List of Old Wykehamists

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Former pupils of Winchester College are called Old Wykehamists, after the school's founder, William of Wykeham. WilliamOfWykeham.jpg
Former pupils of Winchester College are called Old Wykehamists, after the school's founder, William of Wykeham.

Old Wykehamists are former pupils of Winchester College, so called in memory of the school's founder, William of Wykeham. [1] [2] He was Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor of England. He used the wealth these positions gave him to establish both the school in 1382 and a university college, New College, Oxford, in 1379; both of them were set up to provide an education for 70 scholars. Winchester College opened in 1394. [3] William of Wykeham provided that up to two pupils a year who could prove they were his descendants could attend the school at its expense; they were known as Consanguineus Fundatoris, "Founder's Kin". [4] Ranulph Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes records that the tradition ended in 1868, by which time fourteen members of his family had received a free education. [5] At first only a small number of pupils other than scholars were admitted; by the 15th century the school had around 100 pupils in total, nominally the 70 scholars, 16 choirboys and the rest "commoners". Demand for places for commoners was high, and though at first restricted, numbers gradually rose. [6] From the 1860s, ten boarding houses, each for up to sixty pupils, were added, greatly increasing the school's capacity. [7] By 2020, the number of pupils had risen to 690. [8]

Contents

The school's traditions include a 600-year-old ceremony in which the Warden, wearing the Founder's Ring, admits each new Scholar; "Illumina", an autumn celebration, in which candles are placed into niches all over the medieval walls around the playing fields; and "Morning Hills", held once a year, when all the school's pupils and teachers climb St Catherine's Hill for a roll call and prayers. [3] The Ad Portas ("At the Gates") ceremony is held as an honour for distinguished guests and alumni; all members of the school stand in the medieval Chamber Court to hear the speeches. [3] In 2011, nineteen alumni (and six more honoured in their absence), all Fellows of the Royal Society or Fellows of the British Academy, were welcomed Ad Portas, with speeches in Latin and English. [9] [10]

Among the Old Wykehamists listed here are four archbishops, including one of the school's earliest pupils, Henry Chichele; four field marshals; commanders of both Fighter Command and Bomber Command during the Second World War—Hugh Dowding and Charles Portal, respectively; and two Viceroys of India, Archibald Wavell and Frederic Thesiger. The many politicians include six Chancellors of the Exchequer: Henry Addington for the Tory Party; Robert Lowe for the Liberal Party; Stafford Cripps and Hugh Gaitskell for the Labour Party; and Geoffrey Howe and Rishi Sunak for the Conservative Party. Of these, Addington and Sunak went on to become Prime Minister.

The individuals listed are classified by decade or century of birth, with a note of how each distinguished himself. Those who won military medals are listed at the foot of the page; six Old Wykehamists have won Britain's highest military award, the Victoria Cross. Individuals are included here only if they have distinguished themselves at the highest level within their profession or achieved national recognition. Thus, for example, politicians are included only if they are members of the privy council or have a cabinet position; sportspeople, only if they have distinguished themselves in a national competition or represented their country; for soldiers, that they have reached a rank equivalent to major-general, or won a gallantry award; actors, that they have been nominated for the highest honour in the field, such as an Academy or Olivier Award; members of a profession, that they are recognised as distinguished by their profession's leading institution, such as being a fellow of the Royal Society or the Royal Academy of Music. As another example, national recognition in business means being chair or chief executive of a FTSE 100 company.

Fourteenth century

Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury, taught by Wykeham before the College's foundation Henry Chichely, Archbishop of Canterbury.jpg
Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury, taught by Wykeham before the College's foundation

Fifteenth century

Henry Wotton, ambassador SirHenryWotton.jpg
Henry Wotton, ambassador

Sixteenth century

Thomas Coryat, sixteenth century traveller Thomas Coryat British Traveller.jpg
Thomas Coryat, sixteenth century traveller
The roundhead Nathaniel Fiennes, a descendant of William of Wykeham NathanielFiennes.jpg
The roundhead Nathaniel Fiennes, a descendant of William of Wykeham

Seventeenth century

Eighteenth century

James Woodforde, author of Diary of a Country Parson Parson woodforde.jpg
James Woodforde, author of Diary of a Country Parson
Field Marshal John Colborne John Colborne.jpg
Field Marshal John Colborne

Nineteenth century

James Edwards Sewell, Warden of New College, caricatured by Spy, 1894 James Edwards Sewell, Vanity Fair, 1894-04-05.jpg
James Edwards Sewell, Warden of New College, caricatured by Spy, 1894

1800–1819

Matthew Arnold, poet Matthew Arnold.jpg
Matthew Arnold, poet

1820–1839

Frank Buckland, naturalist PSM V28 D300 Francis Trevelyan Buckland.jpg
Frank Buckland, naturalist
Herbert Stewart fought in the Anglo-Zulu War, the First Boer War and the Sudan Campaign. Major General Sir Herbert Stewart.jpg
Herbert Stewart fought in the Anglo-Zulu War, the First Boer War and the Sudan Campaign.

