Worldwide
Percentage of current drinkers among the total population (15+ years) [6]
 | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
This is a list of countries by alcohol consumption measured in equivalent litres of pure alcohol (ethanol) consumed per capita per year.
A standard drink is about 17 milliliters of ethanol, putting one liter at about 59 drinks.
The World Health Organization periodically publishes The Global Status Report on Alcohol:
Percentage of current drinkers among the total population (15+ years) [6]
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
| Country | 1996 [7] | 2016 [8] |
|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | – | 0.2 |
 Albania | 2.59 | 7.5 |
 Algeria | 0.27 | 0.9 |
 Andorra | – | 11.3 |
 Angola | 1.58 | 6.4 |
 Antigua and Barbuda | – | 7.0 |
 Argentina | 9.58 | 9.8 |
 Armenia | 0.84 | 5.5 |
 Australia | 9.55 | 10.6 |
 Austria | 11.90 | 11.6 |
 Azerbaijan | 4.16 | 0.8 |
 Bahamas | – | 4.4 |
 Bahrain | – | 1.9 |
 Bangladesh | – | 0.0 |
 Barbados | 8.37 | 9.6 |
 Bhutan | – | 0.6 |
 Belarus | 8.14 | 11.2 |
 Belgium | 10.94 | 12.1 |
 Belize | 5.85 | 6.7 |
 Benin | 1.39 | 3.0 |
 Bolivia | 3.35 | 4.8 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8.25 | 6.4 |
 Botswana | 2.68 | 8.4 |
 Brazil | 5.57 | 7.8 |
 Brunei | 0.75 | 0.4 |
 Bulgaria | 9.52 | 12.7 |
 Burkina Faso | 0.45 | 8.2 |
 Burundi | 1.17 | 7.5 |
 Cambodia | 0.34 | 6.7 |
 Cameroon | 1.58 | 8.9 |
 Canada | 7.52 | 8.9 |
 Cape Verde | 3.86 | 5.7 |
 Central African Republic | 0.70 | 3.3 |
 Chad | 0.23 | 1.5 |
 Chile | 7.06 | 9.3 |
 China | 5.39 | 7.2 |
 Colombia | 6.41 | 5.8 |
 Comoros | – | 0.9 |
 Congo | 1.56 | 7.8 |
 Cook Islands | – | 10.6 |
 Costa Rica | 5.72 | 4.8 |
 Ivory Coast | 1.43 | 8.4 |
 Croatia | 11.75 | 8.9 |
 Cuba | 3.53 | 6.1 |
 Cyprus | 10.00 | 10.8 |
 Czech Republic | 14.35 | 14.4 |
 Denmark | 12.15 | 10.4 |
 Djibouti | 0.47 | 0.5 |
 Dominica | – | 8.2 |
 Dominican Republic | 5.90 | 6.9 |
 DR Congo | 0.21 | 2.6 |
 Ecuador | 1.66 | 4.4 |
 Egypt | 0.53 | 0.4 |
 Equatorial Guinea | – | 11.3 |
 El Salvador | 2.54 | 3.7 |
 Eritrea | 0.95 | 1.3 |
 Estonia [lower-alpha 1] | 8.07 | 11.6 |
 Eswatini [lower-alpha 2] | 1.18 | 9.9 |
 Ethiopia | 1.02 | 2.8 |
 Fiji | 1.82 | 3.0 |
 Finland | 8.26 | 10.7 |
 France | 13.74 | 12.6 |
 Gabon | 6.76 | 11.5 |
 Gambia | 0.16 | 3.8 |
 Georgia | 4.50 | 9.8 |
 Germany | 11.67 | 13.4 |
 Ghana | 0.41 | 2.7 |
 Greece | 10.41 | 10.4 |
 Grenada | – | 9.3 |
 Guatemala | 1.99 | 2.4 |
 Guinea | 0.17 | 1.3 |
 Guinea-Bissau | 1.59 | 4.8 |
 Guyana | 14.03 | 6.3 |
 Haiti | 6.55 | 5.8 |
 Honduras | 2.41 | 4.0 |
 Hungary | 12.85 | 11.4 |
 Iceland | 4.88 | 9.1 |
 India | 0.99 | 5.7 |
 Indonesia | 0.13 | 0.8 |
 Iran | – | 1.0 |
 Iraq | 0.61 | 0.4 |
 Ireland | 11.90 | 13.0 |
 Israel | 1.75 | 3.8 |
 Italy | 9.62 | 7.5 |
 Jamaica | 3.90 | 4.2 |
 Japan | 7.85 | 8.0 |
 Jordan | – | 0.7 |
 Kazakhstan | 7.71 | 7.7 |
 Kenya | 1.66 | 3.4 |
 Kiribati | – | 0.4 |
 Kuwait | – | 0.0 |
 Kyrgyzstan | 2.20 | 6.2 |
 Laos | 4.12 | 10.4 |
 Latvia | 8.70 | 12.9 |
 Lebanon | 5.43 | 1.5 |
 Lesotho | 1.12 | 5.0 |
 Liberia | 5.68 | 5.8 |
 Libya | – | 0.0 |
 Lithuania | 6.23 | 15.0 |
 Luxembourg | 14.35 | 13.0 |
 Macedonia | 4.86 | 8.1 |
 Madagascar | 1.25 | 1.9 |
 Malawi | 0.42 | 3.7 |
