Legal status of human sterilization by country

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Laws regarding sterilization for contraceptive purposes around the world:
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Legal from the age of 18
Legal from the age of 21, 25 or 18 for those with two children
Legal from the age of 25
Legal from the age of 30, 35 or 40
Legal for those with at least 3, 4 or 5 children sometimes with additional age requirements
Illegal
No data Laws regarding sterilization for contraceptive purposes around the world.svg
Laws regarding sterilization for contraceptive purposes around the world:
   Legal from the age of 18
   Legal from the age of 21, 25 or 18 for those with two children
   Legal from the age of 25
   Legal from the age of 30, 35 or 40
   Legal for those with at least 3, 4 or 5 children sometimes with additional age requirements
   Illegal
   No data

This article provides an overview of human sterilization by country. While many countries permit voluntary sterilization for contraceptive purposes, some permit it only for medical or eugenic purposes. Additional restrictions may include minimum age, parental or spousal consent. [1]

Country Compulsory Voluntary for contraceptive purposesNotes
Flag of Albania.svg AlbaniaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of Andorra.svg AndorraIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] Since 1996
Flag of Argentina.svg ArgentinaYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Australia (converted).svg AustraliaYes [1] Since 1977
Flag of Austria.svg AustriaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] 25+ years for contraceptive purposes. Since 1974
Flag of the Bahamas.svg BahamasYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Bangladesh.svg BangladeshFor refugeesYes [1]
Flag of Belarus.svg BelarusYes [1]