1840–1859

David Samuel Margoliouth, orientalist OU ORST 102847.jpg
David Samuel Margoliouth, orientalist

1860–1869

Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon, Foreign Secretary, 1914 Edward Grey 1914.jpg
Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon, Foreign Secretary, 1914

1870–1879

Rupert D'Oyly Carte, owner of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company and Savoy Hotel Rupert D'Oyly Carte.jpg
Rupert D'Oyly Carte, owner of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company and Savoy Hotel
William Sealy Gosset, statistician, inventor of Student's t-test William Sealy Gosset.jpg
William Sealy Gosset, statistician, inventor of Student's t-test

1880–1889

Hugh Dowding led Fighter Command in the Battle of Britain. Hugh Dowding.jpg
Hugh Dowding led Fighter Command in the Battle of Britain.
Archibald Wavell, Field Marshal, Viceroy of India Archibald Wavell2.jpg
Archibald Wavell, Field Marshal, Viceroy of India
Apsley Cherry-Garrard, Antarctic explorer Apsley Cherry-Garrard.jpg
Apsley Cherry-Garrard, Antarctic explorer
Charles Portal, advocate of area bombing of cities Charles Portal 1947.jpg
Charles Portal, advocate of area bombing of cities

1890–1899

Oswald Mosley, leader of the British Union of Fascists, by Glyn Warren Philpot, 1925 Sir Oswald Mosley, 6th Bt by Glyn Warren Philpot.jpg
Oswald Mosley, leader of the British Union of Fascists, by Glyn Warren Philpot, 1925

Twentieth century

1900–1909

Film director Anthony Asquith (second from left) by Lady Ottoline Morrell (died 1938) Walter James Redfern Turner, Anthony Asquith, Charles Percy Sanger, Mark Gertler by Lady Ottoline Morrell.jpg
Film director Anthony Asquith (second from left) by Lady Ottoline Morrell (died 1938)
Hugh Gaitskell, Chancellor of the Exchequer, leader of the opposition Hugh Gaitskell 1958.jpg
Hugh Gaitskell, Chancellor of the Exchequer, leader of the opposition

1910–1919

Nicholas Monsarrat, naval officer, author of The Cruel Sea Nicholas Monsarrat.jpg
Nicholas Monsarrat, naval officer, author of The Cruel Sea
Richard Synge, inventor of partition chromatography Richard Laurence Millington Synge.jpg
Richard Synge, inventor of partition chromatography

1920–1929

Paul Britten Austin, scholar of Swedish literature Paul Britten Austin portrait.jpg
Paul Britten Austin, scholar of Swedish literature
Freeman Dyson, physicist Freeman dyson (detail).jpg
Freeman Dyson, physicist
Geoffrey Howe, cabinet minister Lord Geoffrey Howe (cropped).jpg
Geoffrey Howe, cabinet minister

1930–1939

Antony Jameson, aeronautical engineer TonyJameson.JPG
Antony Jameson, aeronautical engineer
Richard Williamson, controversial bishop Bishop Richard Williamson.jpg
Richard Williamson, controversial bishop

1940–1949

Antony Beevor, military historian Antony Beevor 0008.jpg
Antony Beevor, military historian
Robyn Hitchcock, singer-songwriter Robyn Hitchcock, Oct. 2012.jpg
Robyn Hitchcock, singer-songwriter

1950–1959

Richard Stagg, ambassador Richardstagg.jpg
Richard Stagg, ambassador
Nick Carter, Chief of the Defence Staff Chief of the General Staff General Sir Nicholas Carter KCB CBE DSO ADC Gen (cropped).jpg
Nick Carter, Chief of the Defence Staff

1960–1969

Joss Whedon, film director Joss Whedon by Gage Skidmore 7.jpg
Joss Whedon, film director

1970–1979

Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister Official Portrait of Prime Minister Rishi Sunak (cropped).jpg
Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister

1980–1989

Victoria Cross and George Cross holders

Gustavus Coulson VC VCGustavusHamiltonBlenkinsoppCoulson.jpg
Gustavus Coulson VC

Six Old Wykehamists have won the Victoria Cross (VC), four in the First World War, 1914–18 (of whom three were killed in action) and two prior to 1914. Also in the Second World War one Old Wykehamist won the George Cross and one the George Medal, both in military circumstances.

See also

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  355. ↑ "George Nash (K) 2002–07 selected to row at the London Olympics". Winchester College. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  356. ↑ "No. 22347". The London Gazette . 20 January 1860. p. 178.
  357. ↑ "Coulson, Gustavus Hamilton Blenkinsopp". Winchester College. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
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  362. ↑ "A memorial plaque commemorating Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Burges VC DSO has been erected in Arnos Vale cemetery, Bristol, where he was cremated". Victoria Cross. 24 October 2006. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
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Notes

  1. ↑ Chichele studied under Wykeham in Winchester, although Winchester College had not yet been founded. [12]

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