 Malaysia | 0.87 | 0.9 |
 Maldives | 2.08 | 2.7 |
 Mali | – | 1.3 |
 Malta | 6.91 | 8.1 |
 Mauritania | – | 0.0 |
 Mauritius | 4.33 | 3.6 |
 Mexico | 5.04 | 6.5 |
 Micronesia | – | 2.5 |
 Moldova | 8.62 | 15.2 |
 Mongolia | 1.95 | 7.4 |
 Montenegro | – | 8.0 |
 Morocco | 0.58 | 0.6 |
 Mozambique | 0.45 | 2.4 |
 Myanmar | 0.21 | 4.8 |
 Namibia | – | 9.8 |
 Nauru | – | 6.0 |
 Nepal | – | 2.0 |
 Netherlands | 9.80 | 8.7 |
 Netherlands Antilles | 8.78 | – |
 New Caledonia | 11.26 | – |
 New Zealand | 8.85 | 10.7 |
 Nicaragua | 2.34 | 5.2 |
 Niger | – | 0.5 |
 Nigeria | 0.66 | 13.4 |
 Niue | – | 7.0 |
 North Korea | 2.56 | 3.9 |
 Norway | 4.97 | 7.5 |
 Oman | – | 0.8 |
 Pakistan | – | 0.3 |
 Panama | 5.74 | 7.9 |
 Papua New Guinea | 1.02 | 1.2 |
 Paraguay | 9.71 | 7.2 |
 Peru | 4.00 | 6.3 |
 Philippines | 6.77 | 6.6 |
 Poland | 7.93 | 11.6 |
 Portugal | 13.57 | 12.3 |
 Qatar | – | 2.0 |
 Romania | 10.88 | 12.6 |
 Russia | 8.08 | 11.7 |
 Rwanda | 0.71 | 9.0 |
 Saint Kitts and Nevis | – | 9.4 |
 Saint Lucia | – | 9.9 |
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | – | 8.2 |
 Samoa | – | 2.5 |
 São Tomé and Príncipe | – | 6.8 |
 Saudi Arabia | – | 0.2 |
 Senegal | 0.41 | 0.7 |
 Serbia | – | 11.1 |
 Seychelles | – | 13.8 |
 Sierra Leone | – | 5.7 |
 Singapore | 2.10 | 2.5 |
 Slovakia | 13.00 | 11.5 |
 Slovenia | 15.15 | 12.6 |
 Solomon Islands | 0.56 | 1.4 |
 Somalia | – | 0.0 |
 South Africa | 7.72 | 9.3 |
 South Korea | 14.40 | 10.2 |
 Spain | 11.09 | 10.0 |
 Sri Lanka | 0.21 | 4.3 |
 Sudan | 0.26 | 0.5 |
 Suriname | 4.68 | 5.1 |
 Syria | 0.21 | 0.3 |
 Sweden | 6.04 | 9.2 |
 Switzerland | 11.27 | 11.5 |
 Tajikistan | 1.78 | 3.3 |
 Tanzania | 0.60 | 9.4 |
 Thailand | 8.64 | 8.3 |
 East Timor | – | 2.1 |
 Togo | 1.01 | 3.1 |
 Tonga | – | 1.5 |
 Trinidad and Tobago | 3.69 | 8.4 |
 Tunisia | 0.89 | 1.9 |
 Turkey | 1.35 | 2.0 |
 Turkmenistan | 1.17 | 5.4 |
 Tuvalu | – | 1.7 |
 Uganda | 0.46 | 9.5 |
 Ukraine | 2.31 | 8.6 |
 United Arab Emirates | 3.06 | 3.8 |
 United Kingdom | – | 11.4 |
 United States | 8.90 | 9.8 |
 Uruguay | 8.17 | 10.8 |
 Uzbekistan | 1.55 | 2.7 |
 Vanuatu | 0.96 | 1.0 |
 Venezuela | 9.41 | 5.6 |
 Vietnam | 1.21 | 8.3 |
 Yemen | 0.15 | 0.1 |
 Zambia | 0.63 | 4.8 |
 Zimbabwe | 2.78 | 4.8 |
The table below for 189 countries uses 2016 data from the WHO report published in 2018. The methodology used by the WHO calculated use by persons 15 years of age or older. All data in columns refer to year 2016. The column "recorded" refers to the average recorded consumption for the period 2010. Unrecorded consumption (homebrew, moonshine, smuggled alcohol, surrogate alcohol etc.) was calculated using expert judgements and surveys. Total is the sum of the recorded and unrecorded consumption. The next four columns are a breakdown of the recorded alcohol consumption by type. Beer refers to malt beer, wine refers to grape wine, spirits refers to all distilled beverages such as vodka and similar products, and the column "other" refers to all other alcoholic beverages, such as rice wine, soju, sake, mead, kumis, cider, kvass, and African beers (kumi kumi, kwete, banana beer, millet beer, umqombothi etc.). Worldwide consumption in 2016 was equal to 6.4 litres of pure alcohol consumed per person aged 15 years or older.
