Worldwide
Percentage of current drinkers among the total population (15+ years) [7]
 | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
This is a list of countries by alcohol consumption measured in equivalent litres of pure alcohol (ethanol) consumed per capita per year.
A standard drink is about 17 milliliters of ethanol, putting one liter at about 59 drinks.
The World Health Organization periodically publishes The Global Status Report on Alcohol:
Percentage of current drinkers among the total population (15+ years) [7]
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Worldwide consumption in 2019 was equal to 5.5 litres of pure alcohol consumed per person aged 15 years or older. [6] This is a decrease from the 5.7 litres in 2010. Distilled alcoholic beverages are the most consumed, followed by beer and wines. The regions with the highest consumption are the WHO European Region (9.2 litres) and the Region of the Americas (7.5 litres).
| Country | 1996 [8] | 2016 [9] | 2019 [6] [a] |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | – | 0.2 | 0.2 |
 Albania | 2.59 | 7.5 | 5.1 |
 Algeria | 0.27 | 0.9 | 0.6 |
 Andorra | – | 11.3 | 11.1 |
 Angola | 1.58 | 6.4 | 6.2 |
 Antigua and Barbuda | – | 7.0 | 8.5 |
 Argentina | 9.58 | 9.8 | 8.0 |
 Armenia | 0.84 | 5.5 | 5.0 |
 Australia | 9.55 | 10.6 | 10.1 |
 Austria | 11.90 | 11.6 | 12.0 |
 Azerbaijan | 4.16 | 0.8 | 2.0 |
 Bahamas | – | 4.4 | 4.4 |
 Bahrain | – | 1.9 | 1.6 |
 Bangladesh | – | 0.0 | 0.1 |
 Barbados | 8.37 | 9.6 | 9.5 |
 Bhutan | – | 0.6 | 0.2 |
 Belarus | 8.14 | 11.2 | 10.9 |
 Belgium | 10.94 | 12.1 | 10.3 |
 Belize | 5.85 | 6.7 | 5.7 |
 Benin | 1.39 | 3.0 | 8.3 |
 Bolivia | 3.35 | 4.8 | 4.1 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8.25 | 6.4 | 6.4 |
 Botswana | 2.68 | 8.4 | 8.2 |
 Brazil | 5.57 | 7.8 | 7.7 |
 Brunei | 0.75 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
 Bulgaria | 9.52 | 12.7 | 11.9 |
 Burkina Faso | 0.45 | 8.2 | 9.8 |
 Burundi | 1.17 | 7.5 | 4.1 |
 Cambodia | 0.34 | 6.7 | 8.5 |
 Cameroon | 1.58 | 8.9 | 10.1 |
 Canada | 7.52 | 8.9 | 9.9 |
 Cape Verde | 3.86 | 5.7 | 6.3 |
 Central African Republic | 0.70 | 3.3 | 2.0 |
 Chad | 0.23 | 1.5 | 3.7 |
 Chile | 7.06 | 9.3 | 6.7 |
 China | 5.39 | 7.2 | 5.7 |
 Colombia | 6.41 | 5.8 | 4.9 |
 Comoros | – | 0.9 | 0.3 |
 Congo | 1.56 | 7.8 | 6.4 |
 Cook Islands | – | 10.6 | 10.6 |
 Costa Rica | 5.72 | 4.8 | 3.5 |
 Ivory Coast | 1.43 | 8.4 | 2.8 |
 Croatia | 11.75 | 8.9 | 8.5 |
 Cuba | 3.53 | 6.1 | 6.0 |
 Cyprus | 10.00 | 10.8 | 8.1 |
 Czech Republic | 14.35 | 14.4 | 13.3 |
 Denmark | 12.15 | 10.4 | 9.4 |
 Djibouti | 0.47 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
 Dominica | – | 8.2 | 6.1 |
 Dominican Republic | 5.90 | 6.9 | 6.8 |
 DR Congo | 0.21 | 2.6 | 2.1 |
 Ecuador | 1.66 | 4.4 | 3.3 |
 Egypt | 0.53 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
 Equatorial Guinea | – | 11.3 | 6.9 |
 El Salvador | 2.54 | 3.7 | 3.3 |
 Eritrea | 0.95 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
 Estonia [b] | 8.07 | 11.6 | 11.3 |
 Eswatini [c] | 1.18 | 9.9 | 8.1 |
 Ethiopia | 1.02 | 2.8 | 3.4 |
 Fiji | 1.82 | 3.0 | 3.4 |
 Finland | 8.26 | 10.7 | 9.2 |
 France | 13.74 | 12.6 | 11.3 |
 Gabon | 6.76 | 11.5 | 7.3 |
 Gambia | 0.16 | 3.8 | 1.1 |
 Georgia | 4.50 | 9.8 | 14.3 |
 Germany | 11.67 | 13.4 | 12.2 |
 Ghana | 0.41 | 2.7 | 4.5 |
 Greece | 10.41 | 10.4 | 7.1 |
 Grenada | – | 9.3 | 8.1 |
 Guatemala | 1.99 | 2.4 | 1.6 |
 Guinea | 0.17 | 1.3 | 0.5 |
 Guinea-Bissau | 1.59 | 4.8 | 4.1 |
 Guyana | 14.03 | 6.3 | 5.3 |
 Haiti | 6.55 | 5.8 | 3.5 |
 Honduras | 2.41 | 4.0 | 3.2 |
 Hungary | 12.85 | 11.4 | 10.6 |
 Iceland | 4.88 | 9.1 | 8.1 |
 India | 0.99 | 5.7 | 4.9 |
 Indonesia | 0.13 | 0.8 | 0.1 |
 Iran | – | 1.0 | 0.7 |
