etymological Dictionary]. 4 vols. Zagreb: HAZU, Školska knjiga, 1998–2016.
  • Aleksandar Loma, ed. Етимолошки речник српског језика. 4 vols. (А–Бљ). Beograd: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, 2003–.
  • Ranko Matasović, Tijmen Pronk, Dubravka Ivšić, Dunja Brozović Rončević. Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika. 2 vols. Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, 2016–21.
  • Aleksandar Loma, ed. Приручни етимолошки речник српског језика. 1 vol. (А–Ј). Beograd: Institut za srpski jezik SANU, 2023–.
Slovak
  • Ľubor Králik. Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny. Bratislava: VEDA, 2015.
Slovene
Sorbian
  • Heinz Schuster-Šewc. Historisch-etymologisches Wörterbuch der ober- und niedersorbischen Sprache. 5 vols. Bautzen: VEB Domowina-Verlag, 1978–1996.
Ukrainian

Celtic

Breton

  • Albert Deshayes. Dictionnaire étymologique du breton. Douarnenez: Le Chasse-Marée, 2003.

Old Irish

Scottish Gaelic

Germanic

Danish

  • Edwin Jessen (1893), Dansk etymologisk Ordbog (in Danish), Copenhagen: Gyldendal, Wikidata   Q65525361
  • Jan Katlev, ed. (2000), Politikens Etymologisk Ordbog. Danske ords historie (in Danish), Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag, Wikidata   Q110820320

Dutch

  • Jan de Vries. Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek (NEW), 4th edn. Leiden: Brill, 1997 (1st edn. 1971).
  • Nicoline van der Sijs. Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden, 2nd edn. Orig. by P.A.F. van Veen. Utrecht–Antwerp: Van Dale Lexicografie, 1997 (1st edn. 1989).
  • Marlies Philippa, Frans Debrabandere, A. Quak, T. Schoonheim, & Nicoline van der Sijs, eds. Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (EWN). 4 vols. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2003–09.

English

  • Walter William Skeat. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1882 (4th edition 1910).
  • Eric Partridge, Origins: A short etymological dictionary of Modern English. New York: Greenwich House, 1958 (reprint: 1959, 1961, 1966, 2008).
  • C.T. Onions, ed. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966.
  • Ernest Klein. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1966–67.
  • Terry F. Hoad. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
  • Robert K. Barnhart & Sol Steinmetz, eds. Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology. Bronx, NY: H. W. Wilson, 1988 (reprinted as Chambers Dictionary of Etymology).

German

  • Elmar Seebold, ed. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [ Etymological Dictionary of the German Language ], 26th edn. Originally by Friedrich Kluge. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2013 (1st edn. 1883).
  • Wolfgang Pfeifer, ed. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 7th edn. Munich: dtv, 2004 (1st edn., 1995).
  • Gunther Drosdowsi, Paul Grebe, et al., eds. Duden, Das Herkunftswörterbuch: Etymologie der deutschen Sprache, 5th edn. Berlin: Duden, 2013.
  • Sabine Krome, ed. Wahrig, Herkunftswörterbuch, 5th edn. Originally by Ursula Hermann. Gütersloh–Munich: Wissenmedia, 2009.

Gothic

  • Sigmund Feist. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache. Halle a. S.: Max Niemeyer, 1909. (2nd ed. 1923; 3rd ed. as Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, Leiden: Brill, 1939)
  • Winfred P. Lehmann. A Gothic Etymological Dictionary. Leiden: Brill, 1986.

Icelandic

Old Norse

  • Jan de Vries. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: Brill, 1957-1960 (21962 revised ed., 31977, 42000).

Scots

  • John Jamieson, An Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language (1808), revised 1879–97.