| Country | Total | Recorded consumption | Unrecorded consumption | Beer (%) | Wine (%) | Spirits (%) | Other (%) | 2020 projection | 2025 projection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estonia | 16.9 | 15.8 | 1.1 | 32.7 | 7.4 | 50.3 | 9.6 | 11.5 | 11.9 |
| Lithuania | 15 | 13.8 | 1.2 | 43.6 | 7.3 | 37.1 | 12.1 | 14.4 | 13.9 |
| Czech Republic | 14.3 | 12.4 | 1.4 | 53.3 | 21.3 | 25.4 | 0 | 11.2 | 11.4 |
| Seychelles | 13.8 | 12.4 | 1.4 | 68.9 | 22.4 | 6.3 | 2.5 | 10.4 | 10.6 |
| Germany | 13.4 | 11.3 | 1.4 | 52.6 | 28.4 | 18.9 | 0 | 12.8 | 12.6 |
| Nigeria | 13.4 | 9.6 | 3.8 | 7.9 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 91.1 | 13 | 12.5 |
| Ireland | 13 | 11.3 | 1.4 | 47 | 28 | 18.8 | 6.2 | 13.5 | 13.9 |
| Moldova | 13 | 11.5 | 1.4 | 35.4 | 44.6 | 20 | 0 | 12.6 | 12.4 |
| Latvia | 12.9 | 11.1 | 1.9 | 42.8 | 11.1 | 40 | 6.1 | 14 | 15.1 |
| Bulgaria | 12.7 | 11.4 | 1.3 | 38.8 | 17.2 | 42.9 | 1.2 | 13 | 13.4 |
| France | 12.6 | 11.8 | 1.5 | 18.8 | 58.8 | 20.7 | 1.7 | 12.3 | 12.1 |
| Romania | 12.6 | 10.4 | 2.2 | 55.6 | 28.1 | 16.4 | 0 | 13.2 | 13.8 |
| Slovenia | 12.6 | 10.8 | 1.8 | 41.4 | 50.6 | 8 | 0 | 11.6 | 10.6 |
| Portugal | 12.3 | 10.6 | 2.1 | 26.1 | 61.5 | 7.7 | 4.7 | 11.8 | 11.0 |
| Luxembourg | 12.3 | 10.6 | 2.1 | 26.1 | 61.5 | 7.7 | 4.7 | 11.8 | 11 |
| Belgium | 12.1 | 10.4 | 1 | 44.4 | 38.3 | 14.2 | 3.1 | 12.2 | 12.3 |
| Russia | 11.7 | 8.1 | 3.6 | 39.0 | 12.8 | 38.6 | 9.5 | 12.3 | 12.4 |
| Austria | 11.6 | 11.4 | 0.4 | 53.5 | 31.6 | 14.9 | 0 | 11.7 | 11.4 |
| Poland | 11.6 | 10.4 | 1.7 | 56.1 | 7.8 | 36.1 | 0 | 12 | 12.7 |
| Gabon | 11.5 | 9.5 | 1.9 | 76.3 | 9.2 | 13.4 | 1.1 | 10.7 | 10.9 |
| Slovakia | 11.5 | 10.4 | 1.6 | 33.7 | 20.9 | 41.9 | 3.5 | 11.2 | 11.3 |
| Switzerland | 11.5 | 9.5 | 1.2 | 32.1 | 48.1 | 18.5 | 1.2 | 10.9 | 10.3 |
| Hungary | 11.4 | 10.9 | 1.5 | 35.5 | 32.2 | 32.3 | 0 | 11.2 | 10.9 |
| United Kingdom | 11.4 | 9.8 | 1.1 | 35 | 35.7 | 22.5 | 6.7 | 11.5 | 11.8 |
| Andorra | 11.3 | 10.1 | 1.6 | 34.1 | 42 | 23.9 | 0 | 11 | 10.5 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 11.3 | 9.9 | 1.4 | 83 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 11.8 | 12.4 |
| Belarus | 11.2 | 9.6 | 1.5 | 22.8 | 2.2 | 49 | 26 | 12.4 | 13.2 |
| Serbia | 11.1 | 9.2 | 1.8 | 32 | 42.5 | 25.4 | 0.1 | 11.3 | 11.6 |
| Cyprus | 10.8 | 9.6 | 1.8 | 29.7 | 28.4 | 41.9 | 0 | 11 | 11.6 |
| Uruguay | 10.8 | 9 | 1.9 | 35.2 | 43.7 | 21.1 | 0 | 12.1 | 13.3 |
| Finland | 10.7 | 8.4 | 2 | 48.8 | 20.6 | 21.5 | 9.1 | 10.8 | 10.9 |
| New Zealand | 10.7 | 9.1 | 1.3 | 37.4 | 33.4 | 28.9 | 0.3 | 10.6 | 10.4 |
| Australia | 10.6 | 9.6 | 0.8 | 39.9 | 37.5 | 12.9 | 9.8 | 10.5 | 10.3 |
| Cook Islands | 10.6 | 10 | 0.6 | 31.7 | 16.1 | 52.2 | 0 | 16.2 | 18.3 |
| Denmark | 10.4 | 9.5 | 1.2 | 37.4 | 44.7 | 17.1 | 0.8 | 10.3 | 10.3 |
| Greece | 10.4 | 6.4 | 4.3 | 31.5 | 45.5 | 21.8 | 1.3 | 10.7 | 10.8 |
| Laos | 10.4 | 7 | 3.4 | 50.1 | 0 | 49.8 | 0 | 10.5 | 10.9 |
| South Korea | 10.2 | 9.1 | 1.2 | 22.2 | 1.9 | 7.1 | 68.9 | 10.4 | 10.6 |
| Spain | 10 | 8.5 | 1.8 | 54.2 | 18 | 27.8 | 0 | 9.6 | 8.9 |
| Eswatini | 9.9 | 7.4 | 2.7 | 24.6 | 16.1 | 0 | 59.3 | 10 | 10.1 |
| Saint Lucia | 9.9 | 9.7 | 1.5 | 35.4 | 13.2 | 50 | 1.4 | 9.6 | 9.1 |
| Argentina | 9.8 | 8.4 | 1.3 | 39.9 | 40.2 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 10 | 10.3 |
| Georgia | 9.8 | 7.4 | 2.3 | 18.4 | 43 | 38.5 | 0.1 | 10.5 | 11.6 |
| Namibia | 9.8 | 7.8 | 2 | 60.2 | 10.4 | 13.9 | 15.6 | 9.2 | 8.5 |
| United States | 9.8 | 8.8 | 0.8 | 47 | 18.1 | 34.9 | 0 | 10.1 | 10.3 |
| Barbados | 9.6 | 9.2 | 1.4 | 37.6 | 10.5 | 50 | 1.9 | 9.9 | 10.5 |
| Uganda | 9.5 | 7.6 | 1.8 | 11 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 85.8 | 9.8 | 10.3 |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 9.4 | 8.9 | 0.5 | 47.8 | 6.5 | 43.4 | 2.3 | 9.7 | 10.3 |
| Tanzania | 9.4 | 6.2 | 3.2 | 12.2 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 85.8 | 9.6 | 9.9 |
| Chile | 9.3 | 7.9 | 1.4 | 36.1 | 33.1 | 30.8 | 0 | 9.2 | 9.1 |
