Legal status of human sterilization by country

Last updated

Laws regarding sterilization for contraceptive purposes around the world:
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Legal from the age of 18
Legal from the age of 21, 25 or 18 for those with two children
Legal from the age of 25
Legal from the age of 30, 35 or 40
Legal for those with at least 3, 4 or 5 children sometimes with additional age requirements
Illegal
No data Laws regarding sterilization for contraceptive purposes around the world.svg
Laws regarding sterilization for contraceptive purposes around the world:
  Legal from the age of 18
  Legal from the age of 21, 25 or 18 for those with two children
  Legal from the age of 25
  Legal from the age of 30, 35 or 40
  Legal for those with at least 3, 4 or 5 children sometimes with additional age requirements
  Illegal
  No data
Forced sterilization of people with disabilities in Europe
Forced sterilization is allowed for minors
Forced sterilization is allowed
Forced sterilization is prohibited
No data Forced sterilization Europe.svg
Forced sterilization of people with disabilities in Europe
  Forced sterilization is allowed for minors
  Forced sterilization is allowed
  Forced sterilization is prohibited
  No data
Forced sterilization laws in the United States
Forced sterilization is allowed
Status of forced sterilization is unclear
Forced sterilization is prohibited Forced sterilization US.svg
Forced sterilization laws in the United States
  Forced sterilization is allowed
  Status of forced sterilization is unclear
  Forced sterilization is prohibited

This article provides an overview of human sterilization by country. While many countries permit voluntary sterilization for contraceptive purposes, some permit it only for medical or eugenic purposes. Additional restrictions may include minimum age, parental or spousal consent. [1]

CountryVoluntary for contraceptive purposes Compulsory Notes
Flag of Andorra.svg AndorraYes [1] Since 1996
Flag of Argentina.svg ArgentinaYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Australia (converted).svg AustraliaYes [1] Since 1977
Flag of Austria.svg AustriaYes [1] Illegal [3] 25+ years for contraceptive purposes. Since 1974
Flag of the Bahamas.svg BahamasYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Bangladesh.svg BangladeshYes [1] For refugees
Flag of Belarus.svg BelarusYes [1]