 Iraq | 0.61 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
 Ireland | 11.90 | 13.0 | 11.7 |
 Israel | 1.75 | 3.8 | 3.0 |
 Italy | 9.62 | 7.5 | 8.0 |
 Jamaica | 3.90 | 4.2 | 3.6 |
 Japan | 7.85 | 8.0 | 6.7 |
 Jordan | – | 0.7 | 0.3 |
 Kazakhstan | 7.71 | 7.7 | 4.5 |
 Kenya | 1.66 | 3.4 | 2.9 |
 Kiribati | – | 0.4 | 0.8 |
 Kuwait | – | 0.0 | 0.1 |
 Kyrgyzstan | 2.20 | 6.2 | 5.0 |
 Laos | 4.12 | 10.4 | 11.5 |
 Latvia | 8.70 | 12.9 | 13.1 |
 Lebanon | 5.43 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
 Lesotho | 1.12 | 5.0 | 4.5 |
 Liberia | 5.68 | 5.8 | 3.6 |
 Libya | – | 0.0 | 0.1 |
 Lithuania | 6.23 | 15.0 | 11.8 |
 Luxembourg | 14.35 | 13.0 | 11.5 |
 Macedonia | 4.86 | 8.1 | 4.6 |
 Madagascar | 1.25 | 1.9 | 1.0 |
 Malawi | 0.42 | 3.7 | 3.2 |
 Malaysia | 0.87 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
 Maldives | 2.08 | 2.7 | 1.4 |
 Mali | – | 1.3 | 4.3 |
 Malta | 6.91 | 8.1 | 8.5 |
 Mauritania | – | 0.0 | 0.1 |
 Mauritius | 4.33 | 3.6 | 7.5 |
 Mexico | 5.04 | 6.5 | 5.7 |
 Micronesia | – | 2.5 | 2.1 |
 Moldova | 8.62 | 15.2 | 11.4 |
 Mongolia | 1.95 | 7.4 | 7.9 |
 Montenegro | – | 8.0 | 10.3 |
 Morocco | 0.58 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
 Mozambique | 0.45 | 2.4 | 2.0 |
 Myanmar | 0.21 | 4.8 | 2.1 |
 Namibia | – | 9.8 | 5.9 |
 Nauru | – | 6.0 | 2.9 |
 Nepal | – | 2.0 | 1.4 |
 Netherlands | 9.80 | 8.7 | 9.3 |
 Netherlands Antilles | 8.78 | – | – |
 New Caledonia | 11.26 | – | – |
 New Zealand | 8.85 | 10.7 | 9.9 |
 Nicaragua | 2.34 | 5.2 | 4.2 |
 Niger | – | 0.5 | 0.1 |
 Nigeria | 0.66 | 13.4 | 4.2 |
 Niue | – | 7.0 | 9.3 |
 North Korea | 2.56 | 3.9 | 4.3 |
 Norway | 4.97 | 7.5 | 6.8 |
 Oman | – | 0.8 | 0.9 |
 Pakistan | – | 0.3 | 0.1 |
 Panama | 5.74 | 7.9 | 6.6 |
 Papua New Guinea | 1.02 | 1.2 | 1.7 |
 Paraguay | 9.71 | 7.2 | 5.6 |
 Peru | 4.00 | 6.3 | 7.5 |
 Philippines | 6.77 | 6.6 | 6.2 |
 Poland | 7.93 | 11.6 | 11.6 |
 Portugal | 13.57 | 12.3 | 10.4 |
 Qatar | – | 2.0 | 1.1 |
 Romania | 10.88 | 12.6 | 17.0 |
 Russia | 8.08 | 11.7 | 10.4 |
 Rwanda | 0.71 | 9.0 | 1.9 |
 Saint Kitts and Nevis | – | 9.4 | 6.3 |
 Saint Lucia | – | 9.9 | 9.5 |
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | – | 8.2 | 7.2 |
 Samoa | – | 2.5 | 2.4 |
 São Tomé and Príncipe | – | 6.8 | 5.0 |
 Saudi Arabia | – | 0.2 | 0.1 |
 Senegal | 0.41 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
 Serbia | – | 11.1 | 7.9 |
 Seychelles | – | 13.8 | 12.0 |
 Sierra Leone | – | 5.7 | 0.3 |
 Singapore | 2.10 | 2.5 | 1.9 |
 Slovakia | 13.00 | 11.5 | 10.5 |
 Slovenia | 15.15 | 12.6 | 11.0 |
 Solomon Islands | 0.56 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
 Somalia | – | 0.0 | 0.1 |
 South Africa | 7.72 | 9.3 | 8.8 |
 South Korea | 14.40 | 10.2 | 8.2 |
 Spain | 11.09 | 10.0 | 10.9 |
 Sri Lanka | 0.21 | 4.3 | 2.8 |
 Sudan | 0.26 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
 Suriname | 4.68 | 5.1 | 6.6 |
 Syria | 0.21 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
 Sweden | 6.04 | 9.2 | 9.3 |
 Switzerland | 11.27 | 11.5 | 10.4 |
 Tajikistan | 1.78 | 3.3 | 0.9 |
 Tanzania | 0.60 | 9.4 | 10.4 |
 Thailand | 8.64 | 8.3 | 7.8 |
 East Timor | – | 2.1 | 0.4 |
 Togo | 1.01 | 3.1 | 1.4 |
 Tonga | – | 1.5 | 0.4 |
 Trinidad and Tobago | 3.69 | 8.4 | 6.1 |
 Tunisia | 0.89 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
 Turkey | 1.35 | 2.0 | 1.8 |
 Turkmenistan | 1.17 | 5.4 | 2.9 |
 Tuvalu | – | 1.7 | 1.2 |
 Uganda | 0.46 | 9.5 | 12.2 |
 Ukraine | 2.31 | 8.6 | 8.7 |
 United Arab Emirates | 3.06 | 3.8 | 2.4 |
 United Kingdom | – | 11.4 | 10.8 |
 United States | 8.90 | 9.8 | 9.6 |
 Uruguay | 8.17 | 10.8 | 5.5 |
 Uzbekistan | 1.55 | 2.7 | 2.6 |
 Vanuatu | 0.96 | 1.0 | 1.9 |
 Venezuela | 9.41 | 5.6 | 3.0 |
 Vietnam | 1.21 | 8.3 | 9.3 |
