U.S. history of tobacco minimum purchase age by state

Last updated

Minimum age to purchase tobacco in North America as of December 2019:

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Minimum age is 21
Minimum age is 19
Minimum age is 18 Verkaufsalter fur Tabakwaren in Nordamerika.svg
Minimum age to purchase tobacco in North America as of December 2019:
  Minimum age is 21
  Minimum age is 19
  Minimum age is 18

The minimum purchasing age for tobacco in the United States before 2022 varied by state and territory. Since December 20, 2019, the smoking age in all states and territories is 21 after federal law was passed by Congress and signed by President Donald Trump. The minimum age is still 18 in some states, e.g. the federal law is not enforced in Arizona, [1] and in Alaska the minimum age in 19; in 2022 the governor vetoed a senate law to raise it to 21 [2] (since the law also raised taxes).

Contents

History

States that have passed their own Tobacco 21 laws either before or since the passage of the federal Tobacco 21 law (2022):

States that have their own Tobacco 21 laws and comply with federal law
States that do not have their own Tobacco 21 laws who are covered under the federal Tobacco 21 law U.S. states with Tobacco 21 laws.svg
States that have passed their own Tobacco 21 laws either before or since the passage of the federal Tobacco 21 law (2022):
  States that have their own Tobacco 21 laws and comply with federal law
  States that do not have their own Tobacco 21 laws who are covered under the federal Tobacco 21 law
Minimum age to purchase tobacco in the United States prior to the passage of the federal Tobacco 21 law:

Minimum age was 21
Minimum age was 19
Minimum age was 18 Smoking Age - USA (2019).svg
Minimum age to purchase tobacco in the United States prior to the passage of the federal Tobacco 21 law:
  Minimum age was 21
  Minimum age was 19
  Minimum age was 18
Minimum age to purchase tobacco in the United States as of 1989:

Minimum age was 19
Minimum age was 18
Minimum age was 17
Minimum age was 16
No set minimum age Verkaufsalter fur Tabakwaren in Nordamerika (im Jahr 1989).svg
Minimum age to purchase tobacco in the United States as of 1989:
  Minimum age was 19
  Minimum age was 18
  Minimum age was 17
  Minimum age was 16
  No set minimum age

In the United States, laws regarding the minimum age to purchase and consume tobacco products have been made by states, territories, the District of Columbia and the federal government. Before 1992, states had the sole power to enforce their own minimum ages. These laws first appeared in the late nineteenth century, with New Jersey becoming the first state to set a minimum purchase age of sixteen in 1883. [3] By 1920, around half of states had their minimum purchase age of twenty-one and some simply prohibited "minors" (ages 14–24) from purchasing. [3] During the 1920s, due to tobacco industry lobbying, the minimum ages were lowered across the U.S. and ranged from sixteen to nineteen. [3] By 1939, all states had age restrictions for tobacco. [3] However, these laws kept changing throughout the 1950s, with Maryland repealing its age restrictions. The American Cancer Society recommended the minimum age of eighteen in 1963, the American Medical Association recommended twenty-one in 1985, [4] and the United States Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General recommended nineteen or twenty-one. [5]

State tobacco laws partly changed in 1992 under the George H.W. Bush administration when Congress enacted the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration Reorganization Act, whose Synar Amendment forced states to create their own laws to have a minimum age of eighteen to purchase tobacco or else lose funding from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. [6] The amendment was passed in response to the teenage smoking rates. [7] All states raised their ages to either eighteen or nineteen by 1993. In 1997, the Food and Drug Administration enacted regulations making the federal minimum age eighteen, [8] though later the U.S. Supreme Court later terminated the FDA's jurisdiction over tobacco, ending its enforcement practices and leaving it up to states. [9]

In 2009, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act was enacted under the Barack Obama administration, once again setting a federal minimum age of eighteen and prohibited the FDA from setting a higher minimum purchase age. [10] From 1993 to 2012, the smoking age in all states was either eighteen or nineteen. In 2005, the town of Needham, Massachusetts, became the first jurisdiction in the country to raise the minimum purchase age to 21. [11] Between 2012 and 2015, local municipalities across the U.S. began raising their smoking ages to twenty-one, with Hawaii becoming the first state to raise its age to twenty-one in 2015. [12] This began the shift in states eventually raising their ages to twenty-one due to the teenage vaping epidemic. [13] By 2019, eighteen states had their minimum purchase ages at twenty-one, thirty states had their ages at eighteen, two had it at nineteen and the District of Columbia had it at twenty-one. On December 20, 2019, with the enactment of the Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2020 signed by President Donald Trump, the federal smoking age was raised to twenty-one by changing the minimum purchase age in the 1992 Synar Amendment. [14] The United States Department of Defense followed, raising the age to purchase tobacco to twenty-one on military bases in the U.S. and abroad. [15]