| Grenada | 9.3 | 8.8 | 1.4 | 40.9 | 7 | 48.3 | 3.8 | 9.4 | 9.6 |
| South Africa | 9.3 | 7.1 | 2.2 | 56 | 18.5 | 17.8 | 7.6 | 9.2 | 9 |
| Sweden | 9.2 | 7.2 | 2 | 36.4 | 47.8 | 14.1 | 1.7 | 9.8 | 10.1 |
| Iceland | 9.1 | 7.7 | 1.5 | 56.5 | 27.9 | 15.5 | 0 | 9.5 | 10.6 |
| Rwanda | 9 | 6.9 | 2.1 | 14.8 | 0.2 | 2.7 | 82.3 | 8.4 | 7.6 |
| Cameroon | 8.9 | 6.5 | 2.4 | 43.5 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 54.9 | 9.5 | 10.2 |
| Canada | 8.9 | 8.1 | 0.9 | 45.1 | 25.6 | 25.6 | 3.7 | 9.1 | 9.2 |
| Croatia | 8.9 | 9.9 | 1.4 | 44.5 | 39 | 13 | 3.5 | 8.8 | 8.2 |
| Netherlands | 8.7 | 7.5 | 0.6 | 47.8 | 35.8 | 16.4 | 0 | 9 | 8.8 |
| Ukraine | 8.6 | 5.4 | 3.1 | 42.3 | 5.4 | 51.5 | 0.8 | 9.5 | 10 |
| Botswana | 8.4 | 6.2 | 2.2 | 48.1 | 23.5 | 4.4 | 24 | 10 | 11.8 |
| Ivory Coast | 8.4 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 21.9 | 5 | 0.2 | 72.9 | 8.4 | 8.5 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 8.4 | 7.3 | 1.1 | 57.9 | 3.3 | 37.1 | 1.7 | 9 | 9.5 |
| Thailand | 8.3 | 6.6 | 1.7 | 28.3 | 2.7 | 68.9 | 0 | 8.7 | 9.3 |
| Vietnam | 8.3 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 91.5 | 0.8 | 7.7 | 0 | 9.9 | 11.4 |
| Burkina Faso | 8.2 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 18 | 2.7 | 5 | 74.2 | 8.2 | 8.3 |
| Dominica | 8.2 | 7.3 | 1.8 | 11.1 | 0 | 88.9 | 0 | 7.5 | 6.9 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 8.2 | 7.4 | 1.4 | 36.6 | 3.6 | 57.2 | 2.6 | 8.4 | 8.7 |
| Malta | 8.1 | 7.8 | 1.2 | 36.4 | 29.9 | 28.7 | 4.9 | 8.3 | 8.5 |
| North Macedonia | 8.1 | 4.9 | 3.6 | 35.3 | 46.6 | 17.4 | 0.7 | 7.5 | 6.6 |
| Japan | 8 | 6.9 | 1.1 | 18.2 | 5.5 | 40 | 36.3 | 8 | 7.9 |
| Montenegro | 8 | 6.4 | 1.7 | 10.8 | 43.1 | 44.1 | 2 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
| Panama | 7.9 | 6.8 | 1.2 | 76.9 | 3.5 | 19.4 | 0.3 | 8 | 8.4 |
| Brazil | 7.8 | 6.5 | 1.2 | 61.8 | 3.4 | 34.3 | 0.5 | 7.8 | 8.3 |
| Congo | 7.8 | 4.9 | 3 | 84.4 | 4.7 | 10.3 | 0.6 | 7.8 | 8.2 |
| Kazakhstan | 7.7 | 5.8 | 1.9 | 30.5 | 6.5 | 62.9 | 0 | 8.1 | 8.8 |
| Albania | 7.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 34.3 | 26.5 | 37.6 | 1.7 | 8.3 | 9.2 |
| Burundi | 7.5 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 39.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 60.5 | 7 | 6.6 |
| Italy | 7.5 | 7.1 | 0.5 | 25.4 | 64.8 | 9.8 | 0 | 7 | 6.1 |
| Norway | 7.5 | 6 | 1.1 | 43.9 | 36.7 | 16.7 | 2.7 | 7.8 | 8.2 |
| Mongolia | 7.4 | 5.7 | 1.7 | 43.6 | 1.9 | 54.5 | 0 | 6.2 | 9.1 |
| China | 7.2 | 5.7 | 1.5 | 29.6 | 3.1 | 67.2 | 0 | 7.5 | 8.1 |
| Paraguay | 7.2 | 5.7 | 1.7 | 54.2 | 17.4 | 27.3 | 1.1 | 8.3 | 9.7 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 7 | 8.4 | 1.2 | 33 | 18.3 | 45.4 | 3.2 | 7.6 | 8.4 |
| Niue | 7 | 6 | 1 | 56.3 | 13.1 | 30.6 | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| Dominican Republic | 6.9 | 5.7 | 1.3 | 52.2 | 4.4 | 41.9 | 1.5 | 7.3 | 8 |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 6.8 | 4.9 | 2 | 19.8 | 80.2 | 0 | 0 | 7.1 | 7.4 |
| Belize | 6.7 | 6.2 | 1.4 | 69.1 | 1.9 | 26.7 | 2.3 | 7 | 7.2 |
| Cambodia | 6.7 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 88.1 | 0.6 | 11.2 | 0.1 | 7.2 | 8.1 |
| Philippines | 6.6 | 4.5 | 2.1 | 27.3 | 0.4 | 72 | 0.3 | 6.8 | 7 |
| Mexico | 6.5 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 77.1 | 2.1 | 20.4 | 0.5 | 7 | 7.7 |
| Angola | 6.4 | 5 | 1.4 | 70.3 | 17.6 | 11.3 | 0.8 | 6.1 | 6.6 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 6.4 | 4.4 | 1.8 | 75.8 | 8.6 | 12.4 | 3.2 | 7 | 7.8 |
| Guyana | 6.3 | 5.1 | 1.2 | 48.4 | 0.2 | 50.8 | 0.6 | 6.3 | 6.1 |
| Peru | 6.3 | 5.1 | 1.2 | 60.1 | 8.1 | 31.8 | 0 | 6.3 | 6.4 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 6.2 | 4.1 | 2.1 | 11.6 | 2.2 | 86.2 | 0 | 6.5 | 7.4 |
| Cuba | 6.1 | 4.7 | 1.5 | 37.3 | 4.9 | 57.4 | 0.4 | 6.1 | 6.4 |
| Nauru | 6 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 22 | 3.7 | 74.3 | 0 | 0 | 6.3 |
| Colombia | 5.8 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 71.3 | 1.1 | 27.2 | 0.3 | 5.6 | 5.3 |
