World Federation of Democratic Youth

Last updated
World Federation of Democratic Youth
Formation10 November 1945;78 years ago (1945-11-10), London, United Kingdom
Headquarters Budapest, Hungary
President
Vacant
Secretary General
Yusdaquy Larduet (UJC)
Vice Presidents
Adnan Al Mokdad
Amb. Naftal Kambungu
Sundar Bhusal
Website www.wfdy.org

The World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) is an international youth organization, and has historically characterized itself as left-wing and anti-imperialist. WFDY was founded in London, United Kingdom in 1945 as a broad international youth movement, organized in the context of the end of World War II with the aim of uniting youth from the Allies behind an anti-fascist platform that was broadly pro-peace, anti-nuclear war, expressing friendship between youth of the capitalist and socialist nations. The WFDY Headquarters are in Budapest, Hungary. [1] The main event of WFDY is the World Festival of Youth and Students. The last festival was held in Sochi, Russia, in October 2017. It was one of the first organizations granted general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.

Contents

History

On 10 November 1945, the World Youth Conference, organized in London, founded the World Federation of Democratic Youth. This historic conference was convened at the initiative of the World Youth Council which was formed during the Second World War to bring together the youth movements of the allied nations in an anti-fascist front. The conference was attended by over 600 delegates from 63 nations, it was at the time the largest and most diverse gathering of international youth. [2] The conference adopted a pledge for peace.

Shortly after, with the onset of the Cold War and Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain speech, the organization was accused by the US State Department of being a "Moscow front". Many of the founding organizations quit, leaving mostly youth from socialist nations, national liberation movements, and communist youth. [3] Like the International Union of Students (IUS) and other pro-Soviet organizations, the WFDY became a target and victim of CIA espionage as well as part of active measures conducted by the Soviet state security. [4] [5] [6] [7]

The WFDY's first General Secretary, Alexander Shelepin, was a former leader of the Young Communist International which had been dissolved in 1943. Shelepin had been a guerilla fighter during World War II (after his work with the WFDY, he was appointed head of Soviet State Security). [4] Both the WFDY and IUS vocally criticized the Marshall Plan, supported the Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948 and the new People's republics in eastern Europe. They opposed the Korean War. [4]

The main event of the WFDY became the World Festival of Youth and Students, a large-scale political and cultural celebration which aimed to promote peace and friendship between the youth of the world. Most, but not all, of the early festivals were held in socialist nations in Europe. During the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s the WFDY's festivals were one of the few places where young people from the western bloc could meet youth involved in the campaign against apartheid from South Africa, or militant youth from Vietnam, Palestine, Cuba and other nations. Famous people who participated in festivals included Angela Davis, Yuri Gagarin, Yasser Arafat, Fidel Castro, Vladimir Putin, Ruth First, Jan Myrdal and Nelson Mandela.

When the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc collapsed, the WFDY entered a crisis. With the power vacuum left by the collapse of the most important member organization, the Soviet Komsomol, there were conflicting views of the future character of the organization. Some wanted a more apolitical structure, whereas others were more inclined to an openly leftist federation. The WFDY, however, survived this crisis, and is today an active international youth organization that holds regular activities.

Pledge

Guy de Boisson, President of the World Federation of Democratic Youth, speaks at the opening of the 2nd World Festival of Youth and Students (Budapest, 1949). Bundesarchiv Bild 183-M23075, Budapest, II. Weltfestspiele, Eroffnungsrede, Guy de Boisson.jpg
Guy de Boisson, President of the World Federation of Democratic Youth, speaks at the opening of the 2nd World Festival of Youth and Students (Budapest, 1949).