 Yemen | 0.15 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
 Zambia | 0.63 | 4.8 | 3.9 |
 Zimbabwe | 2.78 | 4.8 | 3.6 |
The table below for 189 countries uses 2019 data (three-year average of 2017, 2018, and 2019) from the WHO report published in 2024. [6] The recorded consumption values were based on data from government sources, statistics from economic operators, and FAOSTAT data and estimates the amount of alcohol consumption (in litres of pure alcohol) by persons 15 years of age or older. Unrecorded consumption (homebrew, moonshine, smuggled alcohol, surrogate alcohol etc.) was estimated using expert judgements and surveys. The total consumption (sum of recorded and unrecorded) is then broken down by type of alcoholic beverage. Beer refers to malt beer, wine refers to grape wine, spirits refers to all distilled beverages such as vodka and similar products, and the column "other" refers to all other alcoholic beverages, such as rice wine, soju, sake, mead, kumis, cider, kvass, and African beers (kumi kumi, kwete, banana beer, millet beer, umqombothi etc.). The last two columns represent projections for total consumption (sum of recorded and unrecorded) for the years 2025 and 2030, which are estimated using an ARIMA regression analyses.
| Country | Recorded consumption | Unrecorded consumption | Beer (%) | Wine (%) | Spirits (%) | Other (%) | 2025 projection | 2030 projection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estonia | 11.8 | 1.1 | 35.3 | 16.9 | 38.2 | 9.7 | 11.1 | 12.2 |
| Lithuania | 11.0 | 0.8 | 42.5 | 7.7 | 45.2 | 4.6 | 11.7 | 12.1 |
| Czech Republic | 12.9 | 0.4 | 52.7 | 21.8 | 25.4 | <0.1 | 13.4 | 13.2 |
| Seychelles | 13.3 | 0.5 | 42.0 | 20.8 | 33.7 | 3.5 | 12.1 | 11.7 |
| Germany | 11.1 | 0.4 | 50.5 | 29.9 | 19.6 | <0.1 | 12.1 | 11.6 |
| Nigeria | 2.9 | 1.3 | 22.1 | 0.8 | 13.0 | 64.1 | 4.1 | 3.7 |
| Ireland | 11.1 | 0.3 | 45.4 | 26.4 | 20.6 | 7.6 | 11.5 | 10.8 |
| Moldova | 6.3 | 4.8 | 24.2 | 37.6 | 35.8 | 2.5 | 11.3 | 12.3 |
| Latvia | 12.9 | 1.5 | 40.1 | 12.1 | 40.6 | 7.2 | 13.1 | 14.3 |
| Bulgaria | 11.4 | 0.6 | 40.1 | 16.3 | 41.7 | 1.9 | 12.0 | 12.4 |
| France | 11.5 | 0.4 | 21.1 | 56.8 | 20.5 | 1.6 | 11.3 | 10.7 |
| Romania | 10.7 | 6.2 | 49.7 | 30.6 | 19.6 | <0.1 | 16.9 | 17.5 |
| Slovenia | 10.4 | 0.6 | 44.2 | 44.9 | 10.9 | <0.1 | 11.6 | 11.1 |
| Portugal | 10.2 | 0.6 | 25.6 | 57.7 | 13.0 | 3.7 | 10.6 | 10.1 |
| Luxembourg | 11.3 | 0.2 | 35.6 | 43.6 | 20.1 | 0.8 | 11.5 | 10.9 |
| Belgium | 9.2 | 0.4 | 47.6 | 37.0 | 12.0 | 3.4 | 10.2 | 9.8 |
| Russia | 7.1 | 3.3 | 41.4 | 15.5 | 43.1 | <0.1 | 10.4 | 9.8 |
| Austria | 11.7 | 0.4 | 52.7 | 31.1 | 16.2 | <0.1 | 12.2 | 11.7 |
| Poland | 10.7 | 1.4 | 54.2 | 8.1 | 37.7 | <0.1 | 11.8 | 12.5 |
| Gabon | 6.6 | 0.7 | 81.3 | 7.9 | 10.1 | 0.7 | 7.0 | 6.4 |
| Slovakia | 10.3 | 0.6 | 35.9 | 22.9 | 41.2 | <0.1 | 11.3 | 11.2 |
| Switzerland | 9.2 | 0.4 | 33.9 | 46.2 | 18.6 | 1.3 | 10.6 | 10.0 |
| Hungary | 11.0 | 0.6 | 37.3 | 28.7 | 34.0 | <0.1 | 10.4 | 10.4 |
| United Kingdom | 9.8 | 0.5 | 35.4 | 34.6 | 23.6 | 6.4 | 10.8 | 10.5 |
| Andorra | 11.1 | 0.4 | 31.7 | 45.5 | 21.1 | 1.7 | 11.1 | 10.7 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 6.2 | 0.8 | 62.5 | 18.0 | 18.6 | 0.9 | 7.3 | 7.4 |
| Belarus | 10.1 | 0.6 | 21.3 | 9.0 | 45.0 | 24.7 | 11.3 | 10.7 |
| Serbia | 6.9 | 0.8 | 43.8 | 19.0 | 33.8 | 3.4 | 7.9 | 7.3 |
| Cyprus | 7.9 | 0.6 | 30.6 | 27.9 | 41.6 | <0.1 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Uruguay | 5.2 | 0.4 | 37.4 | 48.2 | 14.4 | <0.1 | 5.5 | 5.0 |
| Finland | 8.3 | 0.5 | 47.2 | 20.3 | 16.8 | 15.7 | 9.1 | 8.9 |
| New Zealand | 9.1 | 0.5 | 37.1 | 32.3 | 17.1 | 13.5 | 9.9 | 9.9 |
| Australia | 9.5 | 0.4 | 38.9 | 38.9 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 10.1 | 9.9 |