| Haiti | 5.8 | 5.8 | 0 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 97.3 | 0.1 | 5.9 | 6 |
| Liberia | 5.8 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 9.4 | 1.8 | 88.2 | 0.6 | 5.4 | 4.9 |
| Cape Verde | 5.7 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 55 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6.2 |
| India | 5.7 | 3 | 2.6 | 7.5 | 0.1 | 92.4 | 0 | 6.6 | 7.9 |
| Sierra Leone | 5.7 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 4 | 1.1 | 0 | 94.9 | 5.2 | 4.7 |
| Venezuela | 5.6 | 4.6 | 1.1 | 69.2 | 0.3 | 29.2 | 1.3 | 4.5 | 3.9 |
| Armenia | 5.5 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 10.6 | 7 | 82.3 | 0.1 | 5.7 | 6.1 |
| Turkmenistan | 5.4 | 3.4 | 2 | 26.8 | 35.1 | 38 | 0 | 6 | 6.8 |
| Nicaragua | 5.2 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 39.7 | 0.8 | 59.5 | 0.1 | 5.4 | 5.8 |
| Suriname | 5.1 | 4.3 | 0.9 | 44.9 | 3.5 | 48.8 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
| Lesotho | 5 | 3 | 2 | 57.4 | 3.2 | 10.5 | 28.9 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| Bolivia | 4.8 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 72.8 | 4.3 | 21.3 | 1.6 | 4.9 | 5.2 |
| Costa Rica | 4.8 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 64.1 | 7.2 | 27.9 | 0.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 4.8 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 13.7 | 31.3 | 13.7 | 41.2 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
| Myanmar | 4.8 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 22.4 | 9.8 | 67.7 | 0 | 5.9 | 6.4 |
| Zambia | 4.8 | 2.9 | 2 | 36.4 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 60.4 | 4.8 | 4.7 |
| Zimbabwe | 4.8 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 62.8 | 1.3 | 12 | 23.9 | 4.5 | 4.2 |
| Bahamas | 4.4 | 8.6 | 1.2 | 39.2 | 16.6 | 41.2 | 3 | 4.4 | 4.3 |
| Ecuador | 4.4 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 79.9 | 1.5 | 17.8 | 0.7 | 4.5 | 5.1 |
| Sri Lanka | 4.3 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 13.2 | 0.3 | 84.9 | 1.5 | 4.6 | 5.1 |
| Jamaica | 4.2 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 36.3 | 4.8 | 54.2 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4 |
| Honduras | 4 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 46.6 | 1.2 | 52.1 | 0.1 | 4.1 | 4.3 |
| North Korea | 3.9 | 3.4 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 0 | 97.3 | 0 | 3.6 | 3.3 |
| Gambia | 3.8 | 3 | 0.9 | 8.5 | 2.1 | 0 | 89.4 | 3.9 | 4.1 |
| Israel | 3.8 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 54.4 | 4.7 | 39.5 | 1.4 | 4 | 4.3 |
| United Arab Emirates | 3.8 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 10.1 | 7.7 | 81.9 | 0.3 | 4.2 | 5.5 |
| El Salvador | 3.7 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 47.8 | 1.3 | 50.7 | 0.1 | 4.1 | 4.9 |
| Malawi | 3.7 | 2 | 1.7 | 8.8 | 0.8 | 11.3 | 79.1 | 3.9 | 4.3 |
| Mauritius | 3.6 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 53.9 | 15.4 | 30.8 | 0 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
| Kenya | 3.4 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 39.8 | 1.8 | 21.4 | 37 | 2.7 | 3.1 |
| Central African Republic | 3.3 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 25.9 | 0.7 | 0 | 73.5 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
| Tajikistan | 3.3 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 37.9 | 0.7 | 60.9 | 0.4 | 4 | 4.9 |
| Togo | 3.1 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 37 | 16 | 18.2 | 28.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
| Benin | 3 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 63.7 | 9.6 | 13.1 | 13.6 | 3.7 | 4.6 |
| Fiji | 3 | 2.2 | 1 | 69.8 | 1.2 | 28.9 | 0 | 3 | 3.1 |
| Ethiopia | 2.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 54.6 | 0.3 | 8.3 | 36.9 | 3.5 | 3.7 |