35+years or at least two children
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg BelgiumIllegal [3]
Flag of Belize.svg BelizeYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Botswana.svg BotswanaYes [1]
Flag of Brazil.svg BrazilYes [1] Illegal in most cases, although both the US and Brazilian governments have carried out sterilisation of Brazilians in the 20th and 21st centuries under various rationales21+ years or <21 with two children for contraceptive purposes. Since 2022
Flag of Bulgaria.svg BulgariaLegal [3]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaYes [1] LegalSince 1979. Sterilisations particularly of indigenous individuals performed in the 20th and 21st centuries. Ban proposed in 2024. [4]
Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape VerdeYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Chile.svg ChileYes [1] Since 2001
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg ChinaYes [1] De jure illegal
Flag of Colombia.svg ColombiaYes [1] Since 1984
Flag of the Comoros.svg ComorosYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa RicaYes [1] Since 1999
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Côte d'IvoireYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Croatia.svg CroatiaYes [1] Legal [3] 35+ for contraceptive purposes. Since 1978
Flag of Cuba.svg CubaYes [1] 32+ years with several children for contraceptive purposes. Since 1968
Flag of Cyprus.svg CyprusLegal [3]
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech RepublicYes [1] Legal [3] 21+ years for contraceptive reasons. Since 2012
Flag of Denmark.svg DenmarkYes [1] Legal [3] 25+ years for contraceptive reasons. Since 1976
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican RepublicYes [1] 40+ years with one child, 35+ with three children, 30+ with five children or 25+ with six children for contraceptive purposes. Since 1972
Flag of Ecuador.svg EcuadorYes [1] 25+ years with three children for contraceptive purposes. Since 1992
Flag of El Salvador.svg El SalvadorYes [1] Since 1979
Flag of Estonia.svg EstoniaYes [5] Legal [3] 35+years or at least 3 children. Since 1998
Flag of Fiji.svg FijiYes [1]
Flag of Finland.svg FinlandYes [1] Legal [3] 30+ years or <30 years and three children for contraceptive purposes. Since 1985
Flag of France.svg FranceYes [1] Illegal [3] Since 2001
Flag of Georgia.svg GeorgiaYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Germany.svg GermanyYes [1] Illegal [3]
Flag of Ghana.svg GhanaYes [1]
Flag of Greece.svg Greece
Flag of Guatemala.svg GuatemalaNo [1]
Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg HondurasYes [1] 35+ years with one child or 24–43 with three children for contraceptive purposes.
Flag of Hungary.svg HungaryYes [6] Legal [3] 40+ years or three children
Flag of Iceland.svg IcelandYes [1] Only for medical reasons25+ years for contraceptive purposes. Forced sterilizations banned since 2019 except for medical reasons. [7]
Flag of India.svg IndiaYes [1] 20+ (women) or 25+ (men) years for contraceptive purposes, less if couple has two children. Spousal consent and has to have had one child that is a year old
Flag of Indonesia.svg IndonesiaYes [1]
Flag of Iran.svg IranNoIn 2021 sterilization was prohibited except for medical purposes. [8]
Flag of Ireland.svg IrelandIllegal [3]
Flag of Israel.svg IsraelYes [1]
Flag of Italy.svg ItalyYes [1] Illegal [3]
Flag of Japan.svg JapanNo [1] Illegal (since 1996)In practice, contraceptive sterilizations are performed routinely, with health reasons given as the justification. [1] Forced sterilization carried out between 1948 and 1996. [9]
Flag of Kenya.svg KenyaYes [1]
Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg KyrgyzstanYes [10]
Flag of Latvia.svg LatviaLegal [3]
Flag of Lesotho.svg LesothoYes [1]
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg LiechtensteinYes [1] 25+ years for contraceptive purposes.
Flag of Lithuania.svg LithuaniaNo [11] Legal [3]
Flag of Luxembourg.svg LuxembourgYes [1]
Flag of Mali.svg MaliYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Malaysia.svg MalaysiaNoAccording to 1981 fatwa sterilization is forbidden for men and women. Temporary contraceptive methods may be permitted for health and economic reasons. [12]
Flag of Malta.svg MaltaIllegal [3]
Flag of Mexico.svg MexicoYes [1]
Flag of Moldova.svg MoldovaYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco
Flag of Mongolia.svg MongoliaYes [1] Woman must have many[ quantify ] children
Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro
Flag of Morocco.svg MoroccoYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Myanmar.svg MyanmarNo [1] Since 1963
Flag of Namibia.svg NamibiaYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Nepal.svg NepalYes [1]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg NetherlandsYes [1] Illegal [3]
Flag of New Zealand.svg New ZealandYes [1]
Flag of Nicaragua.svg NicaraguaYes [1]
Flag of Niger.svg NigerYes [1] 35+ years with four children for contraceptive purposes.
Flag of Nigeria.svg NigeriaYes [1]
Flag of North Macedonia.svg North MacedoniaYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Norway.svg NorwayYes [1] 25+ years for contraceptive purposes
Flag of Pakistan.svg PakistanYes [1]
Flag of Panama.svg PanamaYes [1] Five children for contraceptive purposes.
Flag of Paraguay.svg ParaguayYes [1]
Flag of Peru.svg PeruYes [1]
Flag of the Philippines.svg PhilippinesYes [1]
Flag of Poland.svg PolandNoIllegal [3] Reproductive sterilisation of men (vasectomy) is legal in Poland, while other sterilization methods have been defined as a criminal act since 1997 [13] :19 and remains so as of 5 September 2019, under Article 156 §1, which also covers making someone blind, deaf or mute, of the 1997 law. [14] :64 The original 1997 law punished contraventions with a prison sentence of one to ten years [13] and the updated law as of 5 September 2019 sets a prison sentence of at least 3 years. [14] The prison sentence is a maximum of three years if the sterilisation is involuntary, under Art. 156 §2. [13] [14] :64
Flag of Portugal (official).svg PortugalYes [1] Legal [3] 25+ years for contraceptive purposes.
Flag of Romania.svg RomaniaYes [1]
Flag of Russia.svg RussiaYes [1] 35+ years or <35 with two children.
Flag of Singapore.svg SingaporeYes [1]
Flag of Slovenia.svg SloveniaYes [1] Illegal [3] 35+ years for contraceptive purposes
Flag of Rwanda.svg RwandaNo [1]
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi ArabiaNo [1]
Flag of Senegal.svg SenegalYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovak RepublicYes [2] Legal [3] As of 2009
Flag of South Africa.svg South AfricaYes [1]
Flag of South Korea.svg South KoreaYes [1] Since 1973
Flag of Spain.svg SpainYes [1] Illegal [3]
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri LankaYes [1]
Flag of Sudan.svg SudanNo [1] Since 1990
Flag of Sweden.svg SwedenYes [1] Illegal [3] 25+ years for contraceptive purposes; 18–25 for eugenic, health (women only) or sex change reasons.
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg SwitzerlandYes [1] Illegal [15] See Human sterilization in Switzerland
Flag of the Republic of China.svg TaiwanYes [1] Since 1984
Flag of Tanzania.svg TanzaniaYes [1]
Flag of Thailand.svg ThailandYes [1]
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and TobagoYes [1]
Flag of Tunisia.svg TunisiaYes [1] Since 1973. At least four children required.
Flag of Turkey.svg TurkeyYes [1] Since 1983
Flag of Uganda.svg UgandaYes [1] Since 1993
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab EmiratesNoWomen can opt for sterilisation if they have had "any medical illness that could endanger their life in future due to pregnancy". [16]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United KingdomYes [1]
Flag of the United States.svg United StatesYes [1] Varies by state
Flag of Uruguay.svg UruguayYes [2] As of 2009
Flag of Venezuela.svg VenezuelaNo [1] Since 1971
Flag of Vietnam.svg VietnamYes [1] Since 1989
Flag of Zambia.svg ZambiaYes [1] Since 1965
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg ZimbabweYes [1] Since 1985