Laws by state

State/territory1883–1950:
First MLAs enacted
1950–1970:
Increased marketing towards youth
1970–1992:
MLA reforms
1992–2009:
Synar Amendment enacted
2009–2019:
Tobacco Control Act enacted
2019–present:
Tobacco 21 enacted
Flag of Alabama.svg  Alabama None [16] (–1896)21 (1896–1976)19 [lower-alpha 1] (1976–2021)21 [lower-alpha 2] (2021–)
Flag of Alaska.svg  Alaska  ? (–1959)18 [lower-alpha 3] (1959–?)
16 [lower-alpha 4] (?–1988)
19 [lower-alpha 5] (1988–)
Flag of American Samoa.svg  American Samoa 18 [lower-alpha 6] (?–)
Flag of Arizona.svg  Arizona  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 7] (1988–)
Flag of Arkansas.svg  Arkansas  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 8] (1988–2019)21 [lower-alpha 9] (2019–)
Flag of California.svg  California 16 [lower-alpha 10] (?–1911)18 (1911–2016)21 [lower-alpha 11] (2016–)
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado  ? (–1988)None [lower-alpha 12] (c. 1960s–70s)18 [lower-alpha 13] (1970s–2020)21 [lower-alpha 14] (2020–)
Flag of Connecticut.svg  Connecticut None (–1902)
16[ citation needed ](1902–1987)
18 (1987–2019)21 [lower-alpha 15] (2019–)
Flag of Delaware.svg  Delaware  ? (–1953)17[ citation needed ](1953–1992)18 (1992–2019)21 [lower-alpha 16] (2019–)
Flag of the District of Columbia.svg  District of Columbia 16 [31] (?–1990)18 (1990–2016)21 [32] (2016–)
Flag of Florida.svg  Florida  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 17] (1988–2021)21 [lower-alpha 18] (2021–)
Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg  Georgia  ? (–1987)17[ citation needed ](1987–1993)18 (1993–2020)21 [lower-alpha 19] (2020–)
Flag of Guam.svg  Guam 18 (?–2018)21 [35] (2018–)
Flag of Hawaii.svg  Hawaii 15 [lower-alpha 20] (?–1988)18 [lower-alpha 21] (1988–2016)21 [lower-alpha 22] (2016–)
Flag of Idaho.svg  Idaho 18 (?–2022)21 [lower-alpha 23] (2022–)
Flag of Illinois.svg  Illinois 18 (?–2019)21 [lower-alpha 24] (2019–)
Flag of Indiana.svg  Indiana  ? (–1980)16[ citation needed ](1980–1987)
18 (1987–2020)
21 [lower-alpha 25] (2020–)
Flag of Iowa.svg  Iowa 16 [20] (–1934)
21 (1934–1964)
18 (1964–)21 [lower-alpha 26] (2020–)
Flag of Kansas.svg  Kansas  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 27] (1988–2023)21 [lower-alpha 28] (2023–)
Flag of Kentucky.svg  Kentucky None[ citation needed ](–1990)
16 [31] (1990–1992)
18 (1992–2020)21 [lower-alpha 29] (2020–)
Flag of Louisiana.svg  Louisiana  ? (–1988)None [16] (1988–1991)
18 [31] (1991–2021)
21 [lower-alpha 30] (2021–)
Flag of Maine.svg  Maine  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 31] (1988–2018)21 [45] (2018–)
Flag of Maryland.svg  Maryland 16 [31] (–1989)18 (1989–2019)21 [lower-alpha 32] (2019–)
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 33] (1988–2018)21 [47] (2018–)
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan  ? (–1988)17 [lower-alpha 34] (?–1988)
18 (?–2019)
21 [lower-alpha 35] (2020–)
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 36] (?–2020)21 [lower-alpha 37] (2020–)
Flag of Mississippi.svg  Mississippi  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 38] (?–2020)21 [lower-alpha 39] (2020–)
Flag of Missouri.svg  Missouri  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 40] (?–)
Flag of Montana.svg  Montana None [16] (–1993)18 [31] (1993–2020)21 [lower-alpha 41] (2020–)
