Legal status of methamphetamine

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The production, distribution, and sale of methamphetamine is restricted or illegal in many jurisdictions.

Contents

CountryPossessionSaleTransportProductionNotes
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
(Methamphetamine use in Australia)		Section 8, ControlledSection 8, ControlledSection 8, ControlledSection 8, ControlledIt is now legal under certain circumstances. i.e. Manufacture, transport, sale, and use are restricted and only legal in governed control. (since 2015, misunderstood references). [1] [2] A schedule 8 controlled substance is one which should be available for use but requires restriction of manufacture, supply, distribution, possession and use to reduce abuse, misuse and physical or psychological dependence. [2]
Flag of Brazil.svg BrazilForbidden, but not a cause for arrestIllegalIllegalIllegalWhile it's not illegal to possess methamphetamine, it is not prescribed as a drug in Brazil. Sale can result in up to 15 years prison. [3]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaIllegal, Exemption in British Columbia where 2.5 grams is decriminalized due to Health Canada mandateIllegalIllegalIllegalMethamphetamine is not approved for medical use in Canada. As of 2005, methamphetamine has been moved to Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, which provides access to the highest maximum penalties. The maximum penalty for production and distribution of methamphetamine has increased from 10 years to life in prison. [4] Effective January 31, 2023, possession of up to 2.5 grams of cocaine is decriminalized in the Province of British Columbia due to Health Canada mandate [5]
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech RepublicIllegal, but not criminal for small amounts.IllegalIllegalIllegalIn the Czech Republic the law prohibits possession of amount of a drug, which is "larger than small". The Government mandates which amount is regarded as "larger than small". Nowadays possession of up to 2 grams of Methamphetamine is considered to be a misdemeanour rather than a crime and such possession can be fined up to 15,000 CZK (approximately $800). [6] However, production and distribution is illegal. In 2009 police raided 340 Methamphetamine laboratories in the Czech Republic, which is the most among EU countries. [7] Government changed policy of sale of legal drugs, which contain substances needed for meth production - the buyer must have a medical prescription, must identify themself by ID card and can obtain only a small quantity. Due to this Czech meth producers are buying drugs with Pseudoephedrine in Poland, where there are no such restrictions. [8]

The Czech penal code penalizes possession (of more than 2 grams) by 1 – 8 years of imprisonment (penalty is differentiated by the amount of drug); production and distribution by up to 5 years, or up to 10 years (if conducted as a member of organized group, in large scale, against a child, or if it led to a large profit). Penal code also punishes spoofing or propagation of drugs (up to 5 years of imprisonment by different circumstances, up to 8 if against a child).