We pledge that we shall remember this unity, forged in this month, November 1945

Not only today, not only this week, this year, but always Until we have built the world we have dreamed of and fought for We pledge ourselves to build the unity of youth of the world All races, all colors, all nationalities, all beliefs To eliminate all traces of fascism from the earth To build a deep and sincere international friendship among the peoples of the world To keep a just lasting peace To eliminate want, frustration and enforced idleness

We have come to confirm the unity of all youth salute our comrades who have died-and pledge our word that skilful hands, keen brains and young enthusiasm shall never more be wasted in war

Pledge of the World Federation of Democratic Youth

General Assembly

The WFDY conducts a General Assembly every four years, the last taking place in Nicosia in 2019. [8] During the Assembly, leadership and a General Council are elected and an organizational declaration is approved. [9]

Member organizations

Africa

CountryNameNotesRef
Flag of Angola.svg  Angola Juventude do Movimento Popular da Libertação de Angola Youth wing of MPLA [10]
Flag of Benin.svg  Benin Organization of Revolutionary Youth (OJRB) [11]
Independent Socialist Youth Union (USJIB) [11]
Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi JRR Burundi [11]
Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde Youth of PAICV Youth wing of PAICV [11]
Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros Front of Socialist Youth (FSY) [11]
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Congo UJS Congo [11]
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Congo, Dem. Rep. PPRD Youth LeagueYouth wing of the People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy [11]
Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea National Union of Eritrean Youth and Students [10]
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia Ethiopian Youth League [10]
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana Democratic Youth League of Ghana [11]
African Youth Command [11]
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea Bissau African Youth Amílcar Cabral Youth wing of PAICG [11]
Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho LYF Lesotho [11]
Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar KDTM Madagascar [11]
Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi LYM Malawi [11]
YASED Malawi [11]
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique Mozambican Youth Organisation Youth wing of FRELIMO [10]
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia SWAPO Party Youth League Youth wing of SWAPO
Namibia National Students Organisation (NANSO)
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria National Youth Council of Nigeria [11]
National Youth Council of the Ogoni People (NYCOP) [11]
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  Sao Tome JML São Tomé and Príncipe [11]
Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal Mouvement de la Jeunesse DémocratiqueYouth wing of the Democratic League/Movement for the Labour Party [11]
Democratic Youth Union Alboury NdiayeYouth wing of the Party of Independence and Work [11]
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone SFYO Sierra Leone [11]
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa African National Congress Youth League Youth wing of the African National Congress [10]
South African Students Congress [11]
Young Communist League of South AfricaYouth wing of the South African Communist Party
Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan Sudanese Youth UnionYouth wing of the Sudanese Communist Party [11]
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania Umoja Wa VijanaYouth wing of Chama Cha Mapinduzi [10]
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia United National Independence Party Youth LeagueYouth wing of the United National Independence Party [11]
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe ZANU-PF Youth LeagueYouth wing of ZANU-PF [10]
Zimbabwe Congress of Students Union (ZICOSU)