Flag of Nebraska.svg  Nebraska  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 42] (1988–2019)
19 (Jan-Sep 2020)
21 [lower-alpha 43] (2020–)
Flag of Nevada.svg  Nevada  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 44] (1988–2021)21 [lower-alpha 45] (2021–)
Flag of New Hampshire.svg  New Hampshire  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 46] (1988–?)
19 [lower-alpha 47] (?–2020)
21 [lower-alpha 48] (2020–)
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey None (–1883)
16 [lower-alpha 49] (1883–1988)
18 [lower-alpha 50] (–2006)
19 [lower-alpha 51] (2006–2017)
21 [56] (2017–)
Flag of New Mexico.svg  New Mexico None (–1988)18 (?–2020)21 [lower-alpha 52] (2020–)
Flag of New York.svg  New York  ? (–1886)
16 [lower-alpha 53] (1886–?)
18 [lower-alpha 54] (1988–2019)21 [lower-alpha 55] (2019–)
Flag of North Carolina.svg  North Carolina  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 56] (1988–)
Flag of North Dakota.svg  North Dakota  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 57] (1988–2021)21 [lower-alpha 58] (2021–)
Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg  Northern Mariana Islands 18 [lower-alpha 59] (?–)
Flag of Ohio.svg  Ohio  ? (–1939)
18 [lower-alpha 60] (1939–2019)
21 [lower-alpha 61] (2019–)
Flag of Oklahoma.svg  Oklahoma  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 62] (1988–2020)21 [lower-alpha 63] (2020–)
Flag of Oregon.svg  Oregon None [lower-alpha 64] (1955–1988)
18 [lower-alpha 65] (1988–2018)
21 [66] (2018–)
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg  Pennsylvania  ? (–1988)16 [lower-alpha 66] (1988–?)
18 [lower-alpha 67] (?–2020)
21 [lower-alpha 68] (2020–)
Flag of Puerto Rico.svg  Puerto Rico 18 [lower-alpha 69] (?–)
Flag of Rhode Island.svg  Rhode Island None (–1939)
16 [lower-alpha 70] (1939–?)
18 [lower-alpha 71] (1988–2021)21 [lower-alpha 72] (2021–)
Flag of South Carolina.svg  South Carolina  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 73] (1988–)
Flag of South Dakota.svg  South Dakota  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 74] (1988–)
Flag of Tennessee.svg  Tennessee 21 [lower-alpha 75] (?–1970s)18 [lower-alpha 76] (1988–2021)21 [lower-alpha 77] (2021–)
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas 16 [lower-alpha 78] (–1989)18 [lower-alpha 79] (1989–2019)21 [lower-alpha 80] (2019–)
Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg  United States Virgin Islands 18 [lower-alpha 81] (?–)
Flag of Utah.svg  Utah 21 [lower-alpha 82] (?–1953)19 [lower-alpha 83] (1953–2019)21 [lower-alpha 84] (2019–)
Flag of Vermont.svg  Vermont  ? (–1988)
17 [lower-alpha 85] (1988–?)
18 [lower-alpha 86] (?–2019)21 [lower-alpha 87] (2019–)
Flag of Virginia.svg  Virginia  ? (–1988)16 [lower-alpha 88] (1988–?)
18 [lower-alpha 89] (?–2019)
21 [lower-alpha 90] (2019–)
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington 18 [lower-alpha 91] (1901–1909)
21 [lower-alpha 92] (1909–1971)
18 [lower-alpha 93] (1971–2020)21 [lower-alpha 94] (2020–)
Flag of West Virginia.svg  West Virginia  ? (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 95] (1988–)
Flag of Wisconsin.svg  Wisconsin None [16] (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 96] (?–)
Flag of Wyoming.svg  Wyoming None [16] (–1988)18 [lower-alpha 97] (?–2020)21 [lower-alpha 98] (2020–)