| Ghana | 2.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 28.3 | 6.6 | 8 | 57.1 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| Maldives | 2.7 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 30.8 | 37.2 | 31.9 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Uzbekistan | 2.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 34.4 | 8.6 | 56.9 | 0 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| DR Congo | 2.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 38.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 59.9 | 3.2 | 3.4 |
| Micronesia | 2.5 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 58.1 | 8.5 | 32.8 | 0.6 | 8.3 | 2.9 |
| Samoa | 2.5 | 2 | 0.7 | 94.1 | 5.9 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | 3.3 |
| Guatemala | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 56.1 | 2.1 | 41.7 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| Mozambique | 2.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 78.7 | 8.3 | 12.4 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| East Timor | 2.1 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 67.6 | 32.4 | 0 | 0 | 3.8 | 5.5 |
| Nepal | 2 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 31 | 49 | 20 | 0 | 2.3 | 2.6 |
| Qatar | 2 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 25.9 | 10.2 | 63.4 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 2.2 |
| Singapore | 2 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 70 | 14.6 | 13.4 | 2.1 | 2 | 2 |
| Turkey | 2 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 57.6 | 8.6 | 33.8 | 0 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| Bahrain | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 19 | 6.2 | 45.2 | 29.6 | 1.9 | 1.8 |
| Madagascar | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 53.8 | 8.2 | 38 | 0 | 1.8 | 1.6 |
| Tunisia | 1.9 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 72.2 | 23.9 | 3.8 | 0.1 | 2 | 2.1 |
| Tuvalu | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 84.7 | 14.1 | 0 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| Chad | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 70.2 | 1 | 5.3 | 23.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
| Lebanon | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 33.9 | 15.4 | 49.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.2 |
| Tonga | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 60.7 | 11.5 | 27.9 | 0 | 1.6 | 1.7 |
| Solomon Islands | 1.4 | 1 | 0.4 | 93.3 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
| Eritrea | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 62.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 37.7 | 1.9 | 2.8 |
| Guinea | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 91.1 | 8.9 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 1 |
| Mali | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 15.8 | 1.2 | 0 | 83 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Papua New Guinea | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 95.2 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 0 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| Iran | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Vanuatu | 1 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 38.5 | 25.4 | 36.1 | 0 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
| Algeria | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 57.3 | 24.4 | 18.3 | 0 | 1 | 1.1 |
| Comoros | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 24.6 | 30.6 | 44.8 | 0 | 1 | 1.1 |
| Malaysia | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 60.7 | 21 | 17.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Azerbaijan | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 61.5 | 36.9 | 0 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
| Indonesia | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 18.5 | 76.4 | 4.6 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.6 |
| Oman | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 39.8 | 2.8 | 57 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Jordan | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 19.9 | 2.6 | 75.9 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1 |