Asia and the Pacific

Map of countries which have or had a youth organization in the World Federation of Democratic Youth. Countries with active member organizations of WFDY are shown in dark green. Countries with former member organizations of WFDY are shown in light green. World Federation of Democratic Youth.svg
Map of countries which have or had a youth organization in the World Federation of Democratic Youth. Countries with active member organizations of WFDY are shown in dark green. Countries with former member organizations of WFDY are shown in light green.
CountryNameNotesRef
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia Young Communist League Armenia Youth wing of the Armenian Communist Party [12]
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Resistance: Young Socialist Alliance Youth wing of the Socialist Alliance
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan Young Communist League Azerbaijan Youth wing of the Azerbaijan Communist Party [12]
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Socialist Students' Front Student wing of the Socialist Party of Bangladesh
Bangladesh Students Union [13]
Bangladesh Youth Union Youth wing of the Communist Party of Bangladesh [10]
Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan Democratic Youth of Bhutan Youth wing of the Bhutan National Democratic Party [13]
Students Union of Bhutan [13]
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia Youth Association of Cambodia [13]
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia Young Communist League of Georgia [12]
Flag of India.svg  India All India Students Federation Student wing of the Communist Party of India [13]
All India Youth Federation Youth wing of the Communist Party of India [10]
Students Federation of India Student Wing of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Democratic Youth Federation of India Youth Wing of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) [13]
All India Youth LeagueYouth wing of the All India Forward Bloc [13]
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Tudeh Youth Youth wing of the Tudeh Party of Iran [14]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Democratic Youth League of Japan Youth wing of the Japanese Communist Party [13]
Japan League of Socialist Youth [10]
Korean Youth League in Japan (Chochong)  [ ja ] [lower-alpha 1] Youth wing of Chongryon [13]
Flag of North Korea.svg  Korea, DPR Kimilsungist-Kimjongilist Youth League Youth wing of the Workers' Party of Korea [10]
Flag of South Korea.svg  Korea, Rep. 7th-term Hanchongryun [13]
Flag of Laos.svg  Laos Lao People's Revolutionary Youth Union Youth wing of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party [13]
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia Mongolian Youth Federation [13]
Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar All Burma Students' Democratic Front [13]
All Burma Students League [13]
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal All Nepal National Free Students Union Student wing of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) [13]
Youth Federation Nepal Youth wing of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) [10]
Nepal National Federation of Students Student wing of the Nepal Communist Party (United) [13]
Nepal National Youth Federation Youth wing of the Nepal Communist Party (United) [13]
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan Democratic Students Federation student wing of the Communist Party of Pakistan
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines Anakbayan [13]
Bukluran sa Ikauunlad ng Sosyalistang Isip at Gawa (BISIG) [13]
SIKAP Philippines [13]
YDM Philippines [13]
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka Communist Youth Federation Youth wing of the Communist Party of Sri Lanka [13]
Sri Lanka National Union Of StudentsStudent wing of the Communist Party of Sri Lanka
Federation of All Lanka (Ceylon) Youth League Youth wing of Mahajana Eksath Peramuna
Sama Samaja Youth League Youth wing of Sri Lanka Sama Samaja Party
Socialist Students Union Student wing of Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna [10]
Socialist Youth Union Youth wing of Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna [13]
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union Youth wing of the Communist Party of Vietnam [10]
Vietnam Youth Federation [13]

Europe and North America

CountryNameNotesRef
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria Communist Youth of Austria [12]
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium COMAC Youth wing of the Workers' Party of Belgium
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria Bulgarian Socialist Youth Union [12]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Young Communist League of Canada Affiliated with the Communist Party of Canada
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia Young Socialists of Croatia Youth wing of the Socialist Labour Party of Croatia
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic Communist Youth Union Youth wing of the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia [10]
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus United Democratic Youth Organisation Youth wing of the Progressive Party of Working People [10]
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Communist Youth of Denmark Shared youth organization of the Communist Party in Denmark, the Communist Party of Denmark and Communist Party (Denmark)
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland Communist Youth League [12]
Flag of France.svg  France Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France [12]
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany Free German Youth [12]
Socialist German Workers Youth Youth wing of the German Communist Party [10]
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Communist Youth of Greece Youth wing of the Communist Party of Greece [10]
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary Baloldali Front Youth wing of the Hungarian Workers' Party [12]
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland Connolly Youth Movement [12]
Workers Party Youth Youth wing of the Workers' Party [12]
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Front of the Communist Youth Former Youth wing of the Communist Party; current youth wing of the Communist Front [12]
Giovani Comuniste e Comunisti Youth wing of the Communist Refoundation Party
Flag of Moldova.svg  Republic of Moldova Young Communist League of the Republic of Moldova Youth wing of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Communist Youth Movement of the Netherlands Youth wing of the New Communist Party of the Netherlands [15]
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Young Communists in Norway Youth wing of the Communist Party of Norway [12]
Young Communist League of Norway [12]
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Portuguese Communist Youth Youth wing of the Portuguese Communist Party [10]
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania Union of Socialist Youth Youth wing of the Romanian Socialist Party [12]
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Leninist Young Communist League of the Russian Federation Youth wing of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation [12]
Revolutionary Communist Youth League (b)Youth wing of the Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union [12]
Russian Young Communist League [12]
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia Young Communist League of Yugoslavia Youth wing of the New Communist Party of Yugoslavia [12]
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia Socialistický Zväz Mladých Youth wing of the Communist Party of Slovakia [12]
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Collectives of Communist Youth Youth wing of the Communist Party of the Workers of Spain [12]
Communist Youth Union of Spain Youth wing of the Communist Party of Spain [10]
Communist Youth of Catalonia Youth wing of the Communists of Catalonia [12]
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden Communist Youth of Sweden Youth wing of the Communist Party of Sweden [12]
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland Communist Youth of Switzerland Youth wing of the Swiss Party of Labour
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Young Communist League Youth wing of the Communist Party of Britain [12]
Flag of the United States.svg  United States Young Communist League Youth wing of the Communist Party USA [16]
Young Socialists Youth wing of the Socialist Workers Party (United States)