See also

Notes

  1. The minimum legal age to purchase tobacco is aligned with Alabama's age of majority and was lowered from 21 to 19 in 1976. [17] [18]
  2. Since 2019, the smoking age in Alabama has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2021 to align federal and state law. [19]
  3. The smoking age in Alaska was 18 upon joining the United States in 1959. [20]
  4. The smoking age in Alaska was 16 in 1988. [21]
  5. The smoking age in Alaska was raised from 16 to 19 sometime between 1988–2022. [22] Since 2019, the smoking age in Alaska has been 21 under federal law. Under current state law, it is 19. In 2022, Governor Dunleavy vetoed a bill raising the smoking age. [2]
  6. Since 2019, the smoking age in American Samoa has been 21 under federal law. Under current territorial law, it is 18. [23]
  7. The smoking age in Arizona was 18 in 1988. [16] Since 2019, the smoking age in Arizona has been 21 under federal law. Under current state law, it is 18. A spokeswomen for the attorney general of Arizona said in 2020 that their office could not enforce the federal law. [1]
  8. The smoking age in Arkansas was 18 in 1988. [16]
  9. The smoking age was raised to 21 by the Arkansas General Assembly in 2019 three weeks prior to the federal Tobacco 21 law. It included a grandfather clause that exempted adults born before December 31, 2000. [24] After the passage of the federal Tobacco 21 law, Governor Asa Hutchinson announced that Arkansas would be enforcing federal law which did not include a grandfather clause. [25]
  10. The smoking age in California was 16 prior to 1911. [26]
  11. The smoking age in California was raised from 18 to 21 in 2016 and it included an exemption for military personnel 18–20. [27]
  12. Colorado temporarily repealed its MLA in the 1960s and 70s. [20]
  13. The smoking age in Colorado was 18 in 1988. [16]
  14. Since 2019, the smoking age in Colorado has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align with federal law. [28]
  15. The smoking age was raised in Connecticut from 18 to 21 in 2019 two months prior to the passage of the federal Tobacco 21 law. [29]
  16. The smoking age was raised in Delaware from 18 to 21 in 2019 seven months prior to the passage of the federal Tobacco 21 law. [30]
  17. The smoking age in Florida was 18 in 1988. [16]
  18. Since 2019, the smoking age in Florida has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2021 to align federal and state law. [33]
  19. Since 2019, the smoking age in Georgia has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [34]
  20. The smoking age in Hawaii was 15 in 1963. [20]
  21. The smoking age in Hawaii was 18 in 1988. [16]
  22. The smoking age in Hawaii was raised from 18 to 21 in 2016. [36]
  23. Since 2019, the smoking age in Idaho has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2022 to align federal and state law. [37]
  24. The smoking age was raised by the Illinois General Assembly to 21 in 2019 five months prior to the federal Tobacco 21 law. [38]
  25. Since 2019, the smoking age in Indiana has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [39]
  26. Since 2019, the smoking age in Iowa has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [40]
  27. The smoking age in Kansas was 18 in 1988. [16] [41]
  28. Since 2019, the smoking age in Kansas has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2023 to align federal and state law. [42]
  29. Since 2019, the smoking age in Kentucky has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [43]
  30. Since 2019, the smoking age in Louisiana has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2021 to align federal and state law. [44]
  31. The smoking age in Maine was 18 in 1988. [16]
  32. The smoking age was raised in Maryland from 18 to 21 in 2019 one month prior to the passage of the Tobacco 21 federal law. [46] It included an exemption for military members 18–20.
  33. The smoking age in Massachusetts was 18 in 1988. [16]
  34. The smoking age in Michigan was 17 in 1988. [16]
  35. Since 2019, the smoking age in Michigan was 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [39]
  36. The smoking age in Minnesota was 18 in 1988. [16]
  37. Since 2019, the smoking age in Minnesota was 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [48]
  38. The smoking age in Mississippi was 18 in 1988. [16]
  39. Since 2019, the smoking age in Mississippi was 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [49]
  40. The smoking age in Missouri was 18 in 1988. [16] Since 2019, the smoking age in Missouri has been 21. Under state law, it is 18. [50]
  41. Since 2019, the smoking age in Montana was 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [51]
  42. The smoking age in Nebraska was 18 in 1988. [16]
  43. Since 2019, the smoking age in Nebraska was 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [52]
  44. The smoking age in Nevada was 18 in 1988. [16]
  45. Since 2019, the smoking age in Nevada was 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2021 to align federal and state law. [53]
  46. The smoking age in Nevada was 18 in 1988. [16]
  47. The smoking age in New Hampshire was raised from 18 to 19 sometime between 1988–2020.
  48. Since 2019, the smoking age in New Hampshire was 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [54]
  49. The smoking age in New Jersey was 16 in 1883 and in 1988. [20]
  50. The smoking age in New Jersey was raised from 16 to 18 sometime between 1998–2006.
  51. The smoking age in New Jersey was raised from 18 to 19 in 2006. [55]
  52. Since 2019, the smoking age in New Mexico was 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [57]
  53. The smoking age in New York was 16 in 1886. [20]