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 EngenderHealth (2002). "4". Contraceptive sterilization : global issues and trends. John A. Ross. New York, NY: EngenderHealth. ISBN   1-885063-31-8. OCLC   49322541.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Reproductive Health Laws Around the World
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Forced sterilisation of persons with disabilities in the EU
  4. Bill to make forced and coerced sterilization a criminal offence before Senate committee, 29 February 2024
  5. "Raseduse katkestamise ja steriliseerimise seadus". Riigiteataja. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  6. "Year 1997. CLIV. Hungarian law about healthcare".
  7. Despite Bans, Disabled Women Are Still Being Sterilized in Europe
  8. Iran: Population Law Violates Women’s Rights, 10 November 2021
  9. Japan sterilisation law victims included nine-year-olds, 20 June 2023
  10. "Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on the protection of citizens' health in the Kyrgyz Republic".
  11. "2016–2017 Human Rights in Lithuania" (PDF). Lithuania has not legalized voluntary surgical sterilization, as a family planning method
  12. "Reproductive rights: Malaysia" (PDF). p. 94.
  13. 1 2 3 "553 Ustawa z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. – Kodeks karny" [553 Law of 6 June 1997 – Criminal code](PDF). Sejm . 6 June 1997. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  14. 1 2 3 "Ustawa z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. – Kodeks karny – Opracowano na podstawie t.j. Dz. U. z 2018 r. poz. 1600, 2077, z 2019 r. poz. 730, 858, 870, 1135, 1579" [Law of 6 June 1997 – Criminal code – Updated on the basis of Dz. U. 2018 parts 1600, 2077, and Dz. U. 2019 parts 730, 858, 870, 1135, 1579](PDF). Sejm . 5 September 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  15. "Loi fédérale sur les conditions et la procédure régissant la stérilisation de personnes". Federal Chancellery of Switzerland. 17 December 2004. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  16. Muslim, Nina (2 April 2008). "Women now able to undergo sterilisation at private hospitals". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 17 December 2021.