Swedish

Greek

Ancient Greek

  • Walther Prellwitz. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Griechischen Sprache. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1892.
  • Émile Boisacq  [ fr ]. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque. Heidelberg: Carl Winter & Paris: Klincksieck, 1916.
  • Johann Baptist Hofmann  [ de ]. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen. München: R. Oldenbourg, 1949.
  • Hjalmar Frisk. Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1960–72.
  • Pierre Chantraine. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque: Histoire des mots, 2nd rev. edn. 2 vols. Revised by Jean Taillardat, Olivier Masson, & Jean-Louis Perpillou. Paris: Klincksieck, 2009 (2nd edn. 1994; 1st edn. 1968–80 in 4 vols.).
  • Robert S. P. Beekes. Etymological Dictionary of Greek. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2010.
  • Rafał Rosół. Frühe semitische Lehnwörter im Griechischen. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2013.

Modern Greek

  • Georgios Babiniotis. Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας [= Etymological Dictionary of the Modern Greek Language]. 2 vols. Athens: Κέντρο λεξικογραφίας, 2010.

Indo-Iranian

Sanskrit

  • Manfred Mayrhofer. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen (EWAia). 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1992/1998/2001.
  • Manfred Mayrhofer. Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen (KEWA). 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1956–1976.

Italic (Latin)

Romance

French
  • Walther von Wartburg & Hans-Erich Keller, eds. Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch: Eine Darstellung des gallormanischen Sprachschatzes (FEW). 25 vols. Bonn: Klopp; Heidelberg: Carl Winter; Leipzig–Berlin: Teubner; Basel: R. G. Zbinden, 1922–67 (some vols. have since been revised).
  • Oscar Bloch & Walther von Wartburg. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 2nd edn. Paris: PUF, 1950 (1st edn. 1932).
  • Albert Dauzat, Jean Dubois, & Henri Mitterand. Nouveau dictionnaire étymologique et historique, 2nd edn. Paris: Larousse, 1964 (1st edn. 1938).
  • Jacqueline Picoche  [ fr ]. Dictionnaire étymologique du français. Paris: Le Robert, 1971.
  • Emmanuèle Baumgartner & Philippe Ménard. Dictionnaire étymologique et historique de la langue française. Paris: Livre de Poche, 1996.
  • Alain Rey, ed. Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, 4th edn. 2 vols. Paris: Le Robert, 2016 (1st edn. 1992).
Italian
  • Manlio Cortelazzo & Paolo Zolli. Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana (DELIN), 2nd edn. Bologna: Zanichelli, 2004 (1st edn. 5 vols., 1979–1988).
  • Alberto Nocentini. L’Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana. With the collaboration of Alessandro Parenti. Milan: Mondadori, 2010.
Portuguese
  • José Pedro Machado. Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 3rd edn. 5 vols. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1977 (1st edn. 1952).
  • Antonio Geraldo da Cunha. Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th edn. Revised by Cláudio Mello Sobrinho. Rio de Janeiro: FAPERJ/Lexikon, 2010 (1st edn. 1982).
Sardinian
  • Max Leopold Wagner. Dizionario etimologico sardo (DES). 2 vols. Revised by Giulio Paulis. Nuoro: Ilisso, 2008 (1st edn. 3 vols., Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1960–4).
  • Massimo Pittau. Dizionario della lingua sarda fraseologico ed etimologico (DILS). 2 vols. Cagliari: E. Gasperini, 2000–03.
Spanish
  • Joan Corominas. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (DCECH). 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos, 1980–91 ( ISBN   84-249-1362-0)
  • Guido Gómez de Silva. Elsevier's Concise Spanish Etymological Dictionary. Amsterdam–NY: Elsevier Sciences, 1985. ( ISBN   968-16-2812-8)
  • Michel Bénaben. Dictionnaire étymologique de l'espagnol. Paris: Ellipses, 2000.

Tocharian

Uralic

Finnish

Hungarian

Other languages

Other language families

Online

Indo-European languages

Afroasiatic languages

Altaic languages

Austronesian languages

Bantu languages

Creole languages and conlangs

Uralic languages

Other languages and language families

See also

References

  1. Dickson, Andrew (23 February 2018). "Inside the OED: Can the world's biggest dictionary survive the internet?". The Guardian.