Flag of Denmark.svg DenmarkIllegalIllegalIllegalIllegalPossession, sale, trafficking and production of methamphetamine is illegal in Denmark. [9]
Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong KongLegal Medically and ScientificallyLegal Medically and ScientificallyLegal Medically and ScientificallyLegal Medically and ScientificallyMethamphetamine is regulated under Schedule 1 of Hong Kong's Dangerous Drugs Ordinance. [10] It can only be used legally by health professionals and for university research purposes. The substance can be given by pharmacists under a prescription. Anyone who supplies the substance without prescription can be punished with 15 years imprisonment and a fine of $100,000 (HKD). [11] The penalty for trafficking or manufacturing the substance is a $5,000,000 (HKD) fine and life imprisonment. [12] Possession or use of the substance without license from the Department of Health is liable to a $1,000,000 (HKD) fine and/or 7 years of imprisonment. [13]
Flag of Ireland.svg IrelandIllegalIllegalIllegalIllegalMethamphetamine, along with other narcotics such as ketamine and ecstasy, were decriminalised for a day on 10 March 2015, due to the law enforcing their illegality being declared unconstitutional. [14]
Flag of Italy.svg ItalyLegal (Personal Use)Legal ScientificallyLegal ScientificallyLegal ScientificallyMethamphetamine is not approved for medical use in Italy, except for an extremely small number of case-approved, strictly controlled experimental therapies, and it is listed in the Tabella 1 ("Schedule One") of the Psychotropic Substances List of the Italian Ministry of Health. [15] Production, traffic and/or sale of methamphetamine can be punished with a sentence of imprisonment ranging from six to twenty years, and with a fine ranging from 26,000 to 260,000 Euros, according to the severity of the felony. As for any other drugs, the consumption of methamphetamine and the possession of the substance for "personal use" (under a certain quantity) is not illegal in Italy, [16] although law enforcement and health authorities keep files on known users and addicts, who are often forced to undergo treatment.[ citation needed ] However, methamphetamine is not a particularly common or popular substance in Italy, surpassed by cocaine, heroin, and ecstasy, even if its popularity is growing.
Flag of Japan.svg JapanIllegalIllegalIllegalIllegalMethamphetamine is considered a "prohibited stimulant" and possession is grounds for immediate arrest. [17] Methamphetamine accounts for 84% of illegal drug use in Japan and has a relatively high street value in the country (around 10 times the street value in production regions). [18]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg NetherlandsUnenforcedIllegalIllegalIllegalMethamphetamine is not approved for medical use in The Netherlands. It falls under Schedule I of the Opium Act. [19] Although production and distribution of this drug are prohibited, few people who were caught with a small amount for personal use have been prosecuted.[ citation needed ]
Flag of New Zealand.svg New ZealandIllegal (Never Prescribed)Illegal (Never Prescribed)Illegal (Never Prescribed)Illegal (Never Prescribed)Methamphetamine is a Class "A" or Schedule 1 controlled drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975. [20] The maximum penalty for production and distribution is imprisonment for life. While in theory a doctor could prescribe it for an appropriate indication, this would require case-by-case approval by the director-general of public health. High purity methamphetamine is most commonly referred to by the uniquely New Zealand street name of P, for "pure". [21]
Flag of Norway.svg NorwayIllegalIllegalIllegalIllegalPossession, sale, trafficking and production of methamphetamine is illegal in Norway. [22]
Flag of Palau.svg PalauIllegalIllegalIllegalIllegalPossession, sale and trafficking of methamphetamine is illegal in Palau. [23]
Flag of Israel.svg IsraelIllegalIllegalIllegalIllegalPossession, sale and trafficking of methamphetamine is illegal in Israel bases on Local Israeli authoritative laws. 15181/13 CORDROGUE 106 Regional Report on the Near East 1. [24]
Flag of the Philippines.svg PhilippinesIllegalIllegalIllegalIllegalUnder the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 the sale, transport, possession and transport of methamphetamine, commonly known as "shabu", "meth" or "ice" in the country, is illegal. The law states that possession is punishable by life imprisonment to death penalty (although death penalty has been abolished in the country) and a fine ranging from 500 thousand to 10 million pesos. [25]
Flag of Portugal.svg PortugalDecriminalized up to 1 gramIllegalIllegalIllegalSee further info about the Drug policy of Portugal. Methamphetamine is Illegal, but possession of small amounts are decriminalized. [26]
Flag of Singapore.svg SingaporeIllegalIllegalIllegalIllegalUnder the Misuse of Drugs Act in Singapore, methamphetamine is a Class A — Schedule I controlled drug. [27] Under the Section 17 of the Misuse of Drugs Act, any person who carries 250 or more grammes of the drug shall be presumed to possess them for the purpose of drug trafficking, [28] which is punishable by death. Unless authorized by the government, the possession, consumption, manufacturing, import, export, or trafficking of methamphetamine in any amount are illegal.
Flag of South Africa.svg South AfricaIllegalIllegalIllegalIllegalCommonly known as Crystal Meth In South Africa, methamphetamine is classified as a Schedule 7 drug, [29] and is listed as Undesirable Dependence-Producing Substances in Part III of Schedule 2 of the Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act, 1992. [30] [31]
Flag of Sweden.svg SwedenIllegalIllegalIllegalIllegalPossession, sale, trafficking and production of methamphetamine is illegal in Sweden. [32]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United KingdomIllegalIllegalIllegalIllegalAs of 18 January 2007, [33] methamphetamine is classified as a Class A drug in the UK under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 following a recommendation made by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs in June 2006. [34] It had previously been classified as a Class B drug, except when prepared for injection.