| Senegal | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 56.4 | 34.1 | 8.5 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
| Bhutan | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 46.2 | 4.2 | 49.6 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Morocco | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 42.9 | 39.8 | 17 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Djibouti | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 27.5 | 16.7 | 55 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Niger | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 45 | 13.7 | 41.4 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Sudan | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Brunei | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Egypt | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 62 | 4.4 | 33.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Iraq | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 71 | 2.4 | 25.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Kiribati | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Pakistan | 0.3 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | ||||
| Syria | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 11.6 | 1.1 | 87.2 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Afghanistan | 0.2 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||
| Yemen | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 89.5 | 0 | 10.5 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Bangladesh | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Kuwait | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Libya | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Mauritania | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Somalia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption. In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include plain drinking water, milk, juice, smoothies and soft drinks. Traditionally warm beverages include coffee, tea, and hot chocolate. Caffeinated drinks that contain the stimulant caffeine have a long history.
Alcohol intoxication, also known in overdose as alcohol poisoning, commonly described as drunkenness or inebriation, is the behavior and physical effects caused by a recent consumption of alcohol. In addition to the toxicity of ethanol, the main psychoactive component of alcoholic beverages, other physiological symptoms may arise from the activity of acetaldehyde, a metabolite of alcohol. These effects may not arise until hours after ingestion and may contribute to the condition colloquially known as a hangover.
Drinking culture is the set of traditions and social behaviors that surround the consumption of alcoholic beverages as a recreational drug and social lubricant. Although alcoholic beverages and social attitudes toward drinking vary around the world, nearly every civilization has independently discovered the processes of brewing beer, fermenting wine and distilling spirits.
A standard drink or unit of alcohol is a measure of alcohol consumption representing a fixed amount of pure alcohol. The notion is used in relation to recommendations about alcohol consumption and its relative risks to health. It helps to educate alcohol users. A hypothetical alcoholic beverage sized to one standard drink varies in volume depending on the alcohol concentration of the beverage, but it always contains the same amount of alcohol and therefore produces the same amount of drunkenness. Many government health guidelines specify low to high risk amounts in units of grams of pure alcohol per day, week, or single occasion. These government guidelines often illustrate these amounts as standard drinks of various beverages, with their serving sizes indicated. Although used for the same purpose, the definition of a standard drink varies from country to country.