| Cook Islands | 12.6 | 0.6 | 28.8 | 15.1 | 56.1 | <0.1 | 10.6 | 12.5 |
| Denmark | 9.2 | 0.4 | 37.2 | 44.9 | 17.9 | <0.1 | 9.3 | 8.7 |
| Greece | 6.6 | 0.7 | 32.0 | 44.0 | 22.5 | 1.5 | 6.9 | 6.5 |
| Laos | 7.4 | 4.2 | 49.8 | 0.5 | 49.7 | <0.1 | 12.2 | 13.1 |
| South Korea | 7.8 | 0.4 | 22.3 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 73.0 | 8.1 | 7.4 |
| Spain | 10.7 | 0.5 | 43.2 | 33.5 | 21.6 | 1.7 | 11.0 | 11.0 |
| Eswatini | 7.1 | 1.1 | 34.7 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 62.0 | 8.1 | 7.8 |
| Saint Lucia | 10.2 | 0.5 | 32.7 | 11.1 | 49.7 | 6.6 | 10.2 | 10.2 |
| Argentina | 7.6 | 0.4 | 42.9 | 37.4 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 7.6 | 8.0 |
| Georgia | 7.6 | 6.7 | 24.3 | 41.8 | 33.6 | 0.3 | 15.0 | 15.3 |
| Namibia | 5.0 | 0.9 | 28.4 | 41.7 | 11.9 | 18.0 | 5.7 | 6.1 |
| United States | 8.9 | 0.4 | 44.9 | 18.2 | 36.9 | <0.1 | 9.6 | 9.8 |
| Barbados | 10.0 | 0.5 | 36.5 | 14.0 | 47.9 | 1.7 | 9.5 | 10.5 |
| Uganda | 6.6 | 5.6 | 12.9 | 0.2 | 9.2 | 77.7 | 12.0 | 9.9 |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 8.8 | 0.4 | 42.6 | 11.5 | 43.6 | 2.3 | 6.5 | 6.6 |
| Tanzania | 5.1 | 5.3 | 14.0 | 0.3 | 7.1 | 78.6 | 10.4 | 10.3 |
| Chile | 6.4 | 0.4 | 48.9 | 25.8 | 25.3 | <0.1 | 7.5 | 7.9 |
| Grenada | 8.5 | 0.5 | 41.4 | 5.6 | 49.4 | 3.6 | 8.2 | 8.4 |
| South Africa | 7.4 | 1.4 | 56.3 | 17.7 | 16.1 | 9.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 |
| Sweden | 7.1 | 2.2 | 37.0 | 47.2 | 14.0 | 1.8 | 9.3 | 9.4 |
| Iceland | 7.7 | 0.5 | 56.2 | 27.6 | 16.2 | <0.1 | 7.9 | 8.4 |
| Rwanda | 1.3 | 0.5 | 47.9 | 2.0 | 11.3 | 38.8 | 3.0 | 4.0 |
| Cameroon | 4.0 | 6.1 | 58.6 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 38.5 | 10.0 | 10.1 |
| Canada | 8.1 | 1.9 | 44.3 | 25.7 | 26.0 | 4.0 | 9.8 | 10.0 |
| Croatia | 10.1 | 0.7 | 47.3 | 35.1 | 13.4 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 8.1 |
| Netherlands | 8.3 | 0.5 | 48.1 | 35.3 | 16.6 | <0.1 | 9.2 | 8.7 |
| Ukraine | 5.5 | 3.2 | 46.0 | 5.5 | 47.6 | 0.9 | 9.0 | 8.8 |
| Botswana | 7.4 | 0.8 | 41.0 | 4.9 | 11.1 | 42.9 | 8.5 | 8.6 |
| Ivory Coast | 1.9 | 0.9 | 56.3 | 18.8 | 8.6 | 16.2 | 2.9 | 2.8 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 5.7 | 0.4 | 52.1 | 2.0 | 44.2 | 1.7 | 6.3 | 6.7 |
| Thailand | 6.7 | 1.2 | 29.5 | 2.4 | 68.0 | <0.1 | 8.0 | 7.7 |
| Vietnam | 3.4 | 5.9 | 92.4 | 0.6 | 6.8 | 0.2 | 9.3 | 10.7 |
| Burkina Faso | 7.2 | 2.6 | 14.5 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 81.4 | 9.9 | 10.9 |
| Dominica | 6.3 | 0.5 | 28.7 | 4.6 | 65.7 | 1.1 | 5.8 | 5.3 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 7.6 | <0.1 | 34.2 | 3.7 | 59.1 | 3.0 | 7.1 | 8.1 |
| Malta | 9.0 | 0.5 | 42.0 | 26.3 | 25.7 | 5.9 | 8.5 | 9.8 |
| North Macedonia | 4.0 | 0.8 | 51.5 | 25.6 | 21.9 | 1.0 | 4.7 | 4.9 |
| Japan | 6.4 | 0.2 | 21.0 | 6.1 | 15.0 | 57.9 | 6.6 | 6.3 |
| Montenegro | 9.8 | 0.7 | 38.3 | 26.3 | 32.2 | 3.2 | 10.4 | 10.4 |
| Panama | 6.3 | 0.4 | 79.3 | 1.0 | 19.3 | 0.4 | 6.5 | 6.8 |
| Brazil | 6.3 | 1.4 | 63.1 | 3.8 | 32.7 | 0.4 | 7.6 | 12.1 |
| Congo | 5.6 | 0.8 | 90.1 | 1.3 | 8.4 | 0.2 | 6.2 | 7.9 |
| Kazakhstan | 3.9 | 0.7 | 61.5 | 4.3 | 34.1 | <0.1 | 4.4 | 4.2 |
| Albania | 4.4 | 0.7 | 39.6 | 24.5 | 34.1 | 1.8 | 5.1 | 5.4 |
| Burundi | 3.1 | 1.0 | 60.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 39.5 | 4.1 | 3.4 |
| Italy | 7.6 | 0.5 | 25.7 | 63.7 | 10.5 | <0.1 | 8.0 | 7.5 |
| Norway | 6.0 | 0.5 | 43.8 | 36.6 | 16.5 | 3.0 | 6.8 | 6.9 |
| Mongolia | 7.2 | 0.7 | 29.9 | 20.4 | 49.8 | <0.1 | 7.8 | 8.0 |
| China | 4.8 | 0.9 | 28.4 | 3.0 | 68.5 | <0.1 | 5.0 | 5.5 |
| Paraguay | 5.3 | 0.5 | 56.8 | 11.4 | 30.4 | 1.4 | 5.6 | 5.7 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 11.2 | 0.4 | 26.3 | 32.8 | 37.6 | 3.3 | 8.5 | 9.8 |