Latin America and Caribbean

CountryNameNotesRef
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina Federación Juvenil Comunista  [ es ]Youth wing of the Communist Party of Argentina [10]
Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados League of Progressive Youth
Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg  Bolivia Juventud Comunista de Bolivia Youth wing of the Communist Party of Bolivia
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil Juventude Comunista Avançando Youth wing of the Polo Comunista Luiz Carlos Prestes
União da Juventude Comunista Youth wing of the Brazilian Communist Party [10]
União da Juventude Socialista Youth wing of the Communist Party of Brazil [10]
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile Juventudes Comunistas de Chile Youth wing of the Communist Party of Chile [10]
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia Juventud Comunista de Colombia Youth wing of the Colombian Communist Party [10]
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica Juventud Frente Amplio Youth wing of the Broad Front (Costa Rica) [10]
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba Unión de Jóvenes Comunistas Youth wing of the Communist Party of Cuba [10]
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador Juventud Comunista del EcuadorYouth wing of the Communist Party of Ecuador [17]
Juventud Socialista EcuatorianaYouth wing of the Socialist Party of Ecuador [17]
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) [17]
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala Juventud URNG Youth wing of the URNG [17]
Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana Guyana Youth and Students Movement
Walter Rodney Youth Movement
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico Federation of Young CommunistsYouth wing of the Communist Party of Mexico [17]
Juventud Popular Socialista Youth wing of the Popular Socialist Party [10]
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua Juventud Sandinista 19 de Julio Youth wing of the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama JPR Panama [17]
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay Casa de la Juventud del Paraguay
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru Juventud Comunista Peruana Youth wing of the Peruvian Communist Party [17]
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay Juventud del Movimiento 26 de Marzo Youth wing of the 26 March Movement
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela Juventud Comunista de Venezuela Youth wing of the Communist Party of Venezuela [10]
United Socialist Party of Venezuela Youth Youth wing of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela

North Africa and Middle East

CountryNameNotesRef
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria Union de la Jeunesse Algérienne Youth wing of the FLN [18]
National Union of Algerian Students Students of the FLN [18]
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain Shabeeba Society of Bahrain Youth wing of the Progressive Democratic Tribune [10]
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt Union of Progressive Youth of Egypt Youth wing of the Progressive National Unionist Party [10]
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq Iraqi Democratic Youth Federation Youth wing of the Iraqi Communist Party [10]
General Union of Students in Iraqi Republic [18]
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Young Communist League of Israel  [ he ]Youth wing of the Communist Party of Israel, affiliated with Hadash and the Joint List [10]
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan Union of Democratic YouthYouth wing of the Jordanian Communist Party [18]
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait Democratic Youth Union Youth wing of the KPM
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon Union of Lebanese Democratic Youth Youth wing of the Lebanese Communist Party [10]
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya National Youth Organization of Libya [18]
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco USFP Jeunesse Ittihadiya Youth wing of the Socialist Union of Popular Forces [18]
Jeunesse Socialiste Youth wing of the Party of Progress and Socialism [18]
Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine General Union of Palestine Students [10]
Palestinian Democratic Youth Union Youth wing of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine [10]
Flag of Syria.svg  Syria Union of Democratic Youth of Syria-Khaled Baghdash Youth wing of the Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash) [10]
Syrian Democratic Youth Union Youth wing of the Syrian Communist Party (Unified) [18]
Revolutionary Youth Union Youth wing of the Ba'ath Party [18]
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Communist Youth of Turkey Youth wing of the Communist Party of Turkey [10]
Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg  Western Sahara Sahrawi Youth Union Youth wing of the Polisario Front [10] [19]
Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen ASHEED Yemen [18]
Yemen Youth General Union [18]