Liquor is an alcoholic drink produced by the distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation. Other terms for liquor include: spirit, distilled beverage, spirituous liquor or hard liquor. The distillation process concentrates the liquid to increase its alcohol by volume. As liquors contain significantly more alcohol (ethanol) than other alcoholic drinks, they are considered "harder." In North America, the term hard liquor is sometimes used to distinguish distilled alcoholic drinks from non-distilled ones, whereas the term spirits is more commonly used in the UK. Some examples of liquors include vodka, rum, gin, and tequila. Liquors are often aged in barrels, such as for the production of brandy and whiskey, or are infused with flavorings to form flavored liquors, such as absinthe.
Purposeful production of alcoholic drinks is common and often reflects cultural and religious peculiarities as much as geographical and sociological conditions.
Alcohol causes cancers of the oesophagus, liver, breast, colon, oral cavity, rectum, pharynx, and larynx, and probably causes cancers of the pancreas. Consumption of alcohol in any quantity can cause cancer. The more alcohol is consumed, the higher the cancer risk, and no amount can be considered safe. Alcoholic beverages were classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 1988. An estimated 3.6% of all cancer cases and 3.5% of cancer deaths worldwide are attributable to consumption of alcohol. 740,000 cases of cancer in 2020 or 4.1% of new cancer cases were attributed to alcohol.
The health effects of wine are mainly determined by its active ingredient – alcohol. Preliminary studies found that drinking small quantities of wine, particularly of red wine, may be associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline, stroke, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and early death. Other studies found no such effects.
Alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom, usually connected to other carbon or hydrogen atoms. An important class are the simple acyclic alcohols, the general formula for which is CnH2n+1OH. Of those, ethanol (C2H5OH) is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, and in common speech the word alcohol refers specifically to ethanol. Articles related to alcohol include:
An alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol and is produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar. The consumption of alcoholic drinks, often referred to as "drinking", plays an important social role in many cultures. Alcoholic drinks are typically divided into three classes—beers, wines, and spirits—and typically their alcohol content is between 3% and 50%.
Alcohol consumption in Russia remains among the highest in the world. According to a 2011 report by the World Health Organization, annual per capita consumption of alcohol in Russia was about 15.76 litres of pure alcohol, the fourth-highest volume in Europe. It dropped to 11.7 litres in 2016, dropping further to about 10.5 litres in 2019. Another general trait of Russian alcohol consumption pattern was the high volume of spirits compared with other alcoholic drinks.
Alcohol is commonly consumed and available at pubs and liquor stores in Australia – all of which are private enterprises. Spirits can be purchased at liquor stores and pubs, whereas most grocery stores do not sell them, although they may have separate liquor stores on their premises. Alcohol consumption is higher, according to WHO studies, than in most European countries and several Central Asian and African countries, although consumption is just as high in Australia as in North America. After tobacco, alcohol is the second leading preventable cause of death and hospitalisation in Australia.
Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is a depressant drug that is the active ingredient in fermented drinks such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits. It is one of the oldest and most commonly consumed recreational drugs, causing the characteristic effects of alcohol intoxication ("drunkenness"). Among other effects, alcohol produces happiness and euphoria, decreased anxiety, increased sociability, sedation, impairment of cognitive, memory, motor, and sensory function, and generalized depression of central nervous system (CNS) function.
The production and consumption of alcoholic beverages, especially wine, in Afghanistan has a long tradition – going back at least to the fourth century BC. Currently, the possession and consumption of alcohol is prohibited for Afghan nationals. However, the Afghan government provided a license for various many outlets to distribute alcoholic beverages to foreign journalists and tourists, and black market alcohol consumption is prevalent as well. Bringing two bottles or two litres of alcoholic beverages was allowed for foreigners entering Afghanistan prior to the Taliban takeover in August 2021.
Beer in Egypt has long held a significant role, and its presence in the country is thought to date back to the Predynastic period. In ancient Egypt wine was preferred by the upper class, whereas beer was a staple for working class Egyptians and a central part of their diet. Despite religious restrictions and conflicting views on alcohol after the Muslim conquest of Egypt, the consumption of beer did not cease, and it still remains the most popular alcoholic beverage in the country by far, accounting for 54 percent of all alcohol consumption.
The commercial brewing of beer in Fiji only commenced in 1958 and the market is dominated by a single producer, Paradise Beverages (Fiji) Limited.
Switzerland has a long tradition of brewing, with significant domestic beer production and a growing craft brewing sector.
Alcohol in the United Kingdom is legal to buy, sell and consume. Consumption rates within the country are high among the average of OECD nations however average among European countries but consistently ranks highest on binge drinking culture. An estimated 29 million people in the United Kingdom drank alcohol in 2017.