35+years or at least two children
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg BelgiumIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of Belize.svg BelizeYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and HerzegovinaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of Botswana.svg BotswanaYes [1]
Flag of Brazil.svg BrazilIllegal in most cases, although both the US and Brazilian governments have carried out sterilisation of Brazilians in the 20th and 21st centuries under various rationalesYes [1] 21+ years or <21 with two children for contraceptive purposes. Since 2022
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaVaries per province; sterilisations particularly of indigenous individuals performed in the 20th and 21st centuriesYes [1] Since 1979
Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape VerdeYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Chile.svg ChileYes [1] Since 2001
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg ChinaDe juris illegal but practiced, particularly against Uyghurs Yes [1]
Flag of Colombia.svg ColombiaYes [1] Since 1984
Flag of the Comoros.svg ComorosYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa RicaYes [1] Since 1999
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Côte d'IvoireYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Croatia.svg CroatiaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] 35+ for contraceptive purposes. Since 1978
Flag of Cuba.svg CubaYes [1] 32+ years with several children for contraceptive purposes. Since 1968
Flag of Cyprus.svg CyprusIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech RepublicYes [1] 21+ years for contraceptive reasons. Since 2012
Flag of Denmark.svg DenmarkIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] 25+ years for contraceptive reasons. Since 1976
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican RepublicYes [1] 40+ years with one child, 35+ with three children, 30+ with five children or 25+ with six children for contraceptive purposes. Since 1972
Flag of Ecuador.svg EcuadorYes [1] 25+ years with three children for contraceptive purposes. Since 1992
Flag of El Salvador.svg El SalvadorYes [1] Since 1979
Flag of Estonia.svg EstoniaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [3] 35+years or at least 3 children. Since 1998
Flag of Fiji.svg FijiYes [1]
Flag of Finland.svg FinlandIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] 30+ years or <30 years and three children for contraceptive purposes. Since 1985
Flag of France.svg FranceIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] Since 2001
Flag of Georgia.svg GeorgiaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Germany.svg GermanyIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1]
Flag of Ghana.svg GhanaYes [1]
Flag of Greece.svg GreeceIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of Guatemala.svg GuatemalaNo [1]
Flag of Honduras.svg HondurasYes [1] 35+ years with one child or 24–43 with three children for contraceptive purposes.
Flag of Hungary.svg HungaryYes [1] 40+ years or 35+ years with three children or 30+ years with four children.
Flag of Iceland.svg IcelandIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] 25+ years for contraceptive purposes
Flag of India.svg IndiaYes [1] 20+ (women) or 25+ (men) years for contraceptive purposes, less if couple has two children. Spousal consent and has to have had one child that is a year old
Flag of Indonesia.svg IndonesiaYes [1]
Flag of Iran.svg IranNoIn 2021 sterilization was prohibited except for medical purposes. [4]
Flag of Ireland.svg IrelandIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of Israel.svg IsraelYes [1]
Flag of Italy.svg ItalyIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1]
Flag of Japan.svg JapanNo [1] Current law since 1996. In practice, contraceptive sterilizations are performed routinely, with health reasons given as the justification. [1]
Flag of Kenya.svg KenyaYes [1]
Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg KyrgyzstanYes [5]
Flag of Latvia.svg LatviaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of Lesotho.svg LesothoYes [1]
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg LiechtensteinIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] 25+ years for contraceptive purposes.
Flag of Lithuania.svg LithuaniaNo [6]
Flag of Luxembourg.svg LuxembourgIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1]
Flag of Mali.svg MaliYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Malaysia.svg MalaysiaNoAccording to 1981 fatwa sterilization is forbidden for men and women. Temporary contraceptive methods may be permitted for health and economic reasons. [7]
Flag of Malta.svg MaltaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of Mexico.svg MexicoYes [1]
Flag of Moldova.svg MoldovaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Monaco.svg MonacoIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of Mongolia.svg MongoliaYes [1] Woman must have many[ quantify ] children
Flag of Montenegro.svg MontenegroIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of Morocco.svg MoroccoYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Myanmar.svg MyanmarNo [1] Since 1963
Flag of Namibia.svg NamibiaYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Nepal.svg NepalYes [1]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg NetherlandsIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1]
Flag of New Zealand.svg New ZealandYes [1]
Flag of Nicaragua.svg NicaraguaYes [1]
Flag of Niger.svg NigerYes [1] 35+ years with four children for contraceptive purposes.
Flag of Nigeria.svg NigeriaYes [1]
Flag of North Macedonia.svg North MacedoniaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Norway.svg NorwayIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] 25+ years for contraceptive purposes
Flag of Pakistan.svg PakistanYes [1]
Flag of Panama.svg PanamaYes [1] Five children for contraceptive purposes.
Flag of Paraguay.svg ParaguayYes [1]
Flag of Peru.svg PeruYes [1]
Flag of the Philippines.svg PhilippinesYes [1]
Flag of Poland.svg PolandIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectNoReproductive sterilisation of men (vasectomy) is legal in Poland, while other sterilization methods have been defined as a criminal act since 1997 [8] :19 and remains so as of 5 September 2019, under Article 156 §1, which also covers making someone blind, deaf or mute, of the 1997 law. [9] :64 The original 1997 law punished contraventions with a prison sentence of one to ten years [8] and the updated law as of 5 September 2019 sets a prison sentence of at least 3 years. [9] The prison sentence is a maximum of three years if the sterilisation is involuntary, under Art. 156 §2. [8] [9] :64
Flag of Portugal.svg PortugalIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] 25+ years for contraceptive purposes.
Flag of Romania.svg RomaniaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1]
Flag of Russia.svg RussiaYes [1] 35+ years or <35 with two children.
Flag of San Marino.svg San MarinoIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of Serbia.svg Illegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of Singapore.svg SingaporeYes [1]
Flag of Slovenia.svg SloveniaIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] 35+ years for contraceptive purposes
Flag of Rwanda.svg RwandaNo [1]
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi ArabiaNo [1]
Flag of Senegal.svg SenegalYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovak RepublicYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of South Africa.svg South AfricaYes [1]
Flag of South Korea.svg South KoreaYes [1] Since 1973
Flag of Spain.svg SpainIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1]
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri LankaYes [1]
Flag of Sudan.svg SudanNo [1] Since 1990
Flag of Sweden.svg SwedenIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1] 25+ years for contraceptive purposes; 18–25 for eugenic, health (women only) or sex change reasons.
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg SwitzerlandIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1]
Flag of the Republic of China.svg TaiwanYes [1] Since 1984
Flag of Tanzania.svg TanzaniaYes [1]
Flag of Thailand.svg ThailandYes [1]
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and TobagoYes [1]
Flag of Tunisia.svg TunisiaYes [1] Since 1973. At least four children required.
Flag of Turkey.svg TurkeyYes [1] Since 1983
Flag of Uganda.svg UgandaYes [1] Since 1993
Flag of Ukraine.svg UkraineIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effect
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab EmiratesNoWomen can opt for sterilisation if they have had "any medical illness that could endanger their life in future due to pregnancy". [10]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United KingdomIllegal since 2014 when the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence came into effectYes [1]
Flag of the United States.svg United StatesYes [1]
Flag of Uruguay.svg UruguayYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Venezuela.svg VenezuelaNo [1] Since 1971
Flag of Vietnam.svg VietnamYes [1] Since 1989
Flag of Zambia.svg ZambiaYes [1] Since 1965
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg ZimbabweYes [1] Since 1985

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

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