Former members

Observers

See also

Notes

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Party of Spain</span> Far-left political party in Spain

The Communist Party of Spain is a communist party that, since 1986, has been part of the United Left coalition, which is part of Sumar. Two of its politicians are Spanish government minister, the Minister of Labour and Social Economy and the Minister of Youth and Children.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish Communist Workers' Party (1973)</span> Far-left political party in Spain

The Spanish Communist Workers' Party is an anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist communist party in Spain. It was founded in 1973, when Enrique Líster revolted against the Eurocommunist line of Communist Party of Spain (PCE) general secretary Santiago Carrillo. The party published Análisis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain</span> Political party in Spain

Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain is a Marxist–Leninist communist party in Spain. PCPE was founded out of the unification of several Marxist-Leninist factions. The youth organization is called the Communist Youth of the Peoples of Spain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Young Communist League of Canada</span> Marxist–Leninist youth organization

The Young Communist League of Canada (YCL-LJC) is a Canadian Marxist–Leninist youth organization founded in 1922. The organization is ideologically aligned with, but organizationally independent from, the Communist Party of Canada. The organization's members played a leading role in the On-to-Ottawa Trek and made up a significant portion of the Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion, which fought on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War.

Juventud, a Spanish word meaning youth, or Juventude, its Portuguese equivalent, may refer to:

The Internationalist Communist Party was a Trotskyist political party in France. It was the name taken by the French Section of the Fourth International from its foundation until a name change in the late 1960s.

Wilebaldo Solano Alonso was a Spanish Communist activist during the Spanish Civil War, especially noted for his work with Socialist youth organizations as a member of the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM). Most of his activities before and during the Second Spanish Republic were centered in Catalonia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Youth Union of Spain</span> Political party

The Communist Youth Union of Spain is a Marxist-Leninist youth political organization that fights for the interests of the working class and its youth, it was formed by young communists in the Spanish state. It serves as the youth organization of the Communist Party of Spain, although since June 2023, this relationship has been suspended due to internal tension and attempts at intervention by the PCE towards the UJCE's structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union of Communist Students</span> Political party in France

The Union of Communist Students is a French student political organization, part of the Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France. It was founded in 1939 but dissolved after World War II. The UEC was re-created in 1956, along with the MJCF. It is independent from the French Communist Party (PCF) although it remains close to it. It maintains exchange contacts with the PCF, in particular on student issues. The UEC is organized in sectors, by university, and is led by a national collective elected during the congress of the MJCF and renewed during the National Assemblies of the facilitators, every year. A national coordination runs the organization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Revolutionary Communist Party (Argentina)</span> Maoist political party in Argentina

The Revolutionary Communist Party is a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist political party in Argentina.

The Popular Socialist Youth was a youth organization in Cuba, the youth wing of the Popular Socialist Party. Raúl Valdés Vivó was the general secretary of the organization. By 1960, the organization was estimated to have around 13,000 members. Raúl Castro was a member of the organization for some time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Workers' Socialist Movement (Puerto Rico)</span> Puerto Rican political organization

The Workers' Socialist Movement is a Puerto Rican democratic socialist revolutionary organization, formed in 1982 and dedicated to the self-organization and self-emancipation of the working-class in Puerto Rico, as well as international solidarity with the workers struggles worldwide. It is usually known as the "MST", and its youth section is the Unión de Juventudes Socialistas, also known as the "UJS-MST" or simply "UJS". The MST supports a socialist and independent Puerto Rico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Young Communist League (Cuba)</span> Youth organization of the Communist Party of Cuba