  54. The smoking age in New York was raised from 16 to 18 sometime between 1886–1988.
  55. The smoking age was raised to 21 by the New York State Legislature and signed by Governor Andrew Cuomo in 2019 five months prior to the federal Tobacco 21 law. The governor stated: "By raising the smoking age from 18 to 21, we can stop cigarettes and e-cigarettes from getting into the hands of young people in the first place and prevent an entire generation of New Yorkers from forming costly and potentially deadly addictions," [58]
  56. The smoking age in North Carolina was 18 in 1988. [16] Since 2019, the smoking age in North Carolina has been 21 under federal law. Under current state law, it is 18. In 2020, some tobacco shops started to comply with federal law while others only complied with state law. [59] An officer with the North Carolina Department of Public Safety described the conflicting laws: “We’re in limbo trying to figure out what we can and cannot do,” [60]
  57. The smoking age in North Dakota was 18 in 1988. [16]
  58. Since 2019, the smoking age in North Dakota has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2021 to align federal and state law. [61] [62]
  59. Since 2019, the smoking age in the Northern Mariana Islands has been 21 under federal law. Under current territorial law, it is 18. [63]
  60. The smoking age in Ohio was 18 in 1939. [20]
  61. The smoking age was raised to 21 by the Ohio General Assembly in 2019 five months prior to the federal Tobacco 21 law. [64]
  62. The smoking age in Oklahoma was 18 in 1988. [16]
  63. Since 2019, the smoking age in Oklahoma has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [65]
  64. Oregon temporarily repealed its ban on selling tobacco to minors in 1955. [20]
  65. The smoking age in Oregon was 18 in 1988. [16]
  66. The smoking age in Pennsylvania was 16 in 1988. [16]
  67. The smoking age in Pennsylvania was raised from 16 to 18 sometime between 1988–2020.
  68. Since 2019, the smoking age in Pennsylvania has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. State law included an exemption for military personnel 18–20. [67]
  69. Since 2019, the smoking age in the Puerto Rico has been 21 under federal law. Under current territorial law, it is 18.[ citation needed ]
  70. The smoking age in Rhode Island was 16 in 1939. [20]
  71. The smoking age in Rhode Island was 18 in 1988. [20]
  72. Since 2019, the smoking age in Rhode Island has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2021 to align federal and state law. [68] [69]
  73. The smoking age in South Carolina was 18 in 1988. [20] Since 2019, the smoking age in South Carolina has been 21 under federal law. Under current state law, it is 18. [70]
  74. The smoking age in South Dakota was 18 in 1988. [20] Since 2019, the smoking age in South Dakota has been 21 under federal law. Under current state law, it is 18. [71]
  75. The smoking age in Tennessee was 21 before the 1970s. There were efforts to lower it to 18/19 in the 1960s. [16]
  76. The smoking age in Tennessee was 18 in 1988. [16]
  77. Since 2019, the smoking age in Tennessee has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2021 to align federal and state law. [72]
  78. The smoking age in Texas was 16 in 1988. [16]
  79. The smoking age in Texas was raised from 16 to 18 in 1989. [73]
  80. The smoking age was raised to 21 by the Texas Legislature four months prior to the federal Tobacco 21 law. State law included a grandfather clause that exempted adults born before August 31, 2001, and an exemption for military personnel 18–20. [74]
  81. Since 2019, the smoking age in the Puerto Rico has been 21 under federal law. Under current territorial law, it is 18.[ citation needed ]
  82. The smoking age in Utah prior to 1953 was 21. [20]
  83. The smoking age in Utah was lowered from 21 to 19 in 1953. [20]
  84. The smoking age was raised to 21 by the Utah State Legislature ten months prior to the federal Tobacco 21 law. State law included an exemption for military personnel and their spouses and dependents 19–20. [75]
  85. The smoking age in Vermont was 17 in 1988. [16]
  86. The smoking age in Vermont was raised from 17 to 18 sometime between 1988–2019.
  87. The smoking age was raised to 21 by the Vermont General Assembly three months prior to the federal Tobacco 21 law. [76]
  88. The smoking age was 16 in 1988. [16]
  89. The smoking age in Vermont was raised from 16 to 18 sometime between 1988–2019.
  90. The smoking age was raised to 21 by the Virginia General Assembly five months prior to the federal Tobacco 21 law. [77]
  91. The first law prohibiting the sale of tobacco to minors was in 1901. [78]
  92. The smoking age in Washington was increased to 21 in 1909 and remained until 1971. [79]
  93. The smoking age in Washington was lowered to 18 in 1971. [80] [16]
  94. Since 2019, the smoking age in Washington has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [81]
  95. The smoking age in West Virginia was 18 in 1988. [16] Since 2019, the smoking age in West Virginia has been 21 under federal law. Under current state law, it is 18. [82]
  96. The smoking age in Wisconsin was raised to 18 sometime between 1988–2022. Since 2019, the smoking age in Wisconsin has been 21 under federal law. Under current state law, it is 18. In 2022, a bill to amend state law to raise the smoking age to 21 passed in the Wisconsin State Assembly and is pending in the state senate. [83]
  97. The smoking age in Wyoming was raised to 18 sometime between 1988–2020.
  98. Since 2019, the smoking age in Wisconsin has been 21 under federal law. State law raised the smoking age to 21 in 2020 to align federal and state law. [84]