According to a 2013 BBC News article, the United Kingdom does not have a significant problem with methamphetamine where it is restricted mostly to the gay male sex party scene. The Home Office estimate that around 17,000 people used methamphetamine, compared to 27,000 people using heroin. [35]

Flag of the United States.svg United States
(Methamphetamine in the United States)		 Schedule II Schedule II Schedule II Schedule II Methamphetamine is classified as a Schedule II substance by the Drug Enforcement Administration under the Controlled Substances Act, meaning it is generally illegal outside of either authorized research conducted by a DEA licensee or medical use pursuant to a valid prescription issued by a DEA licensee to an ultimate user. [36]

Methamphetamine is available in the United States under the brand-name of Desoxyn, distributed by Key Therapeutics. While there is technically no difference between the laws regarding methamphetamine and other controlled stimulants, most medical professionals are averse to prescribing it due to its notoriety.

In addition to federal laws, some states have placed additional restrictions on the sale of precursor chemicals commonly used to synthesize methamphetamine, particularly pseudoephedrine, a common over-the-counter decongestant. In 2005, the DEA seized 2,148.6 kg(4,736.8 lbs) of methamphetamine. [37] In 2005, the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 was passed, putting restrictions on the sale of methamphetamine precursors. Various state governments have passed even more stringent laws to regulate the sale of pseudoephedrine decongestants. On November 7, 2006, the US Department of Justice declared that November 30, 2006 be Methamphetamine Awareness Day. [38] DEA El Paso Intelligence Center data is showing a distinct downward trend in the seizure of clandestine drug labs for the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine from a high of 18,091 in 2004. This trend has reversed as of 2008. Lab seizure data for the United States is available from EPIC beginning in 1999 when 7,438 labs were reported to have been seized during that calendar year. These figures include methamphetamine lab, "dumpsite" and "chemical and glassware" seizures. [39]

CountryPossessionSaleTransportProductionNotes

Legality of similar chemicals

See ephedrine and pseudoephedrine for legal restrictions in place as a result of their use as precursors in the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Controlled Substances Act</span> United States drug-regulating law

The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is the statute establishing federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances is regulated. It was passed by the 91st United States Congress as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 and signed into law by President Richard Nixon. The Act also served as the national implementing legislation for the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MDMA</span> Psychoactive drug, often called ecstasy

3,4-Methyl​enedioxy​methamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy, and molly, is an empathogen–entactogenic drug with stimulant and minor psychedelic properties. In studies, it has been used alongside psychotherapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety in autism spectrum disorder. The purported pharmacological effects that may be prosocial include altered sensations, increased energy, empathy, and pleasure. When taken by mouth, effects begin in 30 to 45 minutes and last three to six hours.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pseudoephedrine</span> Pharmaceutical drug

Pseudoephedrine, sold under the brand name Sudafed among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used as a decongestant to treat nasal congestion. It has also been used off-label for certain other indications, like treatment of low blood pressure. At higher doses, it may produce various additional effects including stimulant, appetite suppressant, and performance-enhancing effects. In relation to this, non-medical use of pseudoephedrine has been encountered. The medication is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cathine</span> Chemical compound

D-norpseudoephedrine, also known as cathine and (+)-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes which acts as a stimulant. Along with cathinone, it is found naturally in Catha edulis (khat), and contributes to its overall effects. It has approximately 7-10% the potency of amphetamine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clandestine chemistry</span> Illegal preparation of chemicals

Clandestine chemistry is chemistry carried out in secret, and particularly in illegal drug laboratories. Larger labs are usually run by gangs or organized crime intending to produce for distribution on the black market. Smaller labs can be run by individual chemists working clandestinely in order to synthesize smaller amounts of controlled substances or simply out of a hobbyist interest in chemistry, often because of the difficulty in ascertaining the purity of other, illegally synthesized drugs obtained on the black market. The term clandestine lab is generally used in any situation involving the production of illicit compounds, regardless of whether the facilities being used qualify as a true laboratory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benzylpiperazine</span> Recreational drug