The Young Communist League is the youth organization of the Communist Party of Cuba. Its membership is voluntary and selective. The organizations counts more than 400,000 active members. Its symbol shows the stylized faces of Julio Antonio Mella, Camilo Cienfuegos and Che Guevara. The motto is Estudio, Trabajo, Fusil and means "Study, Work, Rifle".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Labour Gathering Party</span> Defunct communist party in Argentina

The Labour Gathering Party was a political party in Argentina, led by José Penelon. It emerged from a dissident wing of the Communist Party of Argentina in the late 1920s. The party would exist for decades, mainly based in Buenos Aires, but its influence waned over the years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federico Melchor</span> Spanish journalist and communist politician

Federico Melchor Fernández was a Spanish journalist and communist politician. He was one of the leaders of the Communist Youth Union of Spain. During the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) he was general director of Propaganda in the government of Juan Negrín. He became a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Spain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Front of Communist Youth</span>

The Front of Communist Youth is a Marxist–Leninist youth organization founded in 2012. It defines itself as "a revolutionary organization of young workers, students, and workless youth that struggles against capitalism, to build a socialist society". The FGC consisted of around 1,500 members as of 2020 and participates in student elections and political actions across Italy.

References

  1. Choi, Charles Hongseok (2021). "Preferential Refugee Policies in Postwar Canada". Undergraduate Review. Bridgewater State University. 16: 113.
  2. McDuffie, Erik S (2011). Sojourning for freedom. Duke University Press. p. 247. ISBN   978-0-8223-9440-2.
  3. Richard Felix Staar, Foreign policies of the Soviet Union , Hoover Press, 1991, ISBN   0-8179-9102-6, p.84
  4. 1 2 3 The cultural Cold War in Western Europe, 1945-1960. Giles Scott-Smith, Hans Krabbendam. p. 169
  5. A century of spies: intelligence in the twentieth century. Jeffrey T. Richelson. p. 252
  6. Soviet foreign policy in a changing world, Volume 1986. Robbin Frederick Laird, Erik P. Hoffmann. p. 211
  7. Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia, Volume 1. Bernard A. Cook. p. 212
  8. "ΡΙΚ και υπόλοιπα κανάλια "δεν είδαν" την 20η Συνέλευση της ΠΟΔΝ". Dialogos. 4 December 2019.
  9. "Approved Political Declaration Of the 19th Assembly of WFDY (1).pdf". Google Docs. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 "Members". wfdy.org. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 "African Member Organizations". World Federation of Democratic Youth. 13 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 "WFDY - CENA Member Organizations". World Federation of Democratic Youth. June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 August 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 "Asia & Pacific Member Organizations". World Federation of Democratic Youth. 13 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  14. United States Congress, House Committee on Un-American Activities (1956), Soviet Total War: "Historic Mission" of Violence and Deceit, vol. 1–2, U.S. Government Printing Office, pp. 589–90
  15. "The CJB is a member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth". Website of the Communist Youth Movement of the Netherlands. 20 November 2022.
  16. Lynch, Maicol David (4 December 2019). "CPUSA youth leader greets WFDY meeting in Cyprus". Communist Party USA.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Latin American & Caribbean Member Organizations". World Federation of Democratic Youth. 13 June 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Middle East Member Organizations". World Federation of Democratic Youth. 13 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  19. Kalicka-Mikołajczyk, Adrianna (23 February 2021). "The international legal status of Western Sahara". Opole Studies in Administration and Law. 18 (4): 44. doi: 10.25167/osap.3429 .
  20. Matthiesen, Toby (August 2020). "The Cold War and the Communist Party of Saudi Arabia, 1975–1991". Journal of Cold War Studies. MIT Press. 22 (3): 42. doi: 10.1162/jcws_a_00950 . ISSN   1531-3298. S2CID   221118100.