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Tobacco 21 was a United States national campaign aimed at raising the minimum legal age to purchase tobacco and nicotine in the United States to 21. The campaign ended when Congress passed and President Donald Trump signed the 2020 United States federal budget which raised the federal smoking age to 21. The federal law is not enforced in all cases, and an Alaska Senate law to raise the age to 21 was vetoed in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Quebec</span>

Cannabis in Quebec became legal when the national Cannabis Act went into force on 17 October 2018. Cannabis in Canada has been legal for medicinal purposes since 2001 under conditions outlined in the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations, later superseded by the Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations, issued by Health Canada and seed, grain, and fibre production was permitted under licence by Health Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis laws of Canada by province or territory</span>

On October 17, 2018, cannabis was legalized in Canada for recreational and medical purposes. It was already legal for medicinal purposes, under conditions outlined in the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations issued by Health Canada, and for seed, grain, and fibre production under licence by Health Canada.

Heather Edelson is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2019. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), Edelson represents District 50A in the western Twin Cities metropolitan area, which includes the city of Edina and parts of Hennepin County, Minnesota.

Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), is an umbrella term, used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. Symptoms can initially mimic common pulmonary diagnoses, such as pneumonia, but sufferers typically do not respond to antibiotic therapy. Differential diagnoses have overlapping features with VAPI, including COVID-19. According to a systematic review article, "Initial case reports of vaping-related lung injury date back to 2012, but the ongoing outbreak of EVALI began in the summer of 2019." According to an article in the Radiological Society of North America news published in March 2022, EVALI cases continue to be diagnosed. “EVALI has by no means disappeared,” Dr. Kligerman said. “We continue to see numerous cases, even during the pandemic, many of which are initially misdiagnosed as COVID-19.”

Electronic cigarettes are marketed to smoking and non-smoking men, women, and children as being safer than cigarettes. In the 2010s, large tobacco businesses accelerated their marketing spending on vape products, similar to the strategies traditional cigarette companies used in the 1950s and 1960s.

Nicotine salts are salts formed from nicotine and an acid. They are found naturally in tobacco leaves. Various acids can be used, leading to different conjugate bases paired with the ammonium form of nicotine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smokefree Environments and Regulated Products (Smoked Tobacco) Amendment Act 2022</span> Act of Parliament in New Zealand

The Smokefree Environments and Regulated Products Amendment Act 2022 is an act of the New Zealand Parliament that seeks to combat smoking by limiting the number of retailers allowed to sell smoked tobacco products; ban the sale of smoked tobacco products to anyone born on or after 1 January 2009; and to discourage the consumption of smoked tobacco products. The bill passed its third reading on 13 December 2022 and received royal assent on 16 December 2022. The new National-led coalition government announced in late November 2023 that they intended to repeal the legislation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaporized Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Products Regulation Act</span> Law regulating the use of nicotine

The Vaporized Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Products Regulation Act, officially recorded as Republic Act No. 11900, is a law in the Philippines which aims to regulate the "importation, sale, packaging, distribution, use and communication of vaporized nicotine and non-nicotine products and novel tobacco products", such as electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products. It lapsed into law on July 25, 2022. As a proposed measure, the law was known as the Vape Regulation Bill.

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