Benzylpiperazine (BZP) is a substance often used as a recreational drug and is known to have euphoriant and stimulant properties. Several studies conducted between 2000 and 2011 found that the effects of BZP are similar to amphetamine, although BZP's dosage is roughly 10 times higher by weight.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nimetazepam</span> Benzodiazepine medication

Nimetazepam is an intermediate-acting hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It was first synthesized by a team at Hoffmann-La Roche in 1964. It possesses powerful hypnotic, anxiolytic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Nimetazepam is also a particularly potent anticonvulsant. It is marketed in 5 mg tablets known as Erimin, which is the brand name manufactured and marketed by the large Japanese corporation Sumitomo. Japan is the sole manufacturer of nimetazepam in the world. Outside of Japan, Erimin is available in much of East and Southeast Asia and was widely prescribed for the short-term treatment of severe insomnia in patients who have difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep. Sumitomo has ceased manufacturing Erimin since November 2015. It is still available as a generic drug or as Lavol.

The legal status of cocaine varies worldwide. Even though many countries have banned the sale of cocaine for recreational use, some have legalized it for possession, personal use, transportation, and cultivation, while some have decriminalized it for certain uses. It is necessary to distinguish cocaine from coca leaves or the plant itself.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Montana Meth Project</span> American anti-drug non-profit organization

The Montana Meth Project (MMP) is a Montana-based non-profit organization founded by businessman Thomas Siebel which seeks to reduce methamphetamine use, particularly among teenagers. The organizations main approach includes television, radio, print, and internet public service announcements that graphically depict the negative consequences of methamphetamine use. Common elements are the deterioration of health and living conditions, amphetamine psychosis, moral compromise, and regret. As of 2010, the Meth Project has expanded its media campaign into seven additional states. In March 13, 2013, the Montana Meth Project, joined the Partnership for Drug-Free Kids.

<i>para</i>-Methoxy-<i>N</i>-methylamphetamine Stimulant and psychedelic designer drug

para-Methoxy-N-methylamphetamine, chemically known as methyl-MA, 4-methoxy-N-methylamphetamine, and 4-MMA is a stimulant and psychedelic drug closely related to the amphetamine-class serotonergic drug para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA). PMMA is the 4-methoxy analog of methamphetamine. Little is known about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of PMMA; because of its structural similarity to PMA, which has known toxicity in humans, it is thought to have considerable potential to cause harmful side effects or death in overdose. In the early 2010s, a number of deaths in users of the drug MDMA were linked to misrepresented tablets and capsules of PMMA.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drug policy of California</span> Overview of the drug policy of the U.S. state of California

Drug policy of California refers to the policy on various classes and kinds of drugs in the U.S. state of California. Cannabis possession has been legalized with the Adult Use of Marijuana Act, passed in November 2016, with recreational sales starting January of the next year. With respect to many controlled substances, terms such as illegal and prohibited do not include their authorized possession or sale as laid out by applicable laws.

The illegal drug trade in China is influenced by factors such as history, location, size, population, and current economic conditions. China has one-sixth of the world's population and a large and expanding economy. China's large land mass, close proximity to the Golden Triangle, Golden Crescent, and numerous coastal cities with large and modern port facilities make it an attractive transit center for drug traffickers. Opium has played an important role in the country's history since before the First and Second Opium Wars in the mid-19th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mephedrone</span> Synthetic stimulant drug

Mephedrone, also known as 4-methylmethcathinone, 4-MMC, and 4-methylephedrone, is a synthetic stimulant drug belonging to the amphetamine and cathinone classes. It is commonly referred to by slang names such as drone, M-CAT, White Magic, meow meow, and bubble. Chemically, it is similar to the cathinone compounds found in the Khat plant, native to eastern Africa.

The U.S. state of Oregon has various policies restricting the production, sale, and use of different substances. In 2006, Oregon's drug use per person was higher than the national average, with marijuana, methamphetamine, and illicit painkillers being the most commonly used substances.

A rolling meth lab is a transportable laboratory that is used to illegally produce methamphetamine. Rolling meth labs are often moved to a secluded location where the strong, toxic fumes of methamphetamine manufacture cannot be detected and where the toxic manufacturing byproducts can be discarded. They are sometimes designed to manufacture the drug while the lab is traveling.