| Niue | 8.5 | 0.8 | 50.4 | 22.2 | 27.4 | <0.1 | 9.3 | 10.5 |
| Dominican Republic | 5.6 | 1.3 | 56.0 | 3.2 | 39.7 | 1.0 | 6.9 | 6.5 |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 4.2 | 0.8 | 17.1 | 77.4 | 5.4 | <0.1 | 5.2 | 5.0 |
| Belize | 5.9 | 0.5 | 64.9 | 11.1 | 21.5 | 2.5 | 5.6 | 5.9 |
| Cambodia | 4.5 | 4.0 | 90.7 | 0.2 | 9.1 | <0.1 | 8.7 | 11.0 |
| Philippines | 5.0 | 1.2 | 28.5 | 0.7 | 70.6 | 0.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 |
| Mexico | 4.8 | 1.2 | 85.3 | 3.8 | 10.5 | 0.4 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
| Angola | 5.3 | 0.9 | 54.5 | 7.8 | 35.0 | 2.8 | 5.4 | 5.7 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 5.3 | 0.9 | 76.2 | 9.2 | 11.4 | 3.1 | 6.3 | 6.8 |
| Guyana | 5.2 | 0.2 | 53.1 | 0.7 | 45.7 | 0.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
| Peru | 5.7 | 1.8 | 53.5 | 7.9 | 38.4 | 0.2 | 7.3 | 7.8 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 4.4 | 0.5 | 10.2 | 5.7 | 84.1 | <0.1 | 4.5 | 4.7 |
| Cuba | 4.7 | 1.3 | 37.8 | 4.7 | 57.2 | 0.3 | 6.0 | 6.3 |
| Nauru | 2.4 | 0.5 | 22.0 | 3.7 | 74.3 | <0.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 |
| Colombia | 4.2 | 0.7 | 73.8 | 1.4 | 24.3 | 0.4 | 4.9 | 4.8 |
| Haiti | 3.0 | 0.4 | 17.2 | 0.9 | 81.7 | 0.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 |
| Liberia | 2.8 | 0.8 | 14.1 | 1.6 | 83.7 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 |
| Cape Verde | 1.9 | 0.9 | 56.3 | 18.8 | 8.6 | 16.2 | 2.9 | 2.8 |
| India | 3.0 | 1.9 | 7.1 | <0.1 | 92.8 | <0.1 | 5.0 | 6.7 |
| Sierra Leone | 0.2 | <0.1 | 68.0 | 6.6 | 21.1 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Venezuela | 2.7 | 0.3 | 58.5 | 0.5 | 39.6 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 1.8 |
| Armenia | 4.1 | 0.9 | 20.3 | 9.5 | 70.0 | 0.2 | 5.2 | 5.7 |
| Turkmenistan | 2.9 | <0.1 | 23.1 | 40.3 | 36.6 | <0.1 | 2.8 | 3.1 |
| Nicaragua | 3.7 | 0.5 | 41.0 | 0.8 | 58.1 | 0.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 |
| Suriname | 6.3 | 0.4 | 53.9 | 2.7 | 41.0 | 2.3 | 7.1 | 8.2 |
| Lesotho | 3.5 | 1.0 | 54.7 | 2.9 | 8.9 | 33.5 | 4.5 | 5.3 |
| Bolivia | 3.0 | 1.1 | 74.4 | 4.3 | 18.6 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 4.3 |
| Costa Rica | 3.2 | 0.3 | 72.3 | 4.9 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 3.3 | 3.1 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 3.3 | 0.9 | 15.4 | 33.6 | 15.8 | 35.1 | 3.9 | 4.1 |
| Myanmar | 1.9 | 0.2 | 26.9 | 0.9 | 72.1 | <0.1 | 2.4 | 3.4 |
| Zambia | 3.2 | 0.6 | 37.9 | 1.4 | 8.5 | 52.2 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| Zimbabwe | 2.8 | 0.9 | 34.1 | 1.9 | 12.3 | 51.7 | 3.9 | 4.6 |
| Bahamas | 9.5 | 0.3 | 38.7 | 15.3 | 42.8 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 4.3 |
| Ecuador | 3.0 | 0.3 | 76.8 | 2.7 | 19.4 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 3.1 |
| Sri Lanka | 2.6 | 0.3 | 8.5 | 0.3 | 89.8 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 3.3 |
| Jamaica | 3.5 | 0.4 | 34.6 | 8.3 | 47.3 | 9.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| Honduras | 2.8 | 0.4 | 57.5 | 1.3 | 41.1 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 3.4 |
| North Korea | 3.4 | 0.9 | 3.2 | <0.1 | 96.8 | <0.1 | 4.3 | 4.5 |
| Gambia | 0.9 | 0.3 | 17.9 | <0.1 | 1.8 | 80.3 | 0.9 | 0.6 |
| Israel | 2.6 | 0.4 | 49.3 | 3.0 | 45.1 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.1 |
| United Arab Emirates | 2.1 | 0.4 | 10.5 | 7.0 | 81.4 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
| El Salvador | 2.9 | 0.4 | 50.9 | 1.9 | 47.0 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 |
| Malawi | 1.8 | 1.5 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 9.5 | 85.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 |
| Mauritius | 7.0 | 0.8 | 28.6 | 3.7 | 67.1 | 0.5 | 7.6 | 7.4 |
| Kenya | 2.3 | 0.6 | 32.1 | 1.2 | 35.1 | 31.6 | 2.8 | 3.2 |
| Central African Republic | 1.4 | 0.5 | 36.6 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 60.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 |
| Tajikistan | 0.9 | <0.1 | 44.0 | 1.3 | 54.2 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Togo | 1.0 | 0.4 | 63.1 | 1.1 | 20.1 | 15.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Benin | 5.2 | 3.2 | 17.0 | 0.9 | 4.0 | 78.1 | 8.7 | 8.5 |
| Fiji | 3.0 | 0.7 | 53.9 | 9.1 | 37.0 | <0.1 | 3.8 | 4.3 |
| Ethiopia | 1.8 | 1.5 | 55.9 | 0.1 | 9.7 | 34.3 | 3.7 | 5.1 |
| Ghana | 1.9 | 2.7 | 34.5 | 2.0 | 21.3 | 42.2 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Maldives | 1.3 | 0.4 | 22.9 | 40.9 | 36.0 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
| Uzbekistan | 2.6 | <0.1 | 7.8 | 3.3 | 88.8 | <0.1 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
| DR Congo | 1.1 | 1.0 | 48.6 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 47.1 | 2.0 | 1.4 |
| Micronesia | 1.6 | 0.6 | 58.5 | 8.5 | 33.0 | <0.1 | 2.1 | 1.9 |
| Samoa | 1.9 | 0.7 | 82.3 | 8.7 | 9.1 | <0.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 |
| Guatemala | 1.6 | <0.1 | 55.1 | 3.0 | 41.5 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
| Mozambique | 1.5 | 0.6 | 72.1 | 10.4 | 14.4 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 2.5 |
| East Timor | 0.3 | <0.1 | 69.1 | 12.8 | 17.3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Nepal | 0.8 | 0.6 | 28.3 | 0.6 | 71.1 | <0.1 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
| Qatar | 1.0 | 0.2 | 29.6 | 7.8 | 62.0 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
| Singapore | 1.8 | 0.2 | 69.0 | 15.4 | 13.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 |
| Turkey | 1.3 | 0.6 | 56.8 | 12.3 | 30.8 | <0.1 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
| Bahrain | 1.5 | 0.4 | 37.6 | 12.1 | 48.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.3 |
| Madagascar | 0.7 | 0.3 | 68.6 | 9.5 | 21.8 | <0.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
| Tunisia | 1.6 | 0.6 | 62.1 | 26.5 | 9.9 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.1 |
| Tuvalu | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 74.3 | 24.2 | <0.1 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
| Chad | 0.5 | 3.2 | 69.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 28.7 | 3.5 | 4.2 |
| Lebanon | 1.2 | 0.3 | 32.3 | 18.1 | 48.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
| Tonga | 0.3 | 0.1 | 4.3 | 60.3 | 35.4 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Solomon Islands | 1.2 | 0.5 | 71.3 | 4.5 | 24.2 | <0.1 | 1.6 | 1.2 |
| Eritrea | 0.9 | 0.4 | 42.0 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 58.0 | 1.2 | 1.6 |
| Guinea | 0.3 | 0.1 | 92.2 | 3.6 | 4.2 | <0.1 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Mali | 3.5 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 96.7 | 4.3 | 4.1 |
| Papua New Guinea | 1.2 | 0.5 | 45.8 | 4.7 | 48.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Iran | 0.1 | 0.6 | 75.4 | <0.1 | 24.6 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 |
| Vanuatu | 1.7 | 0.6 | 20.2 | 24.2 | 55.5 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 2.6 |
| Algeria | 0.6 | <0.1 | 53.5 | 32.7 | 13.8 | <0.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| Comoros | 0.2 | <0.1 | 21.7 | 39.8 | 38.5 | <0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| Malaysia | 0.7 | 0.2 | 73.0 | 6.4 | 19.0 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Azerbaijan | 0.9 | 1.0 | 38.3 | 13.0 | 47.9 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 3.9 |
| Indonesia | <0.1 | <0.1 | 78.2 | 3.2 | 17.8 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Oman | 0.5 | 0.4 | 34.5 | 3.5 | 61.7 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Jordan | 0.3 | <0.1 | 27.6 | 1.7 | 69.3 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Senegal | 0.3 | 0.1 | 66.7 | 26.3 | 6.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Bhutan | <0.1 | 0.1 | 11.1 | 2.4 | 86.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Morocco | 0.5 | <0.1 | 35.6 | 46.1 | 18.0 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Djibouti | 0.3 | 0.1 | 28.1 | 17.4 | 53.2 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Niger | <0.1 | <0.1 | 41.3 | 7.9 | 50.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Sudan | <0.1 | <0.1 | 27.0 | 30.9 | 37.6 | 4.5 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Brunei | 0.7 | 0.1 | 100.0 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Egypt | 0.1 | <0.1 | 63.6 | 7.2 | 28.3 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Iraq | 0.2 | <0.1 | 70.3 | 2.3 | 26.8 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Kiribati | 0.4 | 0.6 | 64.1 | <0.1 | 35.8 | <0.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| Pakistan | <0.1 | <0.1 | 7.7 | <0.1 | 68.7 | 23.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Syria | 0.1 | <0.1 | 12.8 | 1.3 | 86.0 | <0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
 Afghanistan | <0.1 | <0.1 | 6.1 | 4.4 | 89.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Saudi Arabia | <0.1 | <0.1 | – | – | – | – | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Yemen | <0.1 | <0.1 | 98.0 | <0.1 | 2.0 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Bangladesh | <0.1 | <0.1 | 11.1 | 2.4 | 86.3 | 0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Kuwait | <0.1 | <0.1 | – | – | – | – | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Libya | <0.1 | <0.1 | 6.8 | 10.5 | 32.6 | 50.2 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Mauritania | <0.1 | <0.1 | – | – | – | – | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Somalia | <0.1 | <0.1 | – | – | – | – | <0.1 | <0.1 |
A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption. In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include plain drinking water, milk, juice, smoothies and soft drinks. Traditionally warm beverages include coffee, tea, and hot chocolate. Caffeinated drinks that contain the stimulant caffeine have a long history.
Low-alcohol beer is beer with little or no alcohol by volume that aims to reproduce the taste of beer while eliminating or reducing the inebriating effect, carbohydrates, and calories of regular alcoholic brews. Low-alcohol beers can come in different beer styles such as lagers, stouts, and ales. Low-alcohol beer is also known as light beer, non-alcoholic beer, small beer, small ale, or near-beer.
There is a long history of alcoholic drinks in China. They include rice and grape wine, beer, whisky and various liquors including baijiu, the most-consumed distilled spirit in the world.
Drinking culture is the set of traditions and social behaviours that surround the consumption of alcoholic beverages as a recreational drug and social lubricant. Although alcoholic beverages and social attitudes toward drinking vary around the world, nearly every civilization has independently discovered the processes of brewing beer, fermenting wine, and distilling spirits, among other practices. Many countries have developed their own regional cultures based on unique traditions around the fermentation and consumption of alcohol, which may also be known as a beer culture, wine culture etc. after a particularly prominent type of drink.
Alcohol by volume is a standard measure of the volume of alcohol contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage, expressed as a volume percent. It is defined as the number of millilitres (mL) of pure ethanol present in 100 mL of solution at 20 °C (68 °F). The number of millilitres of pure ethanol is the mass of the ethanol divided by its density at 20 °C (68 °F), which is 0.78945 g/mL. The alc/vol standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures.
A standard drink or unit of alcohol is a measure of alcohol consumption representing a fixed amount of pure alcohol. The notion is used in relation to recommendations about alcohol consumption and its relative risks to health. It helps to educate alcohol users. A hypothetical alcoholic beverage sized to one standard drink varies in volume depending on the alcohol concentration of the beverage, but it always contains the same amount of alcohol and therefore produces the same amount of drunkenness. Many government health guidelines specify low to high risk amounts in units of grams of pure alcohol per day, week, or single occasion. These government guidelines often illustrate these amounts as standard drinks of various beverages, with their serving sizes indicated. Although used for the same purpose, the definition of a standard drink varies from country to country.
Liquor or distilled beverages are alcoholic drinks produced by the distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation. Other terms for liquor include spirit, spirituous liquor or hard liquor. While the word liquor ordinarily refers to distilled alcoholic spirits rather than beverages produced by fermentation alone, it can sometimes be used more broadly to refer to any alcoholic beverage.
Purposeful production of alcoholic drinks is common and often reflects cultural and religious peculiarities as much as geographical and sociological conditions.
Alcohol and cancer have a complex relationship. Alcohol causes cancers of the oesophagus, liver, breast, colon, oral cavity, rectum, pharynx, and larynx, and probably causes cancers of the pancreas. Cancer risk can occur even with light to moderate drinking. The more alcohol is consumed, the higher the cancer risk, and no amount can be considered completely safe.
Alcohol has a number of effects on health. Short-term effects of alcohol consumption include intoxication and dehydration. Long-term effects of alcohol include changes in the metabolism of the liver and brain, with increased risk of several types of cancer and alcohol use disorder. Alcohol intoxication affects the brain, causing slurred speech, clumsiness, and delayed reflexes. There is an increased risk of developing an alcohol use disorder for teenagers while their brain is still developing. Adolescents who drink have a higher probability of injury including death.
An alcoholic beverage is a beverage containing alcohol (ethanol). Alcoholic drinks are typically divided into three classes—beers, wines, and spirits—and typically their alcohol content is between 3% and 50%.
Alcohol consumption in Russia remains among the highest in the world. According to a 2011 report by the World Health Organization, annual per capita consumption of alcohol in Russia was about 15.76 litres of pure alcohol, the fourth-highest volume in Europe. It dropped to 11.7 litres in 2016, dropping further to about 10.5 litres in 2019. Another general trait of Russian alcohol consumption pattern was the high volume of spirits compared with other alcoholic drinks.
Alcohol is commonly consumed and available at pubs and liquor stores in Australia – all of which are private enterprises. Spirits can be purchased at liquor stores and pubs, whereas most grocery stores do not sell them, although they may have separate liquor stores on their premises. Alcohol consumption is higher, according to WHO studies, than in most European countries and several Central Asian and African countries, although consumption is just as high in Australia as in North America. After tobacco, alcohol is the second leading preventable cause of death and hospitalisation in Australia.
Alcohol laws are laws relating to manufacture, use, being under the influence of and sale of alcohol or alcoholic beverages. Common alcoholic beverages include beer, wine, (hard) cider, and distilled spirits. Definition of alcoholic beverage varies internationally, e.g., the United States defines an alcoholic beverage as "any beverage in liquid form which contains not less than one-half of one percent of alcohol by volume". Alcohol laws can restrict those who can produce alcohol, those who can buy it, when one can buy it, labelling and advertising, the types of alcoholic beverage that can be sold, where one can consume it, what activities are prohibited while intoxicated, and where one can buy it. In some cases, laws have even prohibited the use and sale of alcohol entirely.
Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is the second most consumed psychoactive drug globally behind caffeine, and alcohol use disorders are the most prevalent of all substance use disorders worldwide. Alcohol is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, decreasing electrical activity of neurons in the brain. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies alcohol as a toxic, psychoactive, dependence-producing, and carcinogenic substance.
Teetotalism is the practice of never consuming alcohol, specifically in alcoholic drinks. A person who practices teetotalism is called a teetotaler (US) or teetotaller (UK), or said to be teetotal. Globally, almost half of adults do not drink alcohol. A number of temperance organisations have been founded in order to promote teetotalism and provide spaces for non-drinkers to socialise.
The production and consumption of alcoholic beverages, especially wine, in Afghanistan has a long tradition – going back at least to the fourth century BC. Currently, the possession and consumption of alcohol is prohibited for Afghan nationals. However, the Afghan government provided a license for various many outlets to distribute alcoholic beverages to foreign journalists and tourists, and black market alcohol consumption is prevalent as well. Bringing two bottles or two litres of alcoholic beverages was allowed for foreigners entering Afghanistan prior to the Taliban takeover in August 2021.
The commercial brewing of beer in Fiji only commenced in 1958 and the market is dominated by a single producer, Paradise Beverages (Fiji) Limited.
Excise taxes on alcoholic beverages are per unit taxes levied by governments to raise revenue or used as corrective taxes to control health-related externalities associated with consumption of alcohol. This page addresses the economics and politics of alcohol excise taxation.
This page is a list of terms related to the psychoactive drug alcohol.