Substituted amphetamines, or simply amphetamines, are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents. The compounds in this class span a variety of pharmacological subclasses, including stimulants, empathogens, and hallucinogens, among others. Examples of substituted amphetamines are amphetamine (itself), methamphetamine, ephedrine, cathinone, phentermine, mephentermine, tranylcypromine, bupropion, methoxyphenamine, selegiline, amfepramone (diethylpropion), pyrovalerone, MDMA (ecstasy), and DOM (STP).

The Drug Equality Alliance is a non-profit organisation based in the United Kingdom whose mission statement is:

[...] It is made to transform the "War on Some People who use Some Drugs" from its subjective historical and cultural roots into a rational and objective legal regulatory framework that secures equal rights and equal protection to all those who are concerned with dangerous or otherwise harmful drugs. Our mission is to use domestic and international legal jurisdictions to interrogate the law and its application to those who produce, commerce, possess and consume such drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996</span> US law

The Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996 is a bill enacted into law by the 104th Congress of the United States. It mandated registration of persons trading in list I chemicals from the DEA list of chemicals. A fee for such registration was initially $595 but later reduced to $116. It is regarded as one of the major drug laws in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methamphetamine in the United States</span>

Methamphetamine in the United States is regulated under Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act. It is approved for pharmacological use in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and treatment-resistant obesity, but it is primarily used as a recreational drug. In 2012, 16,000 prescriptions for methamphetamine were filled, approximately 1.2 million Americans reported using it in the past year, and 440,000 reported using the drug in the past month.

Amphetamine and methamphetamine are central nervous system stimulants used to treat a variety of conditions. When used recreationally, they are colloquially known as "speed" or sometimes "crank". Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 in Germany by Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu, who named it phenylisopropylamine. Around the same time, Japanese organic chemist Nagai Nagayoshi isolated ephedrine from the Chinese ephedra plant and later developed a method for ephedrine synthesis. Methamphetamine was synthesized from ephedrine in 1893 by Nagayoshi. Neither drug had a pharmacological use until 1934, when Smith, Kline & French began selling amphetamine as an inhaler under the trade name Benzedrine for congestion.

References

  1. ↑ Sweetman, Sean (2009-03-16). Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 36th Edition. Pharmaceutical Press. p. 2158. ISBN   978-0-85369-840-1.
  2. 1 2 Poisons Standard July 2016
  3. ↑ "SP quer criminalizar metanfetamina; preocupação cresceu após apreensão em MS". 13 June 2011.
  4. ↑ "Methamphetamine Report for Federal-Provincial-Territorial Ministers Responsible for Justice". Department of Justice. 2019-03-07. Retrieved 2019-05-02.
  5. ↑ "B.C. receives exemption to decriminalize possession of some illegal drugs for personal use: Health Canada". Health Canada. January 6, 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
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  8. ↑ "Junkies found Pseudoephedrine elsewhere - in Poland". 2010-03-14. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  9. ↑ "List of euphoriant substances subject to control in Denmark". laegemiddelstyrelsen.dk. 14 June 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
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  11. ↑ "DANGEROUS DRUGS ORDINANCE - SECT 5" . Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  12. ↑ "DANGEROUS DRUGS ORDINANCE - SECT 4" . Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  13. ↑ "DANGEROUS DRUGS ORDINANCE - SECT 8" . Retrieved 2009-08-25.
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  22. ↑ http://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2013-02-14-199 Norwegian drug laws
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  28. ↑ "Part III, Evidence, Enforcement and Punishment, Presumption concerning trafficking". Singapore Statutes Online. Attorney General's Chamber. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
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  33. ↑ Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment Order) SI 2006/3331
  34. ↑ Crystal meth to be class A drug, BBC News, 14 June 2006
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  37. ↑ Stats & Facts: 2006 Successes in the Fight Against Drugs Archived February 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
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  39. ↑ DEA. "Maps of Methamphetamine Lab Incidents". Archived from the original on 2